Konke mayelana nokuthena izihlahla zeapula

Ngokungafani nezinye izihlahla zezithelo, umuthi we-apula udinga ukwakheka komqhele okugunyaziwe kanye nokuthenwa okujwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba esidingekayo, umuntu ngeke athembele isivuno nekhwalithi yezithelo ezishiwo izinhlobonhlobo. Umgcini wegadi kufanele aqonde ngokucacile - kanjani nokuthi kungani lokhu noma lokhu kuthenwa kwenziwa, kanjani ukukwenza kahle.

Izinsuku zokuthenwa kwesihlahla i-Apple

Akunakwenzeka ukunikeza imigomo yekhalenda ngqo yokuthena isihlahla sama-apula - ancike kuhlobo lokuthena kanye nesifunda sokutshala. Umthetho oyisisekelo onquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izihlahla uthathwe ukuthi ukusebenza okunjalo kungenziwa kuphela lapho umuthi usuphumule. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwesiwasho, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivuvukale. Ungenzi lokhu kusesekuseni kakhulu - kuvame ukubuyisa isithwathwa esingezansi -15 ° C okuholela kwisifo sesihlahla nge-cytosporosis. Kepha futhi kuyinto engathandeki ukuba ufike sekwephuzile - ngokuqala kokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap, amanxeba azophola kahle futhi isikhathi eside, okuholela ekhipha ukopha kakhulu, i-cytosporosis efanayo nokwenza buthaka kwesihlahla se-apula. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zokuthena zenziwa kahle entwasahlobo. Ukuthenwa kwe-Autumn kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsuku zokuqala kwentwasahlobo zisebenza kuzo zonke izifunda, nasekwindla - kuphela ezindaweni ezinobusika obufudumele. Ehlobo, kuvunyelwe ukususa noma kufinyeze kuphela amagatsha amancanyana anesilinganiso esingabi ngaphezu kwama-5-8 mm.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokutshala

Ngokuya ngezinhloso ezibekiwe nemisebenzi okufanele ixazululwe, ukusikwa kwehlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi kube lula ukuqonda ukuthi imaphi amagatsha adinga ukusikwa noma afinyezwe.

Izihlahla ezakhekile zezihlahla zama-apula ngamaphethini ahlukile

Ukwakhiwa komqhele kuyisinyathelo esiyisibopho ekunakekelweni kwesihlahla sama-apula, esenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala. Uma weqa lesi sigaba, kuzoba nomqhele obizwa ngokuthi yi-free-grow grow, onobunzima obuningana:

• Umqhele uqina kakhulu, umthamo wawo wangaphakathi awukhanyiswa kahle futhi unomoya. Lokhu kuba yinto enhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nenani lesihlahla esinamakholoni endlala.
• Ukukhula kwesihlahla okungalawulwa kuholela kusayizi wayo omkhulu, okudala ubunzima ekunakekeleni kanye nasekulahlekeni kwengxenye yesilimo.
• Amagatsha emathambo avame ukuphuma ngokungaphansi komqhubi ophakathi, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamafoloko. Ngenxa yalokhu, umqhele uba buthakathaka, amanye amagatsha angaphuka ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo.
• Kunamacala ajwayelekile okwenziwa kweziqu ezimbili noma ezintathu ezicishe zifane, nakho okungalungile.
  

  Isihlahla sama-apula esikhula mahhala sinomqhele oqinisiwe onamagatsha akhula njalo

Njengamanje, izindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene zomqhele wesihlahla se-apula ziyaziwa. Cabanga esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Sparse-tier umqhele

Okudala kunabo bonke ekwakhekeni. Yindlela yasendulo, esetshenziselwa izihlahla ezinde. Ukwakheka okunjalo kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu wamagatsha wamathambo kungakapheli iminyaka emine kuya kweziyisithupha emva kokutshala isithombo. Ekwakhekeni kwesiqalo ngasinye yiminyaka engu-1-2. Ukuphakama kwesiqu kubekwa ezingeni lamasentimitha angama-40-60.

Isiqu siyingxenye yesiqu esisuka entanjeni yezimpande kuya kwesisekelo segatsha lamathambo eliphansi.

Inani lamagatsha wamathambo kuhlu ngalunye lingaba lisuka kwelinye liye kwabathathu, kufanele libekwe ukuze liqondiswe emikhakheni ehlukene futhi lingaphazamisi elinye nelinye. Uma umqhele ungagcwele ngokwanele, khona-ke kwamanye amagatsha wamathambo ashiya igatsha elilodwa noma amabili e-oda lesibili.

