Umuthi we-peach ungenye yamasiko endala kunazo zonke umuntu azilima. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo sesitshalo sakhula kuphela emazweni afudumele angaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa iminyaka eminingi, amaphikishi asetshalwe futhi akhula nathi.
Lokhu kwakungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezibandayo zalezi zithelo ezihlwabusayo zavuthwa. Naphezu kwalokhu, umuthi we-peach usengumkhuba we-thermophilic futhi obuthakathaka obudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa. Yingakho kuyadingeka ukumsiza ngokunakekelwa nokudla kahle.
Ake siqale ngenhlabathi
Ngomuthi ngamunye ensimini, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele lapho uzotshalwa khona, futhi ukuthola ukuthi kufanele yini umhlaba engadini. Lokhu kuthonywa uhlobo lomhlabathi, indawo, ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuzala kwenhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi ukuzimisela isayithi lokutshala esikhathini esizayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula amaphuzu amaningana okubaluleke kakhulu: isitshalo sithinta kanjani le nhlabathi, wazi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama wayo, kanye nobubanzi nokujula kokukhula kwe-rhizome ngokwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlabathi yindawo engenhla enhlabathini lapho cishe wonke umthamo wezimpande nezitshalo zitholakala khona.
Inhlabathi iqukethe ukukhanya kwenhlabathi, impahla engokwenyama kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okungafani nokuzala. Iphinde ithinte kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kanye nemvelo yokukhula kwesimiso semithi yezihlahla.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula lokho i-peach ayithandi i-eluhlaza, i-swampy, kanye nezindawo eziphansi. Ngalesi siko, kutuswa ukuba ukhethe ikhoneni elingeningizimu lesayithi, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo ilungile futhi ivikelwe emoyeni. I-peach itshalwe kude ibanga elingamamitha amathathu ukusuka kwezinye izindawo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi emva kwama-strawberries, i-clover, i-alfalfa, i-melon kanye nezitshalo ezizimele, ama-peaches awahlwanywanga esikhundleni sokuhluma kwawo kwangaphambili iminyaka engu-3-4. Kubonakala kabi esihlahleni, futhi singagula.
Iya kumanyolo
Ukuphumelela kokukhula nokuhluma komuthi, ngokujwayelekile, kuxhomeke kokuqukethwe kwezakhi zokulandelela ezweni elihlala kulo. Phakathi neminyaka, izakhi kanye nezindlela zokulandelela ezisenhlabathini ziyomile, okuyinto ekuphumela ekuholeni komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ensimini idinga sonke isikhathi ukondla futhi ugeze.
Izakhi ezithinta ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhiqiza izitshalo zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zihlanganisa ama-macronutrients. Lezi zihlanganisa carbon, hydrogen, oksijeni, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfure, iron, magnesium. Okunye okuhlukahlukene kuyindlela yokulandelela. Lezi zihlanganisa ithusi, ama-manganese, i-boron, i-molybdenum, i-zinc, i-cobalt nezinye. Ama-macronutrients, njengombuso, sebenzisa okungaphezu kwezinto zokulandelela. I-peach ayiyona ingenangqondo kakhulu futhi ayidingi ngokukhethekile ukudla okuphilayo. Kodwa nokho, njengezilimo eziningi ze-horticultural, kudinga ukugcinwa kwesitoreji samaminerali ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuvuna kwonyaka.
Izihlahla zomuthi zidla ngokuyisisekelo kusukela emhlabathini ngesimo se-aqueous, i-oxygen ne-carbon etholakala emoyeni. Isici esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi yi-humus (isuquko senqubo yokubola kwezinsalela eziphilayo). Nge-humus, inhlabathi ibumnyama futhi ivundile kakhulu, futhi izakhi zalo zamakhemikhali, eziphilayo kanye nezomzimba zanda. I-Humus iqoqa ngokudla njalo umhlaba ngama-fertilizer ephilayo, kanye nokukhipha umhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala umhlabathi ukhula, ulungiselela umhlabathi wokutshala umuthi omncane. Umuthi we-peach uyisitshalo eseningizimu esivela kuwo othanda ukufudumala futhi awunamatheli emaconsi aqinile ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, leli peach lihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, endaweni ethile phakathi no-Ephreli, lapho umhlaba uncibilikile futhi umile.
