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Ukufakwa okusajingijolo: imithetho eyisisekelo namathiphu awusizo

Ama-raspberry kungenye yezihlahla ezidumile ezingatholakala kuzo zonke iziza ezingadini. Njengamanye amasiko, ama-raspberries adinga izindlela zokunakekelwa ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukufakelwa kwenye nenye yawo. Ukuze wenze konke ngendlela efanele futhi unikeze izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthi ikhula likhule, udinga ukuzijwayeza ulwazi mayelana nenqubo yokufakelwa.

Ilungiselela ukufakelwa okusajingijolo

Ngeshwa, abalimi abaningi babheka ama-raspberries njengebhali engathembeki futhi ngenxa yalokho balinikeza ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu, bangakunaki ukufakelwa. Okwamanje, kunezizathu eziningana ezichaza ukuthi kungani ukufakelwa kwezinto kufanele kufakwe kusethi yezindlela zokukhulisa lesi sitshalo:

  • Ama-raspberry ahla kakhulu enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ngokukhula isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kuthinta kabi isivuno futhi kuthinta kakhulu impilo yesihlahla, ngakho-ke inhlabathi idinga ukushintshwa.
  • Ngaphandle kokufakelwa, ubungozi bokutheleleka kanye nokusakazeka kwezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (i-anthracnose, chlorosis, njll.) Kuyanda.
  • Ukudlulisa kufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni isihlahla nokuvela kwamahlumela amasha.

Isikhathi sokufakelwa

Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwabalimi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka esithandeka kakhulu ngokudlulisa ama-raspberries. HhawuImvamisa wonke umsebenzi wenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Esimweni sokuqala, zama ukufakelwa isihlahla kusuka ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli, elesibili - kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, ukuze lesi sitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Kunconywa ukufakelwa ama-raspberries njalo eminyakeni emi-4.

Ukukhetha isiza nokulungiselela

Amajikijolo kufanele adluliselwe kwisiza esinenhlabathi ekhanyayo inhlabathi (i-loamy noma isihlabathi esimanzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni futhi ibe elangeni - emthunzini, isitshalo siyeluka futhi sinciphise isivuno. Futhi, indawo ekhethiwe akufanele ibe yome noma ibe manzi ngokweqile, ngakho-ke cabanga indawo enamanzi aphansi komhlaba - okungenani i-1.5 m ukusuka enhlabathini yenhlabathi. Abalimi abaningi bathi ama-raspberries atshalwa kangcono kwisiza lapho kwakungekho lutho olwalukhule ngaphambili. Uma ungenalo ithuba elinjalo, ke unaka ukuthi yimaphi amasiko asebenzisa indawo ekhethiwe.

Izimbangela ezinhle kakhulu ze-raspberries yi-siderate (i-lentil, i-alfalfa, i-rye, i-oats), i-legumes (uphizi, ubhontshisi, u-soya), ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, u-anyanisi kanye negalikhi. Ukutshala ama-raspberries lapho ama-sitrobheli noma amazambane asetshenziselwa ukutshala khona akunconywa eceleni kwama-currants kanye ne-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala

Udinga ukulungiselela indawo yama-raspberries isizini ngaphambi kokufakelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba indawo, ususe ngokucophelela ukhula (ikakhulukazi oluyingozi kuma-raspberry, utshani bukakolweni) bese usebenzisa umanyolo olandelayo emhlabathini: umquba owomile, umquba noma umquba (ama-6-8 kg / m2), i-superphosphate (30 g / m2) nosawoti we-potassium (40 g / m2) Uma ulungiselela uzungu entwasahlobo, engeza no-urea (10 g / m2), uma ekwindla - umlotha (500 g / m2). Labo balimi abangenawo amandla okufaka umanyolo wesakhiwo sonke bangafaka umanyolo wokudonswa kwezitshalo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufakelwa.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ama-raspberries, inhlabathi idinga ukuvundiswa ngomanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral

Khumbula ukuthi ama-raspberry awalungele inhlabathi ene-acidic (izici zawo eziyinhloko zifaka ubuningi be-moss noma ihhashi, ubukhona be-plaque ekhanyayo namanzi okugqwala emigodini), ngakho-ke izinsuku eziyishumi nanye ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, uhlukanise nabo ngokugaya u-lime (250-300 g / m2) noma i-dolomite (350-400 g / m2).

Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa okusajingijolo

Ungadlulisa ama-raspberries abe yizimbobo nasemiseleni. Lezi zindlela zombili zilungele kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi esimweni sezulu esingenamafu, esizolile.

Ngaphezu kwezimo zezulu, abanye abalimi bagxila ekhalendeni lenyanga. Ngokusho kwakhe, akufanele kudluliselwe enyangeni entsha nasenyangeni egcwele, kanye namahora ayi-12 ngaphambi nangemva kokuqala kwawo. Njengoba i-raspberry isitshalo esidala izithelo ezingxenyeni zayo zomoya, kungcono ukuyifaka ngezinsuku zenyanga ekhulayo.

Ukudlulisa isihlahla esidala

Ngokufakelwa, kufanele kukhethwe izihlahla ezinempilo, ububanzi besiqu sazo kufanele okungenani bube yi-1 cm. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, ama-raspberry kumele anqunywe afinyelele ku-0.7-0.9 m.

  1. Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwisiza esilungiselelwe, yenza izinto zokutshala futhi uzithambise uma ungakaze uthuthukise inhlabathi endaweni yonke:
    1. Wells. Ububanzi - 30 cm, ukujula - 25-30 cm.Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe ngu-30-50 cm, phakathi kwezintambo -1.5 - 2 m.