Ukwakheka kwe-Sparse-tier yomqhele kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezinde zezihlahla zeapula

Umqhele wendebe

Isimo somqhele ngendlela yesitsha muva nje sathandwa kakhulu yizihlahla zezithelo eziningi zokukhula okuphansi naphakathi. Leli fomu lihlinzeka:

• Ukulawulwa kokuphakama kwesihlahla.
• Ukukhanyisa okulungile kwayo yonke ivolumu yomqhele.
• Umoya omncane.
• Ukusebenziseka kalula kokunakekelwa kwezihlahla nokuvuna.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezitsha:

• Isitsha esilula - amagatsha omqhele asezingeni elifanayo.
• Isitsha esiqinisiwe - amagatsha atholakala kude komunye nomunye.
  

  Ukwakheka komqhele okwenziwe nge-Bowl kuthandwa ngezinhlobo eziphakeme naphakathi nendawo ze-apula

Inketho yesibili iyathandeka, ngoba kulokhu amagatsha angathwala umthwalo omkhulu. Ukuze unikeze isihlahla sama-apula ukwakheka kwenkomishi lapho utshala isithombo, sinqume sibe ngamasentimitha angama-60-80. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa noma emibili, kukhethwe amagatsha angama-3-4 aqine kakhulu kumagatsha avelayo, akhiwe ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-10- 10 ukusuka komunye nomunye (esimweni lapho kwakhiwa khona isitsha esiqinisiwe) futhi sikhula ngezindlela ezihlukile. Lezi zingatsha zamathambo zesikhathi esizayo. Basikwa ngo-40-50%, futhi wonke amanye amagatsha asuswa ngokuphelele. Ukuthena okunjalo okunyakazayo kwakha ukwakheka kwamahlumela nezihloko ezilandelanayo, okuholela ekuqineni komqhele. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukhipha okulawulwayo minyaka yonke futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amagatsha anamathambo ahlala alingana, i.e., angobude obufanayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela isimo lapho elinye lamagatsha lizobusa futhi libambe iqhaza lomqhubi ophakathi nendawo - ukubakhona kwalo akuhlanganisiwe nalokhu kwakhiwa.

Umqhele wesihlahla se-apula esime ngendlela yesitsha ukhanyiswe kahle futhi unomoya

Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla se-Apple spindle

Ukwakheka komqhele okwenziwe ngokufana nendilinga sekusabalele ezingadini eziqinile. Isetshenziselwa izitshalo ezisezimpondweni ezincane nezimfushane. Imvamisa bakha umgodi ophakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40-50, ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2,5 kuya ku-3,5 nesigaqa somqhele esingamamitha ayi-3,5-4. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

1. Lapho utshala i-seedling, ama-buds namahlumela asuswa ekuphakameni okudingayo kwesiqu.
2. Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa waba ngamasentimitha angama-80 uma kwenzeka ukuthi kube yisithombo esithile sonyaka. Kwiminyaka emibili, lokhu ukuphakama kuzoba ngamasentimitha ayi-100-120.
3. Ngonyaka owodwa ngemuva kokutshala, shiya amagatsha angama-5-7 esihlahla esingaphansi bese ubopha ezingeni elivundlile ukuze anciphise ukukhula. Kususwa amahlumela amaningi.
4. Kuleminyaka le-3-4 letako leyalandzelako, kukhula emacembe lamanyenti lamagatsha ngalokufanako, kusika tihlatsi kanye netihlatsi leticinisa umqhele. Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okudingekayo, umqhubi wesifundo ophakathi anganqunywa.
   

   Ukwakheka komqhele okwenziwe ngokugqamile kuvame kakhulu ezivandeni eziqinile

5. Esikhathini esizayo, ihlosi eliphansi lizoba namagatsha angapheli ohlobo lwamathambo, kanye namahlumela aphezulu amagatsha aqhakaza iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala, ngezikhathi ezithile atshalwe phakathi kokuthenwa kabusha komzimba.

Isiphongo esikhulu

Le ndlela ihlukile kunaleyo eyedlule ngedayimitha elincane lomqhele (0.8-1.2 metres), okudingeka ukubanjwa okuhlanganisiwe. Imigomo yokwakheka iyefana njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi kuphela akufanele anqunywe, ngoba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamagatsha aseceleni. Futhi evame ukwakheka ngale ndlela, izihlahla zama-apula zidinga ama-garters ukukha noma i-trellis.

