Ukhukhamba olukhulayo ngokusebenzisa izithombo: luyatholakala nakwabaqalayo

Ukhukhamba izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa, kepha zikhula cishe kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu. Ezimweni eziningi, ihlwanyelwa ngembewu ngqo engadini, kodwa ekukhiqizweni kokuqala ithandwa kakhulu kanti nokutshala kokuqala kwezithombo ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu akunzima kakhulu, izithombo zisefasiteleni cishe inyanga, izimo ezisefulethini ledolobha ngokuvamile zilungele ukukhula kwalo.

Inhlabathi yezithombo

Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu yamakhukhamba ezithombo, kufanele ulungiselele kuqala imbewu ngokwazo, ingxube yenhlabathi kanye neziqukathi lapho izithombo zizosebenzisa inyanga yokuphila kwazo. Ngokuqondene neziqukathi, yonke into icacile: awukwazi ukutshala ukhukhamba emabhokisini ajwayelekile, ngokwezigaba awakubekezeleli ukufakelwa ngokwephulwa kohlelo lwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, adinga izinkomishi ngazinye. Ivolumu yazo kufanele isuke ku-300 iye ku-500 ml; Kuyiqiniso, abanye abalimi bakhulisa izithombo zamakhukhamba ngisho namagobolondo amaqanda.

Futhi nokho, ukuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, akufanele unqunyelwe ngosayizi wezinkomishi. Ukwakheka kwabo kufanele kube njengokuvumela izithombo ukuthi zikhishwe ngaphandle kokulimaza i-coma yenhlabathi. Izinkomishi ezingasetshenziswelwa phansi ezingabuyelwa emuva zinhle kulokhu, kepha zilungile - amabhodwe we-peat angcwatshwa engadini kanye nakho konke okuqukethwe.

Isitshalo ngasinye sinengilazi yaso siqu

Ukukhanya, kokungathathi hlangothi kwi-acidity, umswakama- kanye nenhlabathi yokuphefumula kubekwa ezimbizeni. Njengoba le ndaba kungenzeka ingafinyeleli ekugqokeni okuphezulu ngenyanga, inhlabathi kufanele ngokushesha iqukethe izakhamzimba ezanele. Lapho kukhula izithombo eziyishumi nambili, kulula ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo, kodwa kufanele yakhelwe ngqo amakhukhamba. Akunasidingo sokujaha izinketho ezishibhile: ngeshwa, kumaphakeji anjalo asavame ukuthengisa umhlaba “uthango”. Inhlabathi evela kumenzi omkhulu ayidingeki ukuthi ilungiswe ngokungeziwe.

Endabeni yokuzilungiselela ngokwayo ingxube yezakhi, inketho engcono kakhulu ingumhlaba we-turf, umquba omuhle, uphaya nesihlabathi (isilinganiso 2: 2: 1: 1). Vele, kukhona izinketho: hhayi njalo epulazini kukhona konke okudingayo. I-Sawdust nayo isetshenziswa njengezakhi zengxube, isihlabathi sithathelwa indawo nge-vermiculite, njll. Umquba omuhle noma i-humus inomanyolo owanele, kepha uma lezi zingxenye zingatholakalanga, noma yimuphi umhlabathi kufanele ucholwe ngomlotha wokhuni (ingilazi ebhakedeni lomhlabathi) bese ufaka cishe i-50 g azofoski.

Uma umhlaba uthathwa ngokuqondile engadini, inhlabathi kumele ihlaselwe magciwane. Indlela elula ukuthi uthele ngokukhululekile isixazululo se-potassium permanganate ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Uma kungazelelwe kungabikho, ungangena esikhundleni sethusi yethusi. Ngemuva kokumiswa kube sesimweni sokusebenza ngokunethezeka, inhlabathi ithululelwa ezinkomishini, ibekwe phansi kongqimba lwamasentimitha, bese ivunyelwe ukuhlala usuku lonke.