      Beka izimbobo ze-raspberry okungenani nge-30 cm

    2. Umsele. Ubude - 60-80 cm, ukujula - 40 cm.
    3. Phansi komgodi noma emseleni, faka umanyolo esihlahleni ngasinye: i-humus noma umquba (3-5 kg), usawoti we-potassium (10 g), superphosphate (10 g). Fafaza ngesendlalelo (ngamasentimitha angama-5-7) komhlaba.
    4. Mboza izinto zokuphumula ngefilimu noma ngezinto zophahla.
  2. Bumba ngokucophelela isihlahla esiyindilinga esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30- 35, uzama ukusindisa inqwaba yomhlaba.
  3. Faka isihlahla egumbini lokuphumula bese usakaza izimpande uma kunesidingo.
  4. Gcwalisa isihlahla ngomhlabathi ukuze intamo yezimpande (indawo lapho isiqu siye empandeni) ibhebhetheke ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi noma ingcwatshwe ngo-2-3 cm, bese uhlanganisa inhlabathi.
  5. Nisela isihlahla kahle (cishe amalitha ama-3-5 amanzi) bese ugoqa inhlabathi ngentshisi, i-peat noma i-sawdust enengqimba engu-5 cm.

Ukufakwa okusajingijolo - ividiyo

Uma kungenzeka, zama ukuhlola izimpande zezihlahla ezitshaliwe - akufanele zichithwe, zibole noma kube naluphi olunye iphutha.

Ukukhula kwezimpande

Ukudubula okuyimpande kwama-raspberries, njengezinye izitshalo, amahlumela akhula kusuka kuma-buds akhiwe ezimpandeni. Amahlumela anjalo akhula ebangeni elingama-20-30 cm ukusuka esihlahleni esikhulu. Njengomthetho, ukufakelwa kwenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela athola uhlelo lwezimpande futhi afinyelela ku-15-20 cm ukuphakama. Ngokufakelwa, kungcono ukuthatha amahlumela angama-4-5 akude nge-0.5-0.7 m esihlahleni esikhulu.

Ngokufakelwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa amahlumela akhiwe isigamu semitha ukusuka esihlahleni

Isakhiwo sokususa izimpande zezimpande silungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo nasemahlathini amadala. Imithombo noma imisele kufanele itholakale futhi ivundiswe ngendlela efanayo.

  1. Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokufakelwa, lungiselela ama-grooves atholakalayo.
  2. Bumba ngokucophelela izinqubo ezikhethiwe, uzama ukungaphazamisi inqwaba yomhlaba ezimpandeni. Susa namahlamvu kuwo.
  3. Faka amahlumela esitsheni sokutshala, ushiye intamo yezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi noma uyijule ngo-1-2 cm, bese uhlanganisa inhlabathi.
  4. Amanzi kahle (2-2,5 amalitha amanzi) bese mulch inhlabathi ngotshani, Peat noma sawdust nge ungqimba 5 cm.

Uma ungazange uhlangabezane nomnqamulajuqu wokufakelwa kanye nokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela ekhula aze afike ku-0.5 m, ngemuva kokufakelwa, ukufinyeza kuya ku-15-20 cm ukuze izitshalo zingasebenzisi amandla ekukhuleni esikhundleni sokwenza uhlelo lwezimpande.

Ukuphindisela ukufakelwa kwehlumela

Amahlumela okufaka esikhundleni kabusha abizwa ngokuthi amahlumela akhula kusuka kuma-buds asempandeni enkulu futhi atholakala ngqo esihlahleni esikhulu. Ekuphakameni, zivame ukufika cishe ku-0.5 m.

Lungiselela ihlumela lokufaka okusajingijolo ekwindla

Isakhiwo sokumisa kabusha amahlumela wokulungisa senziwe ekwindla ngendlela ejwayelekile, futhi kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe inqubo entwasahlobo.

  1. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-raspberry aqede ukuthela izithelo, usike zonke iziqu ezindala, ushiye amahlumela angama-1-2.
  2. Susa wonke amahlumela ezimpande.
  3. Shayela unamathele emhlabathini eduze kwezihlahla bese ubopha iziqu zazo.
  4. Cishe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, thambisa izihlahla ngobumnene. Khumbula ukuthi izimpande ze-raspberry zingaphansi kwe-10-20 cm, ngakho-ke ungathathi umhlaba ujule.
  5. Entwasahlobo, sika amahlumela ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Iziqu kufanele zihlale zomile kuze kube kuvela amapheshana bese zikhula ngo-1.5 cm.
  6. Lapho amaqabunga esefinyelele usayizi oyifunayo, nquma izimpande zama-raspberry embuthanweni onobubanzi obungama-20 cm.
  7. Bumba isihlahla bese ususa ngokucophelela kuwo izinsalela zeziqu zakudala.
  8. Faka amahlumela ezitshalweni zokutshala ezilungiselelwe futhi zihlelwe ngendlela ejwayelekile, ushiye ikhola yezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi noma uyijule ngo-1-2 cm, bese uhlanganisa inhlabathi.
  9. Amanzi kahle (2-2,5 amalitha amanzi) bese mulch inhlabathi ngotshani, Peat noma sawdust nge ungqimba 5 cm.

Akunzima ukuthutha ama-raspberries, kwanele ukumane ulungiselele isiza ngokufanele futhi wenze wonke umsebenzi ngendlela efanelekile. Landela lezi zincomo, futhi uzothola isitshalo esinempilo esizokulethela isivuno esihle.

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