Izihlahla ze-apula ezakhiwe ngohlobo lwe-super-spindle zidinga i-garter esigxotsheni noma kwi-trellis

Ukwakheka kwezihlahla ze-apula ku-trellis

Lapho wenza ukutshala okukhulu kwezihlahla zama-apula, i-trellis yayisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngalezi zinhloso, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka komqhele zingasetshenziswa:

• isicwebezelisi esivulekile;
• spindle super;
• izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintende zesandla;
• ukwakheka kwabalandeli;
• zonke izinhlobo zama-cordon nezinye.

Okubahlanganisayo ukuthi imiqhele yezihlahla itholakala endizeni eyodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo okusebenza kahle, ukufinyeleleka kokulungiswa nokuvunwa kutholakala. Wonke amagatsha kwi-trellis anomoya omncane futhi athola isibalo esanele sokukhanya. Ekutshaleni ingadi yasekhaya, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule izihlahla zama-apula kanye nezinye izitshalo, ubeke imiqhele yazo ezindongeni zesakhiwo noma uthango, okudala amathuba angeziwe wokuhlobisa indawo.

Igalari yezithombe: izinketho zomuthi wama-apula zokutshala i-trellis

Ukuluka I-Apple Tree Formation

Leli fomu livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa isiza. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuyakha. Esimweni sokuqala, isithombo sezinhlobo ezinokulila simane sitshaleke noma isiqu salokhu okuhlukahlukene similiselwe esitokisini esisekude. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifaka phakathi izihlahla zama-apula ezifuywe eSouth Ural Science Science Research Institute of Fruit and Nutrition (Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngokulima kanye ne Potato) ngokususelwa ezinhlotsheni zakudala zaseJalimane i-Eliza Ratke (aka Vydubetskaya ekhala):

• Simangaliso;
• Jung;
• Imile;
• Bratchud (UMfoweth 'Omangalisayo).
  

  Weap apple Tree Bratchud - izinhlobo eziqinile zobusika eziphakathi nobusika

Lezi zihlahla zama-apula, ngaphezu kwezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, zikhuphule ukuqina kobusika futhi zingamelana neqhwa liye ku-40 ° C. Ngaphezu kwazo, kukhona futhi nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa nje zesihlahla sama-apula esinezithelo ezingangeneki.

Kepha njengoba kungenzeki njalo ukuthola isithombo noma isiqu somuthi we-apula onjalo, ungaya ngendlela yesibili - sebenzisa indlela yokugomela emuva. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kukhule isihlahla sama-apula esinohlanga cishe ngamamitha amabili, futhi kuleli zinga ku-3-4 izisetshenziswa ezifakwayo zisebenzisa indlela ye- "lateral incision", ibeka nezinso zazo phansi. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kokugoma aboshelwe endaweni efanele futhi ngonyaka kamuva anqunywa ezinso ezi-3-4 ukuze athole umqhele omnyama. Lokhu kuthenwa kuphindwa njalo ngonyaka iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine kuze kube yilapho umqhele usuqaliwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuzayo, udinga ukunciphisa umqhele njalo ususe izihloko.

Ukuze wakhe ijamo lomqhele wokulila, ubucwebe bezimpawu zokusika ezi-3-4 ezinezimbali eziqonde phansi zixhunywe esiqwini sesitoko ekuqulweni kwamuva.

Ividiyo: Ukukhala kwesihlahla se-apula

Ifomu leFlange

Esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu, ukuze sikhule isihlahla sama-apula, kuyadingeka ukwakha umqhele waso ngendlela ye-stlan. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze sikwazi ukumboza ngokuphelele isihlahla sasebusika ngeqhwa noma uhlobo oluthile lwezinto zokumboza. Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinomqhele wokukhamba wemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, iMelba noma iBorovinka, kepha ungasebenzisa abanye.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukuphakama kwesihlahla akufanele kudlule amasentimitha angama-45-50, isiqu sawo ngeke sibe ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Amagatsha wamathambo angama-2-4 akhiwa ngaphezulu kwesiqu, akhiwe yisiphambano noma i-crest. Kusukela manje kwakhiwa amagatsha futhi isikhathi eside ahlala ephonswa phansi emhlabathini. Futhi amagatsha e-oda lesibili nawo aphiniwe. Amanye amahlumela anikezwa ithuba lokukhula ngokukhululeka.