Izinsuku zokutshala ukhukhamba zezithombo

Ukubala isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishini kulula kakhulu, kepha akunakwenzeka ukunikeza isincomo esithile. Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuze kube yilapho izithombo sezitshalwe enhlabathini, kufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya ku-35. Futhi-ke konke kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lwesifunda sezulu esikhuluma ngalo nokuthi bazokhula kuphi ukhukhamba: endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma enhlabathini engavikelekile.

Uma sikhuluma ngomzila ophakathi nendawo futhi sicabange ngokutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile, khona-ke ngaphandle kokwesaba ungakwenza lokhu kuphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngakho-ke, imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ekugcineni kuka-Ephreli. Uma kulindelwa indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu yesikhashana, yonke into ingashintshwa amasonto ambalwa futhi ihlwanyele imbewu maphakathi no-Ephreli. Hhayi-ke, uma kune-greenhouse enhle, kuzokwazi ukutshala izithombo kuyo kakade ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, okusho ukuthi izithombo ziqala cishe ngo-Ephreli 1.

Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho noma ezaseningizimu, imigomo, ngokulandelana, iguqulwe ngandlela-thile. Kepha eningizimu, izithombo zamakhukhamba zitshalwa kuphela ekusebenzeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemikhiqizo: ukudla amakhukhamba ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, zingangabazi ngokuhlwanyelwa embhedeni wembewu.

Ungatshala nini ukhukhamba wezithombo ngonyaka ka-2019 ngokwekhalenda lenyanga

Abalimi abaningi bahlola izinsuku zezindlu zabo zasehlobo ngezigaba zokuhamba kwemizimba yasezulwini. Kusukela cishe ngo-1990, amaphephandaba amaningi noma omagazini, kanye nezindawo ezilandelwa kamuva ze-Intanethi, ashicilele amakhalenda amaningi enyanga abhala izinsuku ezinhle nezenqatshelwe zalokhu noma ezisebenza namasimu athile noma engadini ethile. Inkinga ukuthi lezi zinsuku zihluka kakhulu phakathi kokuhlelwa okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhlaziye imithombo eminingi futhi uzenzele isinqumo esifanele.

Isibonelo, imithombo eminingi ibiza uMeyi 18, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, no-31 njengezinsuku ezinhle zokutshala ukhukhamba ngo-2019.

Uma usafuna ukuxhumanisa ukuhlwanyela nezigaba zenyanga, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba kunconyelwa phakathi nenyanga ekhulayo, eduze nezinsuku zenyanga entsha. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngalezo zikhathi, izinqubo zokukhula kwezilimo eziningi ziyavulwa, okulungele ukuhluma kwembewu kanye nosayizi wesitshalo esizayo.

Ukukhula kwezithombo zamakhukhamba

Njengoba ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesimanje kanye nzalo ukhukhamba wokuqala uvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-33- 38 emva kokuvela, isidingo sezithombo ezikhulayo zivame ukucatshangwa. Kepha uma ufuna ukukhipha imikhiqizo yakho ekuqaleni, okungenani izihlahla ezimbalwa zezithombo zizolungiswa ngumhlali wethu wasehlobo.

Ngokungafani, ngokwesibonelo, izithombo zamaklabishi, ezidinga amakamelo apholile ukukhula, ikhukhamba lizizwa lihle emazingeni okushisa afanayo nawomuntu, ukuze izithombo zingalungiswa ekhaya. Kepha uma kune-greenhouse noma i-hotbed eduzane, lapho kutholakala khona nsuku zonke, abalimi bakhetha ukukhulisa izithombo kuzo.

Sicabanga ukuthi sihlala kude nezindlu zasekhaya, sikuvakashela ngezimpelasonto kuphela, ngakho-ke sizokhulisa amabhuku ali-12 efulethini ledolobha. Kuyadingeka ukugqamisa kulokhu kukhanya kwewindows okukhanyiswe kakhulu.

