Inqubo yokutshala izitshalo nezitshalo zensimu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela izitshalo ezinkingeni zemvelo ezingenzeka. Usiza kulokhu, ikakhulukazi, I-mulch iyisendlalelo esithinta ubuso bomhlaba eduze kokutshala imifino kanye namakhabe, amabhisikidi, izihlahla zezithelo noma izimbali. Labo abafuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi i-mulch nokuthi bayilungisa kanjani kufanele bajwayele umbhalo ohlongozwayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba: kuyini?
Ngokulinganisa, ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kuyindlela yokuvuna okucebile. Ngolimi lwe-agrotechnical Ukuhlanganisa imishini kusho ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela inhlabathi elula futhi ephumelelayo ekhuthaza ukutshala okutshalwe yimpumelelo.th. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukucacisa ngokucacile umqondo we "mulki": kuyini? I-mulch iqondwa ukuthi iyinhlangano ehambisanayo noma ingxube yezinto ezivela emvelaphi ehlukile, okuyinto, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezici zazo ezifanele, kufanelekile ukuvikela inhlabathi esetshenziselwa izitshalo ezikhulayo. Manje kungenzeka, ukuphendukela efonini elithi "mulching inhlabathi", ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kuyini. Ngaphandle kokwazi ngempela ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukutshala umhlabathi noma, uma kulula ukwenza umquba, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqhubeke nezenzo ezingokoqobo, ngoba kunengozi yokulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa kokukhula kakade noma izitshalo ezizayo kuphela.
Ziyini izinzuzo zenhlabathi ehlanganiswa e-dacha
Uma singanaki iqiniso lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi i-mulch isetshenziswa njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa, ezinye izakhiwo zayo ziyancishiswa kakhulu kumisebenzi yokuzivikela:
- plant ukuhlushwa system izimpande ngenxa yesondlo emhlabathini wezinga elidingekayo lomswakama (ukuze umquba umhlabathi ukugcina umswakama kuwo) kanye ne-asidi, izinga lokushisa kanye nomklamo wezakhi (kufaka phakathi izibungu zomhlaba, ezikhulula inhlabathi);
- ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo ezilinywa kusuka hypothermia emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nokhula (ngenxa yokuvimbela ukukhula kwawo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlabathi ogcwele umbola awuqinisi ngendlela yokukhuphuka, futhi izitshalo ezikhulayo noma izitshalo zivikelwe ekungcoleni.
Izinhlobo zenhlabathi ehlanganiswayo, yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngenqubo (eziphilayo nezemibala)
I-Classical yi-classification ye-mulch ngokusho kobunjwa bayo ibe yizinto eziphilayo nezimilayo. Naphezu kokuthi umquba unemvelaphi yemvelo, ngezinye izikhathi uhlukaniswe ibe isigaba esithile se-mulch. Njengoba unomsoco okhulu kakhulu ekutshaleni izimila, umquba unomthelela ekukhuliseni umhlaba futhi uvimbela ubuso bawo ukuba bube yi-crust. Abaningi bezazi bakholelwa ukuthi, ngenxa yesizathu esihle, ukuthi ukuthungatha inhlabathi nakho kungabizwa ngokuthi i-mulching.