Ehlelweni lokwakha ukwakheka kwesihlahla se-apula, amagatsha wamathambo kanye namahlumela we-oda lesibili aphonswe emhlabathini

Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokwenziwa okunjalo, iziqu ezimbili zamagatsha wamathambo atholakala kwesinye ngaphezu kwesinye zidaliwe. Kepha, njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, le ndlela inezihibe ezimbili ezibalulekile:

• I-tier ephansi isisithunzi saphezulu, okuholela ekungeneni umoya omncane, futhi lokhu, kudala izimo ezinhle zokuthuthuka kwezifo.
• Amahlosi aphezulu angenhla kakhulu futhi angaqandisa uma kwenzeka kuba nobusika obubanda iqhwa.

Ividiyo: Ukubuka konke kwe-Stane Apple Tree

Ifomu lesitembu

Mhlawumbe, zonke izindlela ezifakwe kuhlu zingabhekwa njengezinga. Yize kunjalo, ngisho nesihlahla sama-aphula esisikiwe sinendawo encane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kwesihlahla sama-apula, lapho ukuphakama kwesiqu kunamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Kungaba okulungile ukuyibiza ngokuthi kusezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, ngokunikeza esikhathini esizayo umqhele ovulekile, we-ellipsoidal, prismatic kanye nezinye izindlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khulisa amabheshi wokuphakama okudingekayo. Kungcono uma besebenzisa amasheya akhula ngokuqinile, ngokwesibonelo:

• I-Bittenfelder;
• Isikhumbuzo sikaGraham;
• A2;
• M11 nabanye.

Ngemuva konyaka wokutshala, ihlumela elincane linqunywa yi-15-20%. Ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusikwa, zonke izinso ziphuphuthekisiwe, kusale eyodwa etholakala ngaphezu kwendawo yokugoma. Ngemuva konyaka, lapho kuvela ihlumela elisha kusuka ezinso, kuboshwe ngokuthe ngqo ku-hemp kwesokunxele nge-bast noma enye into e-nokunwebeka. Ukusuka kulokhu kuthwebula, kuzokwakhiwa okujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuba ihlumela elincanyana “likhumbule” isikhundla salo esifanele, isiqu sinqunywa ngommese obukhali. Kamuva, amagatsha ase-lateral ayalungiswa kuze kube yilapho ubude besiqu bufinyelela kulokho okufiswayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi lapho ukuphakama kudingeka okukhulu, isikhathi eside inqubo izothatha. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ukuphakama okudingayo, ihlumela linqunywa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15 ngaphezulu kwalo, futhi wonke amagatsha kule ngxenye ancishisiwe.

Inqubo yokwakha isiqu esiphezulu ingathatha iminyaka engama-3-4

Okulandelayo, ungaqhubeka nokwakheka komqhele. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukusika njalo amahlumela avela esiqwini nasezimpandeni kuyo yonke inkathi.

Ukwakheka okunesiqu esikhulu kunikezwa ezihlahleni zama-apula ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa

Ifomu le-Bush

Lokhu kwakhiwa, kanye ne-stanza, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Kubukeka njengesigaxa senkomishi, kepha sinesiqu esiphansi kanye nenani elikhudlwana lamagatsha wamathambo. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla kudalwe kanjena:

1. Emnyakeni wokuqala owodwa noma emibili emva kokutshala, kwenziwa i-shtamb ephansi (amasentimitha ayi-10-15).
2. Ngokushesha ngaphezulu kwawo, kwakhiwa amagatsha asemathanjeni e-oda lokuqala. Esigabeni sokuqala kungaba khona eziningi zazo - lokhu kuhle, ngoba bazothuthukisa isimo sesihlahla sonke futhi bafake isandla ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwezimpande. Kungamagatsha kuphela anama-engeli okukhipha angaphansi kwama-45 ° nangaphezulu kwama-80 ° asuswa kulesi sigaba.
3. Ithuba lokukhula lihlinzekwa ngumqhubi ophakathi, ofanisa amagatsha wamathambo ngokuwanciphisa.
4. Ngemuva kokuba umuthi uqine ngokwanele, baqala ukusikhipha umqhele, basike amahlumela awengeziwe okwenza ubukhulu bevolumu yangaphakathi.
5. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa izihlahla minyaka yonke, kugoqa amagatsha ancanyana abe aminyene. Uma ufuna ukulungisa ukuqondiswa kokukhula kwamagatsha, khona-ke lawo aqobayo anqunywa engxenyeni ephezulu yezinso, bese kuthi okuthe mpo kube ngaphansi nangaphansi.
6. Ngemuva kokuthi ukwakheka kuqediwe (imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka iminyaka engama-5-6), umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa ngenhla kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu lamathambo.
   

   Umqhele osesihlahleni somuthi wama-apula uvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi.