Ilungiselela imbewu yokutshala

Ngenhlanhla, imbewu yamakhukhamba ayidingi ukuthengwa minyaka yonke: igcina umthamo wokuhluma iminyaka engama-7-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu emisha imbi kakhulu kunaleyo eqambe amanga iminyaka emibili noma emithathu: ine "izimbali ezingenalutho" eziningi. Imbewu ye-Optimum eneminyaka yobudala engama-2-4. Kuliqiniso, nzalo yesimanje ingahle ingalungi, kepha le yindaba eyinkimbinkimbi, efana nendaba yokuthi izinhlobo ezingafani namakhulu amancane ahlukahlukene zavela kanjani emashalofini. Ngabe bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye?

Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zamanje zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ama-nzalo (F1) angcono izikhathi eziningi futhi atyala wona kuphela, ngonyaka azama zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo emisha. Abanye, unyaka nonyaka, baguga, izinhlobo ezifakazelwe futhi bagcine imbewu yazo kubo, bekhetha le nhloso ngempela njenge-tetrahedral kunokuba izitshalo zembewu zikanxantathu (yebo, uma ubheka kakhulu, ukhukhamba oluvuthiwe alusilo neze i-cylindrical!). Yisiphi isakhamuzi sasehlobo esilungile? Kubukeka sengathi iqiniso likhona ndawo. Kucace bha ukuthi iningi lembewu e-hybrid iyathengiswa ukulungele ukuhlwanyelwa, futhi kufanele unciphise okuncane kuqala okwakho.

Lonke uhlu lwezinyathelo zokulungiselela imbewu lubukeka kanjena (kepha akuyizinto zonke ezidingekayo):

• Ukulinganisa Lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla: imbewu yekhukhamba inkulu kakhulu, futhi eyibuthaka kakhulu inqunywa kalula ngeminwe. Kulula kakhulu ukucwilisa imbewu kusisombululo se-sodium chloride (uhhafu wesipuni engilazini yamanzi), unikine ulinde imizuzu engama-3-5. Ababuthakathaka bazovela, akufanele bahlwanyelwe.
  

  Imbewu yamakhukhamba mikhulu, ungathinta imbewu ngayinye ngawodwana

• Ukufudumeza. Uma usanda kuthenga imbewu entsha ezandleni zakho (noma imvelaphi yayo ayikaziwa), ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kufanele kubanjelwe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngebhethri lokushisa, okunciphisa ingxenye yezimbali zesilisa okungekho zithelo kuzo.
• Isikhubekiso. Ngembewu yezinkampani ezithembekile ezithengiwe esitolo esikhethekile, lokhu kusebenza kungakhethwa. Bamba imbewu yakho noma omakhelwane imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-20 kwisisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokhu kusebenza, hlambulula imbewu kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
  

  Isixazululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate, cishe i-1%, siyadingeka ekukhuculweni kwegciwane imbewu
• Ukugcwala kuzixazululo zomanyolo noma ngezinto ezikhulisayo. Akuyona inqubo yokuphoqa, kepha abanye abathandi basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene kulokhu. Okungokwemvelo kakhulu - ukumnika umlotha noma ujusi we-agave, kuxutshwe ka-5 ngamanzi.
  

  U-Epin no-Zircon - ezinye zezikhuthazo ezilungele ukusetshenziswa

• Ukuvuvukala emanzini. Ngisho nalezo zimbewu ezingacutshungulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, abalimi abaningi bazama ukuthoba okungenani kuze kube ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Imbewu igcinwa emanzini afudumele amahora angama-24 (kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-30 ^mayelanaC), ngemuva kwalokho zomile kancane ukuze zikhubazeke kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Lesi silinganiso singasheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo ngaphandle kosuku, ngakho-ke siphikisana kakhulu njengoba kunesidingo.
• Ukuphatha. Kepha lokhu kunengqondo. Yize ososayensi abaningi abangavumelani kule ndaba, ukukholelwa ukuthi ukuzenza lukhuni imbewu ukuze lukhule izitshalo ngokwazo cishe akunangqondo. Akukwenzi mqondo ukutshala imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuyathandeka emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuzilawula endabeni yembewu yamakhukhamba kwenziwa ngokugcina imbewu efakwe endwangu emanzi esiqandisini amahora angama-24.
• Ukuhluma. Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi ku-sawdust emanzi kuze kubonakale impande yokuqala - uhhafu wembewu. Kuliqiniso, imbewu ekhulelukhuni kunzima ukuyitshala, kepha kuyaphumelela izinsuku ezimbalwa.
  

