Namuhla, amagilebhisi angenye yezitshalo ezidumile ezakhiweni zethu zasengadini. Uhlu lomhlaba lwezinhlobonhlobo namuhla luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 zalesi sitshalo esihle, zazo eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3 zikhule ku-CIS. Omunye wemisebenzi yokuzalela ukutshala izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ngokuvuthwa kwangoko. Umphumela wezifundo ezinjalo zesayensi kwaba ukuvela kohlobo lokuqala lokuvuthwa kukaJulian.
Umlando wokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi izinhlobo uJulian
Okunhlobonhlobo uJulian wakhuliswa esifundeni saseRostov ngumfuyi wasekhaya uV.U. Kaplyushny ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili ezithandwayo uKesha noRizamat. Kwakuvela kuKesha ukuthi athole inzuzo yakhe eyinhloko - ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwamajikijolo. Futhi kusuka kuRizamat wazuza ukunambitheka okumnandi nokwakheka kwexhaxu.
Incazelo yamagilebhisi kaJulian ahlukahlukene
UJulian luhlobo lwamagilebhisi etafuleni, elibonakaliswa isikhathi sokuvuthwa sokuqala kakhulu. Ukusuka kwezimbali kuya ekuvuneni, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-95 kuphela. Imbali enezimbali ezimbili ayidingi impova yokufakelwa. I-berry eyodwa inesisindo esingama-20 g, iyiqoqo elingama-800-1000 g, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kuze kube ngu-2000. Izithelo ezinjengomunwe zidwetshwe zipinki ngombala ophuzi. Ngokushisa okukhulu elangeni, umbala wamajikijolo uba lula. Isikhumba mncane. Ukunambitheka kumnandi ngokuhambisana nokuqhela okulula. Amajikijolo kaJulian isikhathi eside awalahli isethulo sawo futhi abekezelele ngokuphelele ukuthutha. UJulian uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle esezikhona kwesesibili.
Ividiyo - Izinhlobonhlobo zikaJulian: incazelo, isivuno
Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, enomumo wenhliziyo. Isihlahla somelana neqhwa sihle sifinyelele ku-24 ° C, kepha nokho lokhu kuhlukahluka kuzizwa kahle kakhulu ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele noma esipholile. Akufaneleilibale ukuthi uJulian, yize ayemelana neqhwa, udinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Ukubukeka kwezithelo zikaJulian: igalari yezithombe
- Izithelo zikaJulian zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhle.
- Isisindo seqembu elilodwa kwesinye isikhathi sidlula i-1 kg
- Isisindo se-berry elilodwa sifinyelela ku-20 g
- Emahlathini atshalwe emthunzini, amajikijolo ane umbala onsomi
UJulian usengozini yokucwaswa. Ukumelana nezifo fungal, kufaka phakathi i-oidium ne-isikhutha kuyinto ephakathi.
Izici zokutshala nokuhlakulela izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaJulian
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukusondela ekukhetheni kwezithombo. Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziqinisekisa hhayi kuphela isilinganiso esihle sokusinda, kodwa futhi nokuthambekela okuphansi kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. UJulian ukhuliswa ngosizo lwezithombo zaminyaka yonke noma ngosizo lwokusika komvini waminyaka yonke. Kepha, uma unokukhetha, kungcono ukunikeza isithombo sonyaka.
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala, okokuqala unaka uhlelo lwempande ye-yisithombo. Izimpande ezengeziwe, kulula kakhulu amagilebhisi ukukuvumela ukutshala. Bheka ukuthi izimpande ziyaphila: cela umthengisi ukuthi asike impande eyodwa. Ukusikwa, kufanele kube mhlophe. Izimpande ezimpunga noma ezi-brown brittle ziimpawu zesitshalo esifile.
Esiqwini sesithombo akufanele kube yimiphi iminxa yokulimala ngokomzimba. Yenza isikwena esincane kubhasikidi ngomunwe wakho, imicu ephilayo eluhlaza kufanele ibonakale ngaphansi kwawo, njengasezimpandeni, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isithombo siyaphila futhi sikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Manje ake siqhubeke sihlole izinso. Amehlo kufanele aqine lapho ethintwa. Isikali akufanele sikhishwe, kungaphansi kokuwa.
Namuhla, izithombo zamagilebhisi zivame ukutholakala ezitolo, ezihlanganiswe ngentambo ekhethekile yokuvikela. Iyanciphisa ukuguquguquka, okuvumela ukulondolozwa okungcono kwezinto zokutshala. Futhi, i-wax enjalo inomphumela we-antiseptic wokuvikela. Akunasidingo sokuzama ukukususa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokutshala, akuphazamisi ukusinda kokuxhunyelelwa.
Uma unokukhetha, thenga izithombo ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande. Abalimazi ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla kanti i-priori inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokusinda. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kumagilebhisi, kepha futhi kunoma yisiphi isivuno esitshalwa ngokutshala izinto.
Ilungiselela ukufika
Izithombo zamagilebhisi zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala noma entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokugeleza kwesihlahla.