Ividiyo: indlela ethokozisayo yokwakha isihlahla sama-apula ngokukhala amagxolo

Lungisa ukunqampuna

Ukulawula kubizwa ngokuthi ukuncipha, inhloso yawo kungukulungiswa kokugcwaliswa kwevolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele ukudala umoya ophakeme kanye nezimo zokukhanya. Uma kunesidingo, senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuhlangene nezinye izinhlobo zezikhuhla. Ngasikhathi sinye, amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele anqunywa phezulu (phezulu) noma phansi, kanye nokuhlangana. Ukwenza lesi sigaba, kufanele ubone umuzwa wokulingana futhi ungasusi amagatsha amaningi kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, njengomthetho, kukhona amahlumela amaningi ezithelo kuwo futhi ukuthena ngokweqile kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwengxenye yesilimo.

Ukulawula kubizwa ngokuthi kunciphise, inhloso yawo kungukulungiswa kokugcwaliswa kwevolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele ukudala umoya ophakeme kanye nezimo zokukhanya

Inhlanzeko

Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ekwindla sekwephuzile. Lapho kwenziwa, amagatsha awomile, anamagciwane futhi alimale ayasuswa. Ukususa izingxenye zamagatsha, zigawulwa ngokhuni olunempilo. Uma kunesidingo, izihlahla zokuhlanzeka ziphindwa entwasahlobo ngalezo zimo lapho ebusika amagatsha athile ephuka umoya noma ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa.

Ukusekela

Ukugcina izithelo zisezingeni eliphakeme njalo, ukuthenwa kokusekela kuyenziwa. Kwenziwa futhi entwasahlobo kanti kwinqubo yayo kukhona ukufakelwa ngezigaba okwenziwe njalo kwamagatsha omqhele amade kuneminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine nabancane. Amagatsha angaphansi kokususwa, ukukhula kwawo kuye kwehla kuya kumasentimitha ayi-10-15. Kulokhu, ukunqunywa komqhele kuyenziwa ngokwengxenye. Kwesinye isikhathi ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho kunokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane, afinyezwa ngamasentimitha angama-5 kuya kwayi-10 (le ndlela ibizwa ngokujaha), okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamagatsha anezingqinamba akamuva kuwo. Kamuva, amafomu ezithelo ezakhiwa kulawa magatsha, okuwukubekwa kokuvunwa kweminyaka emithathu ezayo.

Emagatsheni athela izithelo kufanele kube nezindlela zezithelo

Ukulwa nokuguga

Ukusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi lesi sigaba senzelwa isihlahla esidala ukuze kubuyiswe izinga lokuzala futhi sandise impilo yesihlahla. Ngokwezinga elithile, izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga zenziwa ngesikhashana seminyaka engama-4-5 kusuka eminyakeni engaba yishumi ubudala. Ukuvela kwesidingo sokuvuselelwa kunqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Izithelo zancipha futhi izithelo zaqunywa.
• Izimbali nezithelo zakhiwa kuphela emaphethelweni amagatsha nangaphezulu kwesihlahla.
• Izinga eliphansi lokwakheka kwehlumela, futhi amahlumela amasha akhiwe afushane kakhulu (akukho ngaphezu kwe-10-15 cm).
• Umuthi mude kakhulu ngomqhele omnyama ogijimayo.

Ukuze wenze amandla kabusha:

• Amagatsha amadala emikhono ne-semi-skeletal asuswa noma afushane kakhulu.
• Yehlisa ukuphakama komqhele ngokufinyeza isiqu.
• Khipha ivolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele ngokusika ukunqampuna kanye namanye amagatsha aphazamisayo.

Uma umuthi unganakwa kakhulu, khona-ke inani lomsebenzi elihleliwe lisatshalaliswa iminyaka emi-2-3, ukuze kube lula ukuthi isihlahla sisebenze.

Imithetho namasu wokunquma

Lapho wenza izihlahla ze-apula zokuthena kufanele zinamathele emithethweni ethile. Zilula futhi ziqukethe okulandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kufanele kwenziwe njalo.
• Ithuluzi lokusika (secateurs, Delimbers, saws engadini, imimese engadini) kufanele lilolwe ngokuqinile.
• Kuyatuswa ukuthi ungcwelise ithuluzi ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafaka isicelo:
  • Isixazululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi;
  • 3% isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide;
  • utshwala, njll.
• Wonke amagatsha asikwa ngenqubo “yendandatho”. Ukushiya iziqu akuvunyelwe, ngoba ngemuva kokumiswa ziba yisiphephelo sezikhunta nezinambuzane.
• Amagatsha amancanyana kufanele aqunywe ngezinyathelo eziningana ukugwema ukuqhekeka esiqwini nasekulimaleni kwamagatsha angomakhelwane.
• Ngemuva kokuthena, zonke izingxenye ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-10 mm kufanele zivikeleke ngoqweqwe lwe-varnish yengadi.