  Kwesinye isikhathi lolu daba luyiswa ngisho nokuvela kwamapheshana, kepha kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukutshala imbewu enjalo

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungenzi lutho kusuka kuhla olungenhla? Ungakwazi, imbewu ihlume futhi yomile, kamuva nje kamuva. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha kuphela lezo zinyathelo ezibonakala zidingeka esimweni esithile esithile.

Ukuhlwanyela Imbewu Yekhukhamba

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba ezitsheni ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ethelwe kubo akunzima.

1. Babeka imbewu eyi-1-2 ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ethelwa ngamanzi (malini akuyona inhliziya: phela, ezinye imbewu manje sezithengiswa ngawodwana!).
   

   Imbewu ebizayo ihlwanyelwa eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye: kungenzeka ukuthi, inokuhluma okuhle

2. Balala ngensimbi yenhlabathi cishe ngo-1.5 cm.
3. Fafaza ingaphezulu kwebhodlela lokufafaza ngamanzi.
   

   Umlimi wegadi njalo udinga ukuba nesibhamu sokufafaza esilula epulazini

4. Beka izinkomishi kunoma yimuphi ugqoko olusebenzayo, amboze ngengilazi noma ngefilimu bese udlulisela endaweni efudumele (kahle ngokushisa kuka-25-28 ^mayelanaC)
   

   Ingilazi izokwakha umphumela wokugcina abamba ukushisa futhi ngeke ivume inhlabathi ukuthi imile.

Ukuvela kwezithombo zamakhukhamba kungalindelwa ngezinsuku ezingama-4-8, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nemibandela. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kwalokhu, izitshalo ezimbi kakhulu kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela, futhi mhlawumbe zisikwe ngesikere.

Nakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile. Vula ingilazi kancanyana, shaya kancane izitshalo, futhi uma kunesidingo, fafaza kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza. Indawo ekahle yezithombo yamakhukhamba yisill efudumele eyenziwe kahle. Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela, ingilazi kufanele isuswe, futhi izinga lokushisa likwazi ukwehliswa laya ku-18 ^mayelanaC, ebusuku ama-degree ambalwa aphansi, ngakho-ke gcina izinsuku ezinhlanu. Lokhu okunzima kakhulu: ngalesi sikhathi, njengomthetho, sekuqala ukufudumala, kepha uma ungazitholi lezo zimo, izithombo zizokwelula futhi zibuthakathaka kakhulu.

Kamuva, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingaba ngu-24 ^mayelanaUjabule no-18 ^mayelanaNgobusuku. Futhi - ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Uma ilanga linganele, ukukhanya okuyisibopho ngamalambu we-fluorescent noma amalambu e-diode. Ukhukhamba efasiteleni lidinga igumbi, ama-bush akufanele axhumane, ngakho-ke izibuko kudingeka zihanjiswe ngezikhathi ezithile. Konke kusezandleni zezithombo - ngokuqondene nanoma yiziphi izitshalo zemifino.

Lapho amawindows eseqedile, amatafula nawo aphoqwa izithombo, kepha lapha awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhanyisa

Ukunisela izithombo ngemuva kokuqhuma

Ukunisela izithombo zamakhukhamba kuphela ngamanzi afudumele (cishe ama-25 ° C). Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane: noma ikuphi ukunyinyitheka kwamanzi ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukushisa okunganele, kuzodala ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuvama kokunisela kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi kanye nezimo zokushisa, kepha lokhu akufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke.