Uyazi? Ukuze uxoxwe, ungasebenzisa ngisho namagobolondo ase-walnut nezinhlamvu ze-sunflower.Ukunciphisa umzimba kuhlale kubhekwa njengento eyinhloko, ngoba umphumela wayo, ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganise ne-sawdust, ama-shavings kanye namagxolo, umhlabathi kufanele uphathwe ngomquba, indwangu noma urea ukugwema ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana nesifiso, okushiwo kulo mongo utshani utshani ovamile. Ukuthola usizo oluphansi kunomquba olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, izitshalo ezinotshani, ukonga izakhi, kanyekanye kuyisithiyo sokukhukhula komhlabathi.Ngokuqhubekayo ngendlela yokudonsa inhlabathi, ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust
I-Sawdust ivikela ngokuphelele izitshalo kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane, ama-slugs, okwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuhamba. Ezinzuzo ezingenakunqotshwa zalesi sihloko, sibheka ukusebenzelana kwazo okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ukukhanya komoya omuhle kakhulu, okuvumela inhlabathi "ukuphefumula" ngokukhululekile, ubukhulu bengubo, ngenxa yalokho ama-microorganisms athuthuka ngokunamandla endaweni enhlabathini engaphezulu aphendulele i-sawdust ibe yisisindo somhlabathi ovundile. Utamatisi namazambane, njalo ehlushwa ukushisa komhlabathi, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-sawdust ehlobo elomile.
Kubalulekile! I-Vypryanie izitshalo lapho i-sawdust mulching yenhlabathi ivinjelwe ngokulawula ukuthi i-sawdust ayitholakali.
Hay kanye netshani
Abayithandi ama-slugs kanye namagatsha, okufana ne-mulch kuhle kakhulu emibhedeni yasensimu. Ubukhulu bokuqala obuyi-15 cm ububanzi bomunyu bubekwe ngokwemvelo ngamathathu. Uhlobo lubuye lube yinto ecebile yokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwemigqa yensimu kanye nokukhosela inhlabathi lapho izihlahla zikhula khona. Kulabo abahola umndeni omkhulu ngokwanele akukho inkinga ethile lapho uthola khona utshani noma ufulawa wokubuthana. Okunye kuzodingeka kuthengwe - ukukhiqiza okuhle, okukhulu kakhulu kwezolimo kungakwazi ukuthola okunye.
Ungasebenzisa i-mulching ne-hay nobuningi obuhlaza. ngotshani oluhlwanyelwe nokhula olukhula nokhula (okungenakuhlushwa kwezinhlamvu). Izici zenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla zibonisa ukuthi ungqimba oluvikelayo luzophuma entanyeni yezintambo ezidinga ukoma ovulekile. Ngokuvamile, i-microflora engaphezulu ngeke idale umonakalo wezimpande zemithi ezigxile kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, izitshalo ezimboza umhlaba (ukuhlanganiswa nge-sifting), ezitshalwe ngendlela yomtshani futhi ezikwazi ukubekezelela kalula umthunzi wemvelo owenziwe umqhele womuthi, zizofaneleka lapha.
Uyazi? Ngokwenza i-mulching ngokusebenzisa i-clover emhlophe, ungakwazi ukukhipha kanye nokhula nezimpungushe ze-beetle ye-May kanyekanye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-peat ku-mulching
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-peat njengendlela yokubeka ungqimba ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi ngokuguguleka komoya, kusukela ekuwohlokeni kwezimfanelo zalo ezivundile ngokusebenzisa i-leaching yezinto ezithinta lezi zimfanelo, kusukela e-flora e-pathogenic engalungile. I-peach mulch ayidingi ukuhlanzwa okufakelwayo, ukungena emhlabathini, ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch kusuka ku-peat ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle ama-raspberry nezihlahla, ezifuna njalo umswakama, okugcinwe kahle nge-peat. Cishe isigamu senyanga ngemuva kokuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile wezithombo zotamatisi etshalwe lapho, inhlabathi nayo ihlanganiswe ne-peat. Ekugcineni, basebenzisa izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zesakhiwo se-peat efanelwe, okwenza kube lula ukulahla okukhangayo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Mulchirovochny sideratami futhi buhlwanyelwe utshani
Ubusika obusika, kuhlanganise nezimbambo ezikhulekele ngokukhethekile, ngenxa yendawo yayo emoyeni ovuthayo oshiswa yilanga, ngokushesha ususa kakhulu umswakama equkethe. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu inqubo yokubola. Ngaphansi kokuqothulwa kwemvula ekwindla, kuqiniswe kakade ensimini yemifino, engenalutho lokuvuna. Ngenxa yokubanda kwasebusika nasekwindla, entwasahlobo umninikhaya uthola umanyolo omusha wemvelo emibhedeni.