Ukunquma indandatho

Igatsha ngalinye line indandatho ye-cambial ezansi. Kungakhulunywa noma kungabikho ngokuphelele. Esimweni sokuqala, isilayidi senziwa ngqo kule ring.

Lapho ugawula igatsha, awukwazi ukushiya isiphunzi noma ukusika ujule kakhulu egatsheni elinikelayo

Kwesibili, igatsha ligawulwa eceleni kwe-bisector ye-angle phakathi kwe-axis yesiqu sesiqu (igatsha labazali) kanye nomugqa onemibandela ohambisana nokuya kugatsheni legatsha elisikiwe.

Uma kungekho indandatho ebekiwe engxenyeni yegatsha izosuswa, kusenziwa isilayidi eceleni kwe-bisector ye-angle phakathi kwe-perpendicular kuya ku-eksisi yayo kanye ne-axis yesiqu sesiqu (igatsha labazali)

Ezinso

Endabeni yokunciphisa ihlumela, ukusika kwenziwa "ezinsweni." Ngokuya ngendawo yayo, isipayisi singaba:

• kwizinso langaphakathi;
• onso lwangaphandle;
• ohlangothini izinso.

Kuya ngokuthi ihlumela lizoqondiswa kuphi, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho kukhule kusuka ezinsweni zangakwesokunxele. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukwandisa noma ukwehla ububanzi be -qhele, ngokuya ngesidingo.

Ngokusika amahlumela kusso, ungangeza noma wehlise ububanzi bekhorali, kuya ngesidingo

Lapho wenza lesi silayidi, kufanele sibekwe ngaphezulu kwezinso ngamasentimitha ayi-0.5-1 futhi siqondiswe ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi.

I-cut on the fig kufanele ibekwe ngaphezulu kwayo ngu-0.5-1 centimeter futhi ilungiswe ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi

Ukuhumusha

Uma igatsha lidinga ukuqondiswa kabusha, khona-ke kukhethwa igatsha elikhula libheke lapho lifunwa khona, bese kukhiwa igatsha eliphambili ngenhla kwesisekelo salo. Ngemuva kwalokho, indlela yokukhula izoshintsha iye kweleso elibekiwe. Ngakho-ke, ungasandisa noma unciphise umqhele bese uwunikeza ngesimo esifunayo. Imithetho yokuthena okunjalo ifana nemithetho yokuthena izinso.

Imithetho yokuthena izihlahla ifana nemithetho yokuthena izinso

Izici zokuthena ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla zeapula

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula zinezici ezithile zokuthena.

Ungawunquma kanjani isihlahla sama-aphula kuwo

Uma sikhuluma ngesithombo esihlanganisiwe, khona-ke ukuthenwa kwaso akuhlukile kunompande. Kepha uma into okufanele ibhekwe njengomuthi we-apula kabusha, ngokuxhunyiwe, inqubo yokuyilungisa nokuyakha yehlukile. Njengenhlalayenza, yenziwa entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo emva kokugoma. Okokuqala, amagatsha angazali kanye namahlumela (uma ekhona) kufanele asuswe. Ngemuva kwalokho, amahlumela wokugoma afushaniswa, eqaphela umgomo wokuzithobelana phakathi kwawo wokugomela ihlathi ngalinye lesihlahla.

Umgomo wokuzithoba lapho kwakhiwa umqhele wesihlahla usho ukuthi amagatsha esihlahla ngasinye esilandelayo kufanele abe amafushane kunamagatsha alowo owedlule, futhi izihloko zawo kufanele zibe eziphakeme kunaphezulu kwezihloko zamagatsha ehloko yangaphambilini.

Ekugomeni ngakunye, udinga ukukhetha ihlumela elilodwa, elizohamba phambili futhi elizongena esikhundleni segatsha elixhunyiwe kabusha. Onke amanye amagatsha asemgomeni angaphansi kwalokhu kuphunyuka. Eminyakeni engu-4-5 elandelayo, ukudalwa komqhele ogcwaliswe ngokulinganayo kuyaqhubeka ngokuncipha nokuhumusha amagatsha ngendlela efanele.