Ngemuva kokunisela, abalimi abanolwazi njalo bathululela isihlabathi esomile, nesihlanzekile eduze kwezimpande. Akudingi okuningi, ungqimba nje wamamilimitha: isihlabathi, ngokungathi kunjalo, senza umsebenzi we-mulch, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sinqande ukubola kwengxenye engezansi yesiqu.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Imvamisa lapho kukhula izithombo zamakhukhamba zenza ngaphandle kokondla. Uma ingxube yenhlabathi yenziwe kahle, ukhukhamba awunazo izakhamzimba zokutshala emhlabathini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka kuphela uma izithombo seziyekile ukukhula, amaqabunga athola umbala ongeyona eyemvelo, njll. Yebo, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezifo (ikakhulukazi kusuka ekuphulweni kwamanzi nezimo lokushisa), kepha, ngokunokwenzeka, ukudla kudliwe.

Ezimweni eziningi, kwanele ukuthulula ukhukhamba ngokufakwa umlotha. Uma kungenawo umlotha, sebenzisa noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali (ngokuncono unesici se-boron). Kuphephile ukusebenzisa ukugqoka kwaphezulu okuphezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, fafaza amaqabunga ezithombo ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (njengoba kubhaliwe ephaketheni). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqoqwa kwesisombululo kumele kubhekwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungashisi amaqabunga. Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu, izithombo ziniselwa kahle, ungakhohlwa ukungeza isihlabathi esincane emva kwalokho.

Akunandawo yokuthatha umlotha efulethini ledolobha, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukugcina kusukela kubarbecue elandelayo kusukela ekwindla

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uthathe izithombo zamakhukhamba

Ukuthathwa kwezithombo zamakhukhamba kuhlobo lwakudala (ngokunamathisela impande ephakathi) akwamukeleki ngokwezigaba. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kusadingeka udlulise izithombo ungene kwesinye isiqukathi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphambi kwalokho lapho kugawulwa iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso. Isidingo esinjalo singaphakama ezimweni:

• iziqukathi ezincane kakhulu ezithathwe ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela;
• izithombo ezinde kakhulu;
• izithombo ezikhule kakhulu ngenxa yesikhathi sokuhlwanyela okungalungile kwesibalo;
• izifo zezithombo.

Ezimweni ezintathu zokuqala, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa: emva kokuphuza okuhle kwezithombo, umhlabathi uvunyelwe ukoma ngandlela thile ukuze inhlama yenhlabathi “ibambe” nakho konke okuqukethwe indebe kudluliselwe ebhodweni elikhudlwana, kunezela umhlabathi. Njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande cishe lungathintekile, amathuba okuphumelela aphezulu; kwesinye isikhathi ukhukhamba aluvimbi nakancane ukukhula. Ngokufakelwa okunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ujule kancane izithombo (ikakhulukazi uma zelulwa) ngokuyifaka emhlabathini ngamaqabunga acishe abe yi-cotyledon. Vele, ngemuva kokufakelwa, kumele kuniselwe kahle futhi kudluliselwe kusihlwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Endabeni yalesi sifo, inhlabathi nayo kungenzeka ukuthi itheleleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke izitshalo kuzofanele zitshalwe kabusha ngaphandle kokhilimu wobumba, futhi nethuba lokuthi konke kuzolunga lincane. Kepha abalimi bavame ukuzama ukusindisa izithombo ngale ndlela. Ngemuva kokunisela, isuswa ngokucophelela enkomishini ngenani elincane lomhlabathi, kodwa izama ukugcina izimpande ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuzithombo ezinjalo, ukunakekelwa kuyadingeka ngokwengeziwe. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ibekwa hhayi kuphela emthunzini oyingxenye, kodwa futhi ikhuphule izinga lokushisa kancane. Uma konke kuhambe kahle, ngemuva kwesonto izithombo zibuyela ezimweni ezijwayelekile.

Ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba enhlabathini evulekile

Izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya azidluli inyanga. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi, izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zigcinwa ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, bese zisesimweni esihle, kuthi ngesonto eledlule baqale ukuzijwayeza izimo zokuphila endaweni evulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo ziqale zithathwe ziyiswe kuvulandi imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20, khona-ke isikhathi sokuhamba siyanda kancane kancane.Kodwa izinga lokushisa akufanele libe eliphansi kakhulu, i-10-12 ^mayelanaInenjabulo isivele icindezelekile. Ngesikhathi sokutshala engadini, izithombo kufanele zibe kuvulandi kuze kube yingxenye yesikhathi sosuku.

Izithombo ezinhle zamakhukhamba, ezilungele ukutshala engadini, kufanele okungenani zibe namaqabunga amathathu amnyama aluhlaza kanye nesiqu esinamandla, kodwa esifushane. Kuhle kakhulu uma ama-buds esevele echaziwe kuwo (okuyiqiniso, angenzi ngamahlamvu amathathu), kanye ne-antennae. Kodwa akunqweneleki ukuvula izimbali ekhaya.

Ngaphambi kokufakelwa enhlabathini, izithombo ziniselwa kahle. Amaphethini wokufakelwa ahlinzekwa ngokuhlukile, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kepha ukuqina kokufika akufanele kube. Imvamisa, amakhukhamba atshalwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, ashiya ama-40-50 cm phakathi kwezintambo, no-25-30 cm phakathi kwezitshalo ngokulandelana. Ukutshala kwe-denser akuhlali kuholele ekukhuleni kwesivuno, okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwemvelo, umbhede kufanele ulungele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokutshala: uklanywe kahle ngomanyolo, ngokuyinhloko o-organic.

Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba enhlabathini evulekile sinqunywa hhayi kangako ngezinsuku ezithile njengokuthi isimo sezulu, futhi izithombo ziphinde zakhiwe kabusha engadini ngaphandle kokuphephela kulayini ophakathi kungaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo. Bazama ukuhlela ukufika ngosuku olunamafu. Inqubo yokufakelwa ilula:

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala, khulula umbhede wakho futhi ulinganise inhlabathi nge-rake.
   

   Ngaphambi kokufika kokugcina, umbhede ungafafazwa futhi ngomlotha futhi

2. Ezindaweni eziqokelwe ngokuya ngohlelo olukhethiwe, bemba umgodi nge-scoop ekujuleni okuncane kakhulu kunosayizi wezinkomishi ezinezithombo.
3. Njengomanyolo wendawo, uhhafu wengilazi yomlotha wezinkuni nesipuni se-azofoska ungezwa emthonjeni ngamunye, ohlanganiswe kahle nenhlabathi bese kuthi amalitha ama-1-2 wamanzi afudumele athululwe.
   

   Imvamisa bambe ngisho nezimbobo ngefosholo ukwenza umanyolo wendawo

4. Susa ngokucophelela izithombo engilazini, wehlise emgodini. Amabhodwe we-Peat angcwatshwa kanye nakho konke okuqukethwe. Mhlawumbe ukujula okuncane kwezithombo, kuze kufike emaqabungeni e-cotyledonous, kepha kulokhu bazama ukuyibeka ngokucophelela ukuze bangangcwabi uhlelo lwezimpande lujulile kakhulu.
   

   Lapho izithombo zilungile, cishe azingcwatshwa.

5. Nisela ngokunensa okutsaliwe ngamanzi afudumele, mulch umhlabathi nganoma iyiphi into evulekile, futhi uma isimo sezulu singekho impela ehlobo, amboze umbhede nge-spanbond noma lutrasil isikhashana.

Ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Ukulungisa i-greenhouse yokutshala ukhukhamba kunzima kakhulu kunokulungiselela imibhede endaweni evulekile, futhi kungafaka:

1. Ukuthathelwa kwegreenhouse, okwenziwe ekwindla. Uma bekungekho zifo, inhlabathi imane iniselwa ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe kusuka ku-sulfate yethusi kanye ne-malathion (1 isipuni ngebhakede lamanzi). Uma lesi sifo sihlasela, inhlabathi yonke ithathelwa indawo entsha.
2. Ukugcwalisa imibhede ngomanyolo (ngo-Ephreli). Inani lomanyolo ku-greenhouse likhulu kakhulu kunakumhlabathi ongavikelekile.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede ephezulu (kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm ukuphakama) kobubanzi obulungele (imvamisa 80 cm).
4. Imibhede efudumele ngesonto ngaphambi kokufakelwa. Umbhede uniselwa ngamanzi ashisayo ngokufakwa kwamalambu amancane noma ama-bird droppings (1-2 izandla ngesandla ngebhakede lamanzi) futhi umbozwe ifilimu.
5. Ukuhlelwa kwama-trellises: ku-greenhouse udinga ukusindisa isikhala. Futhi uma endaweni evulekile hhayi bonke abalimi bekhula ukhukhamba esikweni mpo, endaweni abamba ukushisa le kuyindlela eyamukelwa ngokuvamile.

Ukutshala izithombo ngokwako akuhlukile kunasesimweni senhlabathi engavikelekile futhi kungenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini lisethwe cishe ngo-20 ^mayelanaC.

Ezingadini zokugcina ukhukhamba kumele zinikeze ukusekelwa

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwamakhukhamba

Kumakhukhamba, uhlelo lwezimpande lutholakala ekujuleni kuka-5 kuya ku-25 cm. Ngokunyuka komoya okushisa futhi kungabikho mvula, iziqongo zoma ngokushesha, ngakho ukhukhamba badinga ukuthambisa njalo ngamanzi afudumele ngosuku elangeni. Ukhukhamba ziniselwa ngezikhathi zakusihlwa, imvamisa zonke ezinye izinsuku. Kungcono ukunisela ngenkasa yokunisela ngaphandle kwe-strainer ukuze amanzi angaqhekeka futhi angaweli emacembe. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi idinga ukukhululwa kancane, futhi uma kunesidingo, izitshalo kufanele zidonswe phezulu. Njalo silwa nokhula.

Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesihlanu leqiniso, nciza lesi sitshalo ukuze kudaleke amahlumela aseceleni, lapho inqwaba yesitshalo ikhula khona. Kuliqiniso, kuma-nzalo amaningi wesimanje, ukunamathisela iminwe kungakhethwa, kodwa ngeke kulimaze.

Lapho amakhukhamba eqala ukuqhakaza, ukuncipha kwawo kokuqala kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-nitrophoska (30-35 g ngebhakede lamanzi) bese uthele okungenani ingilazi yesisombululo esinjalo ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa lapho bebona ukuthi ngemuva kokukhula okunobungane kwezithelo, imivimbo ebonakalayo yehlisa ijubane ukukhula futhi ukuqhela kwezithelo kufiphele.

Kulula kakhulu ukutshala ukhukhamba kuma-trellises, kepha azihlali zigibela lapho umnikazi angathanda, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukuthumela imivimbo futhi kwesinye isikhathi uze ubophe. Ukuvuna kumele kususwe ngokuhlelekile, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukhukhamba uzophuma, bese ama-ovari amasha eyeka ukwakha.

Ungavumeli ukhukhamba ukuthi wedlulele, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sizokwehla kakhulu

Izifo nezinkinga ekukhuleni izithombo zamakhukhamba

Lapho kukhula izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuthobela yonke imithetho ngokuya ngokushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama wenhlabathi. Uma kukhona okwaphukile, izifo zingenzeka, ngesinye isikhathi ziphela ngokufa okuphelele kwezithombo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelula izithombo ngeke kuthathwe njengesifo, kepha kungalahleka noma ngabe ngenxa yalesi sinqumo esingenangozi ngokuphelele, okulula kakhulu ukusigwema. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze izitshalo zingatambanuli, kwanele ukugeza amafasitela.

Izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezithombo zingafaka:

• kuphuzi kwamaqabunga;
• ukuncipha kokuqina;
• amapheshana asontekile;
• ukwethuka;
• amacembe abuna.