Njengoba sekuqondile ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukulungisa umquba ovela ebusweni ehlobo-ekwindla, kumele ngithi lokho okubizwa okuthiwa yi-spring-springing (ngokushesha emva kokunyamalala kwesembozo seqhwa) ukutshala izitshalo ezikwazi ukukhula okusheshayo nakho kuyasetshenziswa. Ukuhlanganiswa ngisho nangaphambi kokutshala kukaMeyi kwamakhukhamba, izitshalo ze-zucchini noma ezinye izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa endle zenziwa ngokusebenzisa, isibonelo, isinaphi (noma omunye umquba ohlaza), onesikhathi sokuqoqa inani elikhulu lemifino, elibhekwayo futhi lisetshenziswe njenge-mulch (ungakwazi ukwengeza zibe umquba). Ukushiya izimpande emhlabathini bese wenza ukuthi izinyoni ezincane zensimu "zisebenze" nazo, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokugubha ubukhulu obuhlaza obunzima, ungaqala ukutshala isiko elihlosiwe. Ukunambitheka kwamakhukhamba, iklabishi ephuzile kanye neminye imifino enomquba oluhlaza uyophumelela uma:
- umhlabathi wokutshala imbewu uzoba manzi futhi ukhululekile, kanti imbewu ngokwayo iyoyithinta ingxenye enkulu (kudingeka udinga kancane);
- kuyokwazi ukuvikela izinto ezihlwanyelwe imbewu ezivela ezinyoni (izinyoni zokulimaza zisasebenza);
- ukugaya kuyokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza okweqile futhi kwakha kabi iziqu ezinzima;
- inqubo yokuxubana ngeke iwonakele inhlabathi nge microflora enenzuzo.
Kubalulekile! Ukungasebenzisi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sideratov emndenini owodwa wesitshalo ngesitshalo esiyinhloko kuzovikela lesi sifo kusuka ezifweni ezihlobene.
Izici ze-mulching ifilimu nezendwangu
Ukuqubuzana okungahleliwe kuhlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi yokuzivikela uma kungahlanganiswa nesitshalo sokudla. Ama-inorganics asetshenzisiwe angahle ahlukaniswe ngokomthetho kanje: - amaphepha amafilimu amnyama (ngezinye izikhathi), kanye nephepha nekhadibhodi;
- amatshe (itshe elichotshoziwe, amatshe, amatshe, njll);
- i-claydite.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokuhlobisa nokusetshenziswa, njengoba zikwazi ukuhlobisa ngokuphelele ingadi noma ukubunjwa kwezwe, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukusebenza komhlaba okudingekayo ngezikhathi ezithile ezihlobene nokutshala izilimo zezitshalo nezitshalo. Ubumba obunwetshiwe lubuye lube nesakhiwo esibuthakathaka futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuncike ekutheni kube nezinhlayiya ezincane.
Ifilimu emnyama ivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenqubo yokulungiselela i-mulch. Ikhangisa ikhono layo lokugcina umswakama ngokugcwele futhi livimbele ukuthuthukiswa kokhula. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi empeleni, kuyisici esisodwa esisetshenziswayo, esiza ngaphansi kwelanga ukungaqiniseki kwenkathi yonke. Uma ukhetha ukusetshenziswa kwe-movie mulching, kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela: - uhlelo oluyokwenziwa ngalo ukutshala kwezimila ezihlwanyelwe (ukuqhuma noma izimbobo zokugqoka);
- izinyathelo zokulwa nezikhwama eziqoqwa ngaphansi kwefilimu;
- ikhono lokutshala izitshalo liye landa ngokweqile ekushiseni okushisayo ngokweqile ngendwangu yamabhayisikobho.