Okokuqala, bhala izimbobo ezingamasentimitha angama-25 ubukhulu futhi ubenobude obungama-45 cm. Hlanganisa umhlaba kusuka emgodini nesihlabathi kanye ne-humus ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1.
Izimpande ezigoqayo akufanele zigobeke lapho utshala. Uma zinde kakhulu, khona-ke kungcono ukuzisika kube ngosayizi obudingekayo. Ungakhathazeki, le nqubo ngeke ilimaze amagilebhisi, kepha ukuzama ukwenza izimpande zezithelo zomvini zikhule kakhulu kunciphisa izinga lokusinda.
I-algorithm yokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi
- Okokuqala, udinga ukunakekela ukudonsa okuhle. Amagilebhisi awakubekezeleli umswakama okweqile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele u-10-15 cm wobumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile noma amatshe ngaphansi komgodi.
- Fafaza amanzi ngenhla kwengxube yenhlabathi ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili ukuze kwakheke indunduma encane kuyo.
- Setha isithombo emgodini. Sakaza kahle izimpande eceleni kwethambeka le-knoll. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo yokugoma ibe ngu-1-1,5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
- Sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba, siwuchithe ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi nenqama. Manje izinwele zezimpande zisondelene nezinhlayiya zenhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokuba wonke umswakama usungeniwe, kuyadingeka ukufaka inhlabathi eyengeziwe futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kuxhunyaniswe nenhlabathi.
- Manje, ingxenye esele yesithombo esele ngaphezu komhlaba nayo imbozwe ngomhlaba oxeguliwe kusuka phezulu, yakha indunduma encane.
Ividiyo: ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Izici zokunakekela uJulian
Amagilebhisi kaJulian awabizwa ngokuthi yi-moody. Ubusika buhlala kahle futhi bunokumelana okumaphakathi kwezifo. Noma kunjalo, lapho kukhula kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yezolimo yasendulo. Ukunakekela uJulian osemusha kuqukethe ngokunisela (kanye ngeviki) ukuthambisa, ukhula kanye no-mulching. Kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi inhlabathi idedelwe kwindilinga eseduze ukuze ikhulise uhlelo lwempande. Zalisa ngemvamisa elandelayo:
- Entwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uthathe indawo yokuhlala yasebusika, chitha izihlahla ngesixazululo esilandelayo sezakhi. Faka u-20 g we-superphosphate, 10 g we-ammonium nitrate no-5 g kasawoti we-potassium ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 esisombululo esihlahleni ngasinye.
- Ngokuzayo, faka isitshalo ngale nhlanganisela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
- Kodwa ngaphambi kokufaka izithelo kuyadingeka ukukhipha i-ammonium nitrate ekugqokeni okuphezulu, ukuze wonke amandla amagilebhisi aqondiswe ekwaziseni, kunokuba akhe isisindo esiluhlaza.
- Ngemuva kokuba isivuno sesivuniwe, amagilebhisi adinga ukondliwa nge-potassium. Lokhu kuzosiza amagilebhisi asinde ebusika.
- Kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu udinga ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo. Sakaza umquba engxenyeni efanayo bese ugaya umhlabathi osebeni lwefosholo.
Izifo, izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela
Izifo eziningi uJulian agula ngazo zivela kwimvelaphi yokukhunta, okungukuthi, izisebenzi zazo ezibangwa yi-fungusative fungi.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zikaJulian: ithebula
| Isihloko | Pathogen | Izimpawu zangaphandle | Izimo zokuvela |
| U-Mildew (amazolo aluhlaza we-mealydew) | Mushroom Plasmopara viticola | Kuvela ibala elinamafutha ohlangothini olungaphezulu lweqabunga, bese kuthi esimweni sezulu esimanzi kuqhamuke i-Powdery uhlangothi olungaphansi, olufana nesikhunta. Kancane kancane, izicubu ze-necrosis ziqala endaweni enegciwane leqabunga bese iba nsundu. Amahlamvu alimala kakhulu awela phansi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lesi sifo sisakazekela emaqembini. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwengxenye yesilimo. | Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu libalelwa ku-25 ° C. |
| I-Oidium (i-powdery isikhutha) | I-Mushroom Uncinula necator | Amacembe athelelekile ambozwe ngotshani obumpunga obunjengombala. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu "uthuli" lumboza izimbali namajikijolo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-inflorescence ayafa, futhi amajikijolo aqhekeka futhi omile. | Isimo sezulu esishisayo. Ukushisa okuthandekayo 25-25 ° C. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Mushroom Botrytis cinerea | Amaqabunga, izimbali kanye namaqoqo ambozwe ngumbala onsundu, othembeka lapho uthintwa. Uma ihlobo lavele lashisa, khona-ke lesi sifo siyoyeka sodwa, kepha esimweni sezulu esimanzi umonakalo uzosabalala kumajikijolo futhi unciphise kakhulu isivuno. | Kuthinta ikakhulukazi izindawo ezilimele zesitshalo. Ikhula ngamandla lapho kunesimo sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele. |
| Anthracnose | I-Mushroom Gloeosporium ampelophagum | Amaqabunga amboza amabala ansundu azungezwe umngcele omhlophe. Kancane kancane, amabala ayahlangana, nezicubu kuzo. Izilonda ezifanayo zivela kumahlumela, ama-petioles namajikijolo. | Imvula enkulu yasentwasahlobo. |
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna ekwindla engadini, kubalulekile ukuqoqa konke udoti kusuka ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi bese kuyashiswa, kungcono ngaphandle kwensimu. Amahlamvu avuthiwe ingumbala ofanele wezifo zokukhunta.
Izifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zamagilebhisi esithombeni
- Iqoqo lamagilebhisi e-Oidium
- Amajikijolo ahlaselwe ukubola okungwevu
- Izimpawu zokuqala zokwehlulwa kwamagilebhisi mildu
- Anthracnose amahlumela
Izidakamizwa ezikuvumela ukuthi ulwe nezifo zemvelo yesikhunta zibizwa ngokuthi yi-fungicides. Namuhla, okunezinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa ezinjalo kwethulwa ezitolo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zamalungiselelo akuvamile ukuba njalo ukhethe inketho ephumelela kakhulu nephephile efanelekayo ingadi yakho. Ngalesi sizathu, i-sulfate yethusi, evivinywa izizukulwane zabalimi, isalokhu ingukudla okuvame kakhulu namuhla.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula amagilebhisi nge-sulphate yethusi
Ukucutshungulwa kokuqala kwamagilebhisi nge-sulphate yethusi kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Ezitshalweni ezincane, udinga isixazululo esingu-0.5%: ama-50 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Amagilebhisi amadala azodinga isisombululo esingu-1%. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga ewile emvinini, kusetshenzwe kabusha: amagilebhisi amancane - isixazululo esingu-3%, izitshalo zabantu abadala - 5%.
Ukubuyekezwa kwebanga lokuqala
Kukhona izithombo ezi-4 zokutshala ekutshaleni. Amandla okukhula wonke enhlabathini yethu nasezimweni zethu aphakeme kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso, kepha awekho ngaphezulu. Amelana nokuthamba nokukhishwa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, ukuqothulwa kwe-ovary kwaqalwa, kepha ikakhulukazi kuma-peduncle amakhulu. ukhipha izimbali, udinga ukuzihlola. Kepha noma okusele kuthembisa ukubukeka futhi kukhulu.
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Ukutshala izithombo zokusika izimpande ngoMeyi 19, 2010 namuhla kungukukhula kwamamitha ayi-1. Imisuka yokuchayeka kuthamba, i-oidium ayizange ibonwe.
Syretsky//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Sawubona
UFursa Irina Ivanovna
Ngesizini edlule, ihlumela likaJulian laxhunyelelwa esihlahleni sokuqala. Kulo nyaka izithelo zokuqala. Ngokuqondene nokulwa nezifo, akukho mibuzo ngaleli fomu, yonke into ijwayelekile. Ukugijima kunamandla kakhulu, ngakunye kube nama-inflorescence angama-2-3, bekufanele ngijwayele ukujwayela. yonke into isikhona manje, ngaphandle kwamakhaza, kepha kukhona okumi manje okwamanje ekuthuthukisweni. Ngiqonde ukuthi, ngokusobala ayihambelani nokuvuthwa okumisiwe kwezinsuku ezingama-95-100. Ngokuvuthwa okufanayo Super-extra, kepha sekuvele kuyadliwa kanye namaqembu aphansi icishe yavuthwa. Futhi uJulian angizange ngibe nesibindi sokuzama futhi lo berry uqalile ukuthambisa ...
Manje-ke, okunye okubuye kujabulise kimi: Ngangihlala ngisusa izingane zokutholwa, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ngaphuthelwa le nqubo esivinini ngesonto elilodwa. Ngakho-ke uJulian wakhula ngokuqinile futhi ngokushesha waba nama-inflorescence ayi-2-3, washiya abambalwa kulolu vivinyo ( ezimbili ngehlumela ngalinye) - akukho lutho, eyodwa impova, enye iqhakaza, eyesithathu iyaqoqwa. Kepha ngisho nabanqeni ngokwabo abayeki ukukhula, kodwa baqhubeke nokukhula ngentshiseko, abanye ngamamitha, ngibabopha. Amandla wokukhula ngokudubula avumela, ngokwesilinganiso, amamitha ayi-4. Kubukeka sengathi ukuthi leli fomu lizoba nomjikelezo wezithelo oqhubekayo gqoka kuze kube yiqhwa.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
UJulian waxhunyelelwa e-Arcadia. Umehluko ovela ekuguqukeni kanye ne-UN usanambitheka, uJulian ube buthaka ngoJulayi 26.
USergey Dandyk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseJulian isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwayo kokuqala. Uzovuna ngezinsuku ezingama-95. Futhi, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuqhathaniswa kahle nokumelana kwayo nezifo nokunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo.