Kuwona womabili la mazwe, kunzima ukukhomba isifo esithile, ngoba zingaba ziningi, kanti nezimpawu zivame ukugcwala. Lonke uhlu olungenzeka lubukeka luhlaba umxhwele:

• umlenze omnyama;
• ukubola kwezimpande;
• ukubola okumhlophe;
• I-Fusarium
• i-powdery hlobo;
• i-mosaic emhlophe.

Lokhu kude kuzo zonke izifo, futhi ekuxilongeni nasekuphekeni izithombo kubalulekile ukuthi ungene ezincwadini: kwezinye izikhathi, ungazama ukusindisa izitshalo, kepha kaningi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ekhaya zibukeka kanjena.

Ukhukhamba izithombo ziyawa futhi wilt

Lokhu akusona njalo isifo. Mhlawumbe izitshalo zimane azinakho ukukhanya okwanele. Kuyadingeka ukubeka isibani esinamandla se-fluorescent phezu kwabo, futhi konke kungbuyela kokujwayelekile. Mhlawumbe izihlahla esezikhulile sezivele zigqashula enye nenye, khona-ke izingilazi zidinga ukuhleleka ngokukhululeka.

Ngeshwa, kunezizathu eziningi zokutshala kwe-seedling, kepha kwezinye izikhathi kusengasizwa

Kuyiqiniso, ukuncipha kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo nokuntuleka komswakama, khona-ke izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi akanawo umsoco owanele, okusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukufaka umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi emanzini wokunisela. Kepha-ke noma kusuka ekunciphiseni izakhamzimba, ngendlela engejwayelekile ngokwanele, izithombo zingafa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka futhi ukuyihaba ngokweqile kulolu daba.

Endabeni yeFusarium wilt, okungukuthi, isifo esiyingozi, ngeshwa, usizo ngeke lusaba khona. Kepha noma kunjalo, ungazama ukufakelwa izitshalo eziqala ukuwela emhlabathini omusha.

Kungani amaqabunga ezithombo ephenduka aphuzi?

Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi angakhombisa uhla lwezinkinga: kusukela ekungahambisaneni nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuya kwezifo eziyingozi. Ekhaya, imvamisa amaqabunga aphuzi ngenxa yomhlabathi ompofu, lapho kunokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen okuyisisekelo. Uma kunjalo, ukufafaza isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-urea ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga kungasindisa lesi simo. Kodwa i-yellowing yenzeka hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, kodwa ngenxa yokungalingani okungafanele kwazo zonke izakhamzimba, futhi akukho lutho olungenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa.

Izithombo eziphuzi azihlali njalo ziyisifo, kwesinye isikhathi umane akanakho ukondleka okwanele

Ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kungenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, futhi futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo. Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukulungisa. Ezinye izizathu zokuphuzi kwezithombo ziyahlukahluka kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuzimboza endabeni emfushane.

Kuthiwani uma kuvela izinambuzane

Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zamakhukhamba yilezi:

• ama-melon aphid;
• izintuthwane
• i-gall nematode;
• ama-whiteflies;
• izicabucabu.

Kodwa-ke, ihlasela izitshalo engadini kuphela, futhi zingangena kuphela ekhaya ngenhlabathi, okungenzeki ngokulungiselela ukuhlwanyela okufanele. Ekhaya, izibungu ezincane ze-minimbola eziququda ezimpandeni ezincane zezithombo nazo zingatholakala. Kunoma yikuphi, ama-insecticides ahlukahlukene ayasebenza ngokulwa nezinambuzane, okuyindawo yonke kunazo zonke okuyi-Actara.

Ividiyo: sitshala izithombo zamakhukhamba engadini

Ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba akuyona njalo into eyisibopho, baphendukela kuyo ukuze bathole izilimo zangaphambili. Njengoba inqwaba yamakhukhamba ingatholakala ekuhlwanyeleni ngokuqondile imbewu engadini, emndenini ojwayelekile kwanele ukuba ukhule kungabi ngaphezu kwamakhophi amaningi ezithombo. Wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo uyakwazi ukukhokhela, futhi akunzima ukwenza lokhu.