Kubalulekile! Ukumboza ifilimu kusuka elangeni ngendwangu encane yomchamo (noma hay), ungangandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo izinkathi eziningana.Ehlanganiswe ngamatshe, ukuze angaphambukisi umbono we-esesthetic, le filimu isalokhu inamathele enhlabathini engadini ye-rock, lapho ivimbela ukhula ukuba lukhule.
Izinto zokwakha ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-polypropylene fiber ziba zivamile nakakhulu kubasebenzisi bomhlaba abasebenzisa i-mulching. Ngenxa yokuthi ishibhile esincane futhi izinga elihle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwelanga, sekuye kwaziwa kabanzi geotextiles hhayi ukunikeza noma yimuphi ithuba lokusinda ukhula oluwela ngaphansi kwengubo yalo.
Ukuxubha ngamagxolo nezinsipho
Ama-chips namagxolo, ikakhulukazi avela ku-birch noma i-oak, banokulinganiselwa okuthile ekusebenziseni kwabo ukuxhuma, okuhlobene nokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukudluliselwa kwama-tannins enhlabathini kunganciphisa ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, emibhedeni yasensimu, ezinye izinto ziyadingeka, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-coniferous (i-spruce, i-cypress, njll.), Engesabi ngomphumela we-tannic, engeza ngokuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni ngenxa ye-acidification yenhlabathi ekhulayo kuyo. Ukuze izitshalo ze-coniferous zenzelwe ukwandisa umsoco wazo, kungenzeka ukuthi unyakaze njalo umhlabathi ngomquba.
Ukuphikisana okujulile ekunciphiseni ama-bark kuyinhlanganisela yobukhulu obuhle kuwo uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okungenasisindo kanye nokwanda okwenziwe yi-phytoncides, okuhlanza imvelo ezivela ezincane ezincane ezingadingeki nezinambuzane. I-bark mulch yenza kube yindalo yemvelo yombuthano ozungeza isihlahla.
Lapho ukhetha izinkuni zezinkuni kudingeka ukubuka usayizi ohlongozwayo. Njenga-sawdust, imfucumfucu yamapulangwe ngendlela ye-chips ngokwemvelo idlula ibe yisimo se-humus, ngaphambi kokubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi yokulondoloza ukudinga okudingekayo kanye nomswakama womhlabathi nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwe-microflora edingekayo esitshalweni.
Ukuxuba amaqabunga ama-humus
Ukuwa kwamaqabunga ngisho ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe kungasetshenziswa ukuvikela inhlabathi. Kodwa okudingekayo lokhu ukungabi namithi, okuwa kuwo, izifo ezibangelwa i-fungus, ngaphandle kwalokho yonke indawo ingathinteka yizinhlamvu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu kungenzeka, amahlamvu akhethwa ukuba asetshenziswe njengengxenye yomquba, ikakhulukazi njengoba inani laso lokudla okunomsoco lingenakuzaza. Imfucumfucu eyengeziwe isetshenziselwa ukucubungula amaqabunga nje ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe emquba. I-humus Leaf, i-acidic encane hhayi umanyolo, ibeka kahle inhlabathi, ifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo sayo. Ngaphandle kwe-humus yamagilebhisi evuthiwe yokusetshenziswa kwe-mulching futhi eyomile, kanye nengxenye yamahlamvu aphelile.
Sebenzisa izinaliti zephayini zokuxhuma
Imibhede yemifino ivikelwe kahle amapineli izinaliti. Ngokuvamile, izinaliti zephayini ezinjenge-mulch zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo ezihlasela izinambuzane ngezikhathi ezithile (igalikhi ngummeleli owaziwayo). Inkululeko kanye nemvelo yamasinaliti ama-pine (kanye nama-cones, namahlumela, kanye nezingcezu zamagxolo zengeziwe kumathamini), ikhono lalo lokwenza umhlaba ugcwale umswakama, ukuphefumula kahle, ukukhanga okulinganiselwe ngokukhululekile. Lokhu kuqapha kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokuqapha, ngoba umquba onjalo ungadala futhi ukuholela enkingeni ye-agronomic, ukuqinisa kakhulu inhlabathi engadini noma ukucindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezithile.