Ungawuthena kanjani umuthi we-apula ngeziqu ezimbili

Isiqu ezimbili sesihlahla se-apula singumphumela wokubumba okungafanele noma ukungabikho kwaso. Le nto ayithandeki, ngoba iziqu ezimbili ezilinganayo ziyoqhudelana njalo zikhule phezulu. Kungcono ukungakuvumeli lokhu, kepha uma leli qiniso lingathandeki selivele lenzekile futhi kuyihawu ukususa omunye weziqu, khona-ke bakha umqhele ngokuya ngezimo. Okokuqala kudingeka uvimbele ukukhula kweziqu zemithi, ukusika endaweni ephakeme eyamukelekayo (kufika kumamitha ayi-3-4). Khipha umqhele ophelele ngokwemithetho engenhla. Ungavumeli amagatsha ukuthi awele phakathi kwawo. Ngokuvamile, imigomo yokwakhiwa komqhele iyafana nangomgqomo owodwa.

Isihlahla se-apula

Isihlahla sama-apula esiwelayo sidinga ukuthenwa okungapheli okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Njengomthetho, ekwindla benza ukuthenwa kwendle, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bayasekela futhi balawula. Uma kunesidingo, ehlobo, iziqongo nezinye amahlumela zokuqina ziyasikwa.

Izici zokuthena kuya ngeminyaka yesihlahla se-apula

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesihlahla sama-apula, kubhekelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhafu ezichazwe ngenhla cishe njalo ngonyaka. Kwizihlahla ezincane ze-apula, ukwakha izihlahla kusetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko, ukudala umqhele okhethiwe womqhele. Futhi, uma kunesidingo, yenza ukucwecwa kwendle nokuqondisa. Ngemuva kokufaka izithelo, ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuzodingeka ukuthenwa okuxhasayo. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhiqiza, izinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu zezikhuhla (ngaphandle kokuba zenziwe) zenziwa njalo. Lapho isihlahla sama-apula sifinyelela iminyaka ehloniphekile, lapho-ke kuyodingeka uguqukele ekuvuseleleni kwayo ngokuthena okufanele okuchazwe ngenhla.

Ukuthena umuthi omdala we-apula - umhlahlandlela wabaqalayo

Kunezikhathi lapho, ngasiphi isizathu, umuthi omdala we-apula eneminyaka eyi-10 unganakwa. Esimweni esinjalo, lowo osebenza engadini ubhekene nomsebenzi wokwenza izihlahla zawo ezinamakhono ukuze ahambise umqhele futhi abuyise izinga elijwayelekile lokukhula kwezithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukukhanyiswa okufana kanye nokungena komoya kuwo wonke amagatsha, ukudala izimo zokukhula okuphezulu kwamahlumela ezithelo amancane. Empeleni, impahla echazwe ngenhla yanele kakhulu ukuqeda umsebenzi. Mane uhlele kafushane ngokuqondene nesimo esithile. Ngakho-ke, imiyalo yesinyathelo-ngamunye ngesinyathelo sokunciphisa isihlahla se-apula esidala:

1. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthena, udinga ukufaka phezulu ngethuluzi eliphakeme lokusika (ababhulisi, abaxhawulayo, ababona engadini, ummese wengadi). Ithuluzi kufanele lilolwe futhi lihlanzwe (okuningi mayelana nalokhu kwakungaphezulu). Uma isihlahla esingaphezu kwamamitha amabili sizodinga nesitebhisi.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, okokuqala, umqhele uyahlanzwa ngamagatsha owomile, ophukile, onesifo. Futhi usike wonke umqhele wokuqina, ogcwala izithelo (ngokuhlanzeka, olawula futhi osekele izinhlaka) kanye namagatsha awela emhlabathini.
   

   Ukugawulwa kwesihlahla sama-apula esidala esinganakwa siqala ngokususwa kwamagatsha owomile, aphukile futhi onesifo

3. Uma kunesidingo, sinciphise ukuphakama komqhele abasike kuwo umqhubi ophakathi endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele kanye namagatsha akhula kuwo. Uma umthamo wezinkuni osusiwe mkhulu, ke ukwenze ngezinyathelo eziningana.
4. Isigaba esilandelayo ukubuyiselwa kwesimo esifanele somqhele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, finyeza amagatsha adlula kuwo futhi wephule umgomo wokuzithoba ngaphansi.
   

   Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthena isihlahla sama-apula esinganakwa wukuqinisekisa ukukhanyiswa okufana kanye nokungena komoya kuwo wonke amagatsha, ukudala izimo zokukhula okuphezulu kwezihlumela zezithelo ezincane

5. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umqhele ukhanya ngokwanele futhi unomoya omuhle, amagatsha asikiwe ayasuswa endaweni yokusebenza futhi izingxenye ziphathwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zensimu.