Ngalesi sizathu, ngisho nangokuwa, amasonto ayisithupha ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala, lungise umgodi wokutshala. I-Humus noma i-compost ifakwa kuyo inani elingu-15-25 kg, i-nitrogenous, i-phosphoric kanye ne-micronutrient fertilizer - cishe i-100-300 g ngayinye. Konke lokhu kuxubene kahle nenqamu ephezulu evundile yomhlaba futhi ithululelwe enqwabeni emgodini ophansi. Umgogodla uqhutshwa phakathi nendawo yomgodi, lapho ngemuva kokutshala isithombo kuhlanganiswe.
Emva kokutshala imbewu, i-rhizome yayo isakazwa ezinhlangothini zendaba enjalo futhi ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi engezansi, kuyilapho ihlanganiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umgodi omncane ne-roller kwenziwa eduze komgodi.okuzobamba umswakama. Umhlabathi unamanzi amaningi futhi uphuphule nge-sawdust, amaqabunga, i-peat (cishe u-5-10 cm ubukhulu).
Ukuzala kwenhlabathi ensimini kumele kugcinwe ngokwenza amaminerali kanye neziqu eziphilayo. Izihlahla zezithelo ikakhulu zidinga i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. I-nitrogen ithinta ukukhula kwemifino nokubunjwa kwezithelo. Inani elikhulu liyadingeka entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga ekhula ngamandla, amahlumela nezithelo ziboshwe. Ama-nitrojeni nama-fertilizer ephilayo asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Kuze kube sekupheleni, entwasahlobo ngayinye i-ammonium nitrate ingezwa emibuthanweni eseduze.
Ukukhipha i-potassium kusuka carbon carbon kusukela emoyeni kanye ne-nitrogen emhlabeni kuxhomeke ku-potassium; futhi kwandisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi nesimo sezulu esomile. Ukufaka umanyolo we-Potash kwenziwa ngosizo lwamanyolo wamaminerali we-potash, noma i-ash ash, equkethe u-10% walesi sici. I-ash igcinwa ekhoneni elomile futhi isetshenziswe enhlabathini unyaka wonke.
I-Phosphorus ihilelekile ekuhlukaneni kwamaseli kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo, futhi iyakuthinta ukwakheka kwemifino, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo. Ukugqoka i-phosphate kunomthelela omkhulu ebukhulu besitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yayo, okungukuthi ubumnandi nokuphepha kwesithelo. Isixazululo sokusebenza se-phosphorus sisetshenziselwa amaqabunga e-peach ngaphambi kokusila, ekushiseni kwemoya okungabi ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-25.
Amanyolo ewusizo kakhulu enhlabathini umquba, umquba, i-slurry kanye nesitshalo semifino eluhlaza. Zonke zihlukaniswa njengama-fertilizer eziphilayo. Bacebisa umhlabathi ngezakhi, bakhulise imimoya yamanzi namanzi, isimo somzimba, futhi banikeze nezihlahla nge carbon dioxide. Zenziwa njalo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwezithelo ezithwele izihlahla.
Enhlabathini evundile Ukudla okunomsoco kwenziwa njalo emva kweminyaka emibilifuthi lapho inhlabathi ihluphekile - njalo ngonyaka. Zilethe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngokumba ngaphakathi ekwindla. Ukuze ucebise umhlaba ngezakhi zomzimba futhi ugcine isakhiwo somhlabathi ngomquba ohlaza, utshani utshani buhlwanyelwa njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3 engadini. Endabeni yezidakamizwa eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali ngesikhathi esisodwa, izitshalo ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zisetshenziswa ngesigamu semali.
Futhi okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana ne-peach spring pruning
Ngezinzuzo zokukhulula inhlabathi
Isiqephu somhlaba lapho umuthi we-peach uzohlwanyelwa khona, kanye nanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wensimu, uqale ukhiqizwa, ukhululiwe ezihlahleni, amatshe amakhulu kanye neziqu, uma kukhona. Okulandelayo, ukukhiqiza, okuthiwa yi-plantage, i.e. bamba ukujula kwenhlabathi ka 70-75 cm.
Umhlabathi ovundile kakhulu ukhawulela ngaphansi kwegama le-plane-planar, kusho ukumba ukujula komhlabathi ka-45-50 cm.
Ngaphezu kokulima, ukuze ukwandise ukufinyelela kwemoya emhlabathini, njalo ngonyaka ensimini yenza ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi kukhululeka. Inhloso yokukhulula ukususwa komhlaba odoti kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, futhi ukungena kwenhlabathi esikhundleni salowo kusetshenziselwa ama-humus ngokufaka umquba noma umquba.
Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wokukhulula ukwandisa ukufinyelela emoyeni emhlabathini nokubhubhisa inhlabathi, nokubhubhisa amahlumela nezimpande zokhula. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yempande ye-peach kufanele ihlonywe ukhula oluhlukahlukene, ukukhululeka kuyasetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nabo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula lokho Inhlabathi evame ukukhululeka kakhulu iyanciphisa ukukhuphuka futhi ikhulise ukungena kwamanzi. Bafeza lezi zisebenzi ensimini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, besebenzisa izinyosi, abalimi kanye nama-hoppers.
Yiya ekutheni
Amanzi yiyona nto ebaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke. Kubalulekile kakhulu izilwane nezitshalo. Kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi umswakama kufanele ube ncamashi njengoba isitshalo sidla. Umswakama ongaphezulu, kanye nokwanele okwanele, kuholele ekufeni kwemithi.
Ukunisela kwensimu yezithelo kwenziwa njalo futhi kuningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesomiso (cishe isikhathi esingu-1 izinsuku eziyisikhombisa). Emva kwakho konke, ngokubambisana nokunisela, umanyolo uhlinzeka ngomphumela ophumelelayo kakhulu. I-Peach Tree is okwanele isiko esingamelana nesomiso, kodwa isivuno esihle zezithelo zawo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuchelela okufika ngesikhathi. Yingakho kusetshenziselwa amanzi ngokushesha emva kokutshala. Kulokhu, amabhakede amanzi angu-4-5 adluliselwa endaweni engaphansi.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela kwezithelo zezithelo zamapayipi, ukunqwabelana kwezitshalo akunakuxolelwa. Umswakama okhulayo uholela ekwenzeni ukulingana okwanele futhi kuphazamise umsebenzi obalulekile we-rhizome yomuthi.
Ukuchelela insimu ye-peach yenza okhethekile ama-grooves-ububanzi buka-8-10 cm, ubude obungadluli ku-60-80 m, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo lingama-30-40 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, omunye umdwebo onjalo unobumba ohlangothini ngalunye emigqeni ngayinye yemithi yensimu encane, kanti imifula engu-3-4 ilandelana ngodonga ngamunye.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukuchelela kwamapayipi kunziwe izikhathi eziningana, owokuqala - ngaphambi kokusakaza, cishe izinsuku ezingu-10. Khona-ke izihlahla ziphuziswa ngezikhathi ezithile entwasahlobo kanye nehlobo lonke, kuye ngokuthi inani lemvula.
Ukudubula kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunakekelweni komuthi.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekunakekeleni kwentwasahlobo yomuthi we-peach ukusika izihlahla namagatsha. Ikhiqizwa, njengomthetho, njalo ngonyaka. Ngakho susa amagatsha, futhi kushukumise ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela amasha.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sale nqubo kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi). Lesi yisikhathi lapho kungekho khona ingozi yokubuya kwamaqhwa ebusika, okuholela ekuqedeni kabusha kwesihlahla. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya ligcwele ama-degrees angama -18 kanti ingxenye yezinso ziqhwa, ukusika izihlahla kudluliselwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo - ngalesi sikhathi izinga leqhwa kanye nenani lamagatsha adingekayo ukusika lizobonakala kangcono.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinso ezengeziwe zilimale esihlahleni, zibuthakathaka ziyakuthena, futhi ngokufanayo.
Umgomo wokusika izihlahla zama-peaches amancane futhi ukwakhiwa komqhele wesitshalo kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwe-ovary yesithelo kuso. I-peach ingadliwa kuphela esimweni esishisayo nesomile..
Iya ekuvikelweni kwe-peach
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, umuthi we-peach udinga ukuvikelwa emaqanda, elangeni, ezinambuzane nezifo. Lokho okuyingozi kulesi sitshalo nokuthi sikuvikela kanjani futhi sivikele ngalezi zithonya, manje sitshela.
Sivikela kusukela elangeni
Umuthi we-peach uthanda ukushisa kwelanga nokukhanya, lezi zakhi ezimbili zibalulekile kakhulu ekukhuleni okuhle nokuvunwa okuningi. I-peach isitshalwe kude nemithi emide nemide ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mthunzi womuthi omncane. Ibanga kwezinye izitshalo akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu.
Uma lesi simo singagcwaliseki, futhi isihlahla sivulekile, izinkuni zamahlumela abancane ngeke zivuthwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwekwindla, ukuhluma kwemifino kuzohlwanyelwa kahle, okuzokwenza ukuthi kunciphise isivuno, izinga lezithelo kanye nokufa kwesitshalo ngokwaso.