Imiphumela emihle etholakala lapho i-strawberry mulching iyenziwa ngendaba efana nalokhu izinaliti. Kulesi simo, basindiswa kusuka ku-acidification ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwonyaka we-sitrobheli ngokhuni lomlotha. Ngendlela, ngesikhathi se-fruiting strawberry mulching kwenziwa ngotshani omsulwa ukuze amajikijolo angathinti umhlabathi. Abakhiqizi bakhathazekile kakhulu ngokuthi kukhona okunye okunye okunye okungawusizo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwandisa isivuno saso kuholela emholweni omuhle.
Izici ze-mulching enhlabathini, okudingayo ukwazi ngenqubo ye-agrotechnical
I-mulching agrotechnical isekelwe ekushiseni okuphoqelekile komhlabathi. Isembozo sokufakelwa phezu kwenhlabathi ebandayo (i-organic or inorganic) kuyoholela emphumela omubi - ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. Lo mthetho awusebenzi kumazambane, i-mulch lapho (okuphilayo kuphela) okwenza ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala emhlabathini. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe inhlabathi izikhathi zonyaka ezimbili kubhekwa njengendlela efanele:
1) Inhloso eyinhloko yokubhakabhaka kwentwasahlobo yomswakama ovuthayo ukuvikela isitshalo ekushiseni nokushisa, okungukuthi, emva kokuqedwa kwe-pore ebandayo, kudingeka ulinde kancane;
2) maphakathi noma esigabeni sokugcina sekwindla, ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba okungazange kulungiswe ukuncibilika ngokweqile kwenziwe ngokuyinhloko ukugwema ukulimala noma ukufa kwesitshalo kusukela ebusika. Ukwakhiwa kwezingubo zokuzivikela kumele kulandelwe ngokuhlanza inhlabathi kumkhula (okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokukhulu) nokuyilungisa ngomlotha, isidlo sesifuba noma okunye okulimaza kancane kancane umquba.
Isendlalelo se-mulch asihambisani kuze kube phakade - itshintshwa ngokushesha uma isebenza imisebenzi yayo, ehlangene nayo, ixhunyaniswa nezici zezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Umhlabathi ogcwele umqubhezi udinga ukuchelela okuphawulekayo, okuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba oluvikelekile ngokuphelele olusemhlabathini omanzi. Kusukela kwezinye izici ezizimele zomculo we-mulching, kungaqaphela ukuthi:
- indawo yesikhumbuzo semifino ngaphansi kwemifino kanye nemithi ilinganiselwe ububanzi bomqhele wabo (ukungabali igebe phakathi kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nesiqu);
- Imibhede yasedidi nemifino nemibhede yemifino ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngo-10 cm (u-3 cm ngaphansi) ingqimba;
- Izithombo zemifino zitshalwe emhlabathini uma sezivele zihlanganiswe nefilimu noma izambatho.
Uyazi? Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulching akukhawulelwe esikhaleni esivulekile - sisetshenziselwa izikhala ezifakiwe ngisho nezitshalo ezikhulile ezimbizeni.
Uma uthola ukuthi iyiphi i-mulch futhi ikuphi lapho uthola khona, uma ufunde ngokusemandleni ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani i-mulch, uma wenza yonke inqubo yokulungiselela umquba ngezandla zakho, usuqedile isikhathi uhlanganisa umhlabathi, umsebenzisi womhlaba angasindisa kakhulu ekutheni nasekuseni. Futhi umphumela ngesimo sokuvunwa okuhle kuzomkhumbuza imizamo yokusebenzisa kahle.