Izici zezihlahla zezihlahla ze-apula ngokwanda endaweni

Ezindaweni ezihlukene zokulima ezihlukile ezimweni zezulu, izidingo ezifanayo zesikhathi sokuthena zigcinwa - zihlala zenziwa ekuphumuleni, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuphela izinsuku zekhalenda elithile ezihlangene esifundeni ngasinye ezihlukile. Futhi izindlela ezithandwayo zomqhele wesihlahla sama-apula zincike esifundeni esikhulayo. Kulokhu, lo mgomo uyasebenza: lapho kubanda kakhulu isimo sezulu, kuba ngaphansi umqhele.

Ukuthena izihlahla zama-apula e-Urals naseSiberia (kufaka ne-Altai)

Ezifundeni eziningi zaseSiberia nase-Urals, amaqembu amane ezinhlobonhlobo ayatholakala, okuthi amabili okuqala akhuliswe ngendlela enesihlahla noma esitsheni:

• I-Ranetki:
  • URanetka Ermolaeva;
  • Shintsha;
  • Barnaulochka;
  • UDobrynya nabanye.
• Okwezamasiko:
  • USouvenir wase-Altai;
  • IGorno-Altai;
  • I-Ermakovsky intaba;
  • U-Alyonushka nabanye.
• Izilokazane ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu (ezimweni ezinzima, zikhule zodwa ngesimo se-shale):
  • UMelba;
  • I-North Sinap;
  • Borovinka;
  • UWelsey nabanye.
• Ukuluka (izibonelo zezinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu ngaphezulu).

Izindlela zokunikeza isimo esithandekayo somqhele ochazwe ngaphambilini. Kwezinye zezinto zokuthenwa kwalezi zindawo ngukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yokuqothuka kwezinhlaka zamagatsha anamathambo kanye nama-semi-skeletal kumele abuyiselwe ngenxa yeziqongo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-top yokuqala enamandla bese uyinquma cishe ngama-30%, evimbela ukukhula futhi icasule ukwanda kwamagatsha. Ngosizo lokuthena izihlahla, ukuphunyula kuqondiswe ezinso esikhaleni samahhala somqhele. I-Pretty ngokushesha - kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-3-4 - phezulu iba igatsha elijwayelekile bese ingena ekuvandeni.

Isici sesibili ukufa okungenzeka kwamagatsha aseqhwa noma izingxenye zawo ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinga leqhwa. Kulokhu, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ususe ngokuphelele amahlumela athintekile ngenhla kwaleli zinga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kwakhiwa umqhele omusha emagatsheni aphansi njenge-bushy noma isigaxa esenziwe ngesitsha. Esigabeni sokuqala, wonke amahlumela akwenziwayo avumela ukuba akhule, futhi phakathi kwehlobo ayasikwa, ashiye ama-5-7 okuthuthuke kakhulu futhi anamandla kakhulu. Imvamisa ezimweni ezinjalo, umqhele ubuyiselwa eminyakeni eyi-1-2.

Ukuthena izihlahla zama-apula kulayini ophakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMoscow nesifunda seLeningrad

Kulezi zifunda, zonke izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla ziyatholakala. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungumbuzo we-expediency kanye nezinto azithandayo zomgcini wegadi. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-shag noma isihlahla akunakulindeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe lapha, kepha kungenzeka lokhu kuba khona. Ngokuqondene nemigomo yokusikeka, akhethwa entwasahlobo cishe ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari ngaseningizimu yendawo ephakathi naphakathi kukaMashi ngeSifunda saseMoscow kanye neSifunda saseLeningrad.

Izici zezihlahla zama-apula ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kufaka phakathi iKrasnodar Territory neCrimea

Nansi inkululeko ephelele. Noma yikuphi ukwakheka nanoma iyiphi imigomo iyasebenza - kusuka ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ingagawulwa ngisho nasebusika uma iqhwa lingawa ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C endaweni ekhulayo.

Phezu kobuningi bezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha umqhele wesihlahla sama-apula, lapho usubhekisisa kabanzi, lesi sigaba asisiyinkimbinkimbi kangako. Ngokufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo nemithetho yokwenza izihlahla, ngisho nomlimi oseqalayo angayenza. Into esemqoka ngasikhathi sinye ukungabi ukuqala kwesihlahla futhi usinakekele njalo umqhele waso. Kulokhu, ukuthengiswa okuphezulu kwezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezihlahla kuqinisekisiwe.