Sivikela lesi sihlahla emakhazeni
I-Peach imelana nokubandayo kanye neqhwa phansi kuya ku--25 degrees. Kodwa ukhohlwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo eseningizimu asidingekile.
I-Peach umuthi u-thermophilic kakhulu futhi ingafisa ebusika. Ukuqubuka kwemifino emithini kanye ne-rhizome kunomthelela kakhulu wokushisa. Ukwazi lokhu kusukela ekuqaleni, ukukhula okuphephile nokuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwalesi siko, khetha indawo efanele yokutshala isihlahla. Kumele kukhanyiswe ilanga futhi kuvikelwe emoyeni.
Kunconywa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngaseningizimu, ngaphansi kwanoma yiluphi udonga noma ucingo, oluzohlinzekela ukushisa okwengeziwe emthini, nokuyivikela ekuphefumulweni okuqinile emoyeni nasemakhazeni.
Ukuthuthukiswa okunethezeka kakhulu nokukhula komuthi we-peach lapho utshala kuyadingeka ukugwema izindawo ezingekho phansi, umoya obandayo okhulayo, kanye nezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi lapho inhlabathi inamanzi khona.
Ukulwa nezilokazane nezifo
Izitha eziyinhloko zamapayipi zihlanganisa izinambuzane nezifo ezithile. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sihlahla sesithelo zihlanganisa amaqabunga ama-curl, monilioz, blister, isikhutha se-powdery. Izinambuzane ezivame ukwesaba isitshalo esinikeziwe zihlanganisa i-aphid, i-weevil yezimbali, izibungu, inundu yase-oriental, izithelo zensimbi.
Ukulwa nabo ukuqhuba ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi esifanele, ngokufanele nangendlela efanele ukwakha uhlelo lokuvikelwa.
Ukuze uvimbele izinambuzane ukuba zingeneli, indawo yensimu idinga ukugcinwa ihlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ukhula luvaliwe emasimini, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimilayo, izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane zidalwe, ikakhulukazi ama-aphid.
Ukhula lusetshenziswa yizinambuzane njengezitshalo eziphakathi kanye nokudla, ngakho zisuswe, zifakwe noma zibuthe ngosizo lwezokwelapha. Kuyaqinisekile umuthi kufanele ususweokhula eduze nomsuka, njengakuwo, ezimweni eziningi, izinhlobo eziningi ze-aphid zikhula. Ngenhloso efanayo, yenza ukuhlanzwa kwamagxolo asele esihlahleni nasemagatsheni omzimba.
Ayithandi izinambuzane ezisondezayo kanye namanyolo wamaminerali. Amaminerali akhulisa ukucindezelwa kwesisindo samaseli emthini, futhi lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuba izinambuzane zidle. Ukuphikiswa kwensimu ukulimala kwandisa umanyolo we-phosphate-potassium.
Ngenhloso yokuvikela ukuvikela izihlahla ezivela ezifweni eziningi ezibalwe kanye nezinambuzane, ukukhiqiza izihlahla, ukususwa kwamagatsha abathintekile, ukubhujiswa kwezithelo ezibolile, ezigulayo futhi ushiya, ukwelashwa kwamagundane.
Ukupheka i-peach ebusika
Ukulungiselela insimu ebusika kuqala ekwindla. Izihlahla zibheke ngokucophelela, ngesikhathi esifanayo zisusa amagatsha aphukile, izithelo ezomile, lapho izifo eziningi zigcinwa khona futhi izinambuzane zifana nobusika. Khona-ke isiko le-peach liphathwa nge-Borodian 3% yamanzi, kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, ukugcwalisa umuthi ngokwanele umswakama ebusika, kumele kuphuziswa.
Njalo eduze peach is mulch kuvuna. Ngesikhathi ama-frosts aqinile, angavikela i-rhizome nomuthi ngokwawo ekuqhenqeni, kepha hhayi ngaphambili, njengoba kuhlangana ngokufudumala, isimo sezulu esimanzi singabangela ukubola komsamo omkhulu futhi kusengene ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal.
Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukumboza ukukhishwa kwe-peach. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinaliti zephayini, amagatsha ase-spruce nezinye izinto ezifanele zisasebenza kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokuvikela umuthi ebunzima bebusika futhi kuwuvikele emazingeni okushisa aphansi okwenzeka entwasahlobo.
Yithanda ingadi yakho futhi unakekele izakhamuzi zayo. Bese-ke bazokuvuza ngokuthokoza ngokuvuna okumnandi, okunempilo nokuchichima.
