Umuthi we-apula we-Orlik ungenye yezinhlobo ezintsha eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, u-Orlik uphumelele esikhundleni sezinhlobonhlobo ezindala, ngoba inamapharamitha amahle kakhulu kuzo zombili izakhiwo zezithelo nasezimpawu zomuthi.
Incazelo yezinhlobo ze-Orlik
Ukusebenza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ze-Orlik kwaqala e-Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding emuva ngawo-1950. Lezi zivivinyo zahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kwathi ngo-1986 u-Orlik wabhaliswa kwiRegista Yombuso. Ababhali, u-E. N. Sedov noT. A. Trofimova, izinhlobonhlobo zagcotshwa ngesisekelo sezihlahla zasendulo zama-apula uMekintosh noB Bessemyanka Michurinskaya. I-Orlik yenzelwe izifunda eziMaphakathi, eziMaphakathi eMnyama kanye neziNyakatho-Ntshonalanga.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingeza-apula wasebusika, kepha izithelo azigcinwanga isikhathi eside, kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, manje okude kakhulu kurekhodi. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kuqala, izihlahla ngonyaka we-4 sezivele zinikeza izithelo zokuqala. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu, kepha ngesilinganiso esimisiwe: iminyaka ekhiqizayo ihlukile neminyaka lapho inani elincane lama-apula likhona esihlahleni. Eminyakeni enhle, kuze kufike ku-120 kg yama-apula avunwa esihlahleni sama-apula asindala. Ukuthathwa kwemifino kwenzeka emikhonto nakugloves. Ama-apula avunwa ngoSepthemba 15-30, alungele ukusetshenziswa. Uma ngabe usephuze ukuvuna, izithelo zibonisa kancane.
Umuthi ubonakala njengosayizi abaphakathi. Amagxolo abushelelezi, ukusuka ephuzi kuya kokhilimu onsundu. Umqhele ubumbene, uzungezwe ukwakheka, ukuqina okuphakathi. Amagatsha weSkeletal aqondiswa cishe ngokuvundlile, iziphelo zawo ziqondiswe phezulu. Amaqabunga makhulu, awugqinsi, aluhlaza okotshani obunama-pubescence. Ukuhlangana komqhele kukuvumela ukuthi utshale izihlahla ngokunenqwaba, okubaluleke kakhulu ezivandeni ezincane zekotishi. Ubulukhuni besihlahla sasebusika kanye nokumelana nesihlahla se-apula ukusabisa ezindaweni ezihlongozwayo kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngezansi -25 mayelanaNgokungenzeka kokona okuncane. Izimbali zikhulu, zidinga impova. Izinhlobo eziningi zingasebenza kuleli nani, ngokwesibonelo, iSpartak, i-Green May, iLebo, iMartovskoye, iSinap Orlovsky, njll.
Izihlahla ze-Orlik zixubene kakhulu kangangokuba zitshalwe ziningi kakhulu ezivandeni zezimboni kangangokuba zifana nezihlahla zokutshala
Izithelo zinosayizi abaphakathi, zinesisindo esingadluli ku-120 g, ziyindilinga noma zi-conical kancane, zibushelelezi. I-peduncle ingaphezulu kwesilinganiso sobukhulu, esifushane, isikhumba esinamafutha, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-wax emhlophe kukhona. Umbala oyisiphuzi ophuzi, wokubala - obomvu, ngemivimbo ecwebezelayo, umboza wonke umhlaba we-apula. I-Pulp kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokhilimu, okrwele kahle. Okuqukethwe kwejusi kuphakeme. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula yi-dessert, emuncu-okumnandi, kukalwa njengokuhle kakhulu: ngamaphuzu angu-4.4-4.6. Zisetshenziselwa okusha kanye nokwenza ijusi, kufaka nokudla kokudla.
Ama-apula amahle, kepha awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi makhulu
Izinhlobonhlobo zidlangile ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo ezilandelayo:
- ukungena ekuqaleni kokuthwala;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukugcina okuhle kwekhwalithi yama-apula;
- i-dessert, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- isihlahla esihlangene;
- ukungathobeki kwemibandela.
Phakathi kokushiyeka kukhona ukuthululwa kwama-apula avuthiwe kanye nemvamisa ekhulunywayo yokuveza izithelo.
Ividiyo: Isihlahla sama-apula se-Orlik ngesivuno
Ukutshala isihlahla se-apula se-Orlik
Njengoba ukubumbana kwesihlahla kukuvumela ukuthi kutshalwe ezindaweni ezincane, lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi: phakathi kwama-apula alolu hlobo ungashiya amamitha ayi-2-2,5 kuphela. Izinhlobonhlobo zizizwa zizinhle emithambekeni eseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engekho eduze kwamamitha ayi-2 ngaphezulu. Ukuvikela emimoyeni, bazama ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula i-Orlik eduze kwendlu noma uthango. Inhlabathi ekahle ilamula okhanyayo kanye nesihlabathi esikhulu.
Ividiyo: Isihlahla se-apula sika-Orlik uthango
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lo muthi we-apula utshalwa ikakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo (ngemuva kokuncipha kwenhlabathi) kusetshenzisiwe ukutshala, enyakatho atshalwe entwasahlobo: kusuka ekutshaleni ekwindla, umuthi we-apula ungahlupheka ebusika, ngoba awunaso isikhathi sokujwayela. Imvamisa izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa noma ezimbili zitshalwa, zinamagxolo abushelelezi, izimpande ezithuthukisiwe nendawo yokugoma evumayo.
Uma imali ikhona futhi kungenzeka, ungathenga isithombo esitsheni: kulula ukusitshala, futhi ungakwenza lokhu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ukufiswa kwenziwa ngendlela yendabuko. Kungcono ukuthi ugaye isiza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, wenze ibhakede le-humus ngemitha yesikwele. Ukumba umgodi wokutshala izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo akukukhulu kakhulu: 60-70 cm kuzo zonke ubukhulu kwanele. Kudingeka ungqimba omncane wamanzi phansi, bese kuba khona inhlabathi evundile ekhishwa emgodini, ehlanganiswe ngaphambili ngamabhakede ama-2 we-humus, ilitha lomthamo wokhuni kanye nama-200 g we-superphosphate. Ukulungiselela umgodi, owenziwa emasontweni ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala, kugxotshwa isigxobo esinamandla sokufaka.
Umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu abudingeki
Lapho ifika:
- Izimpande zesithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evulekile zifakwe emanzini ngosuku, bese zixutywa engxenyeni yobumba, mullein nasemanzini.
Isikhulumi sembotshana sisiza izithombo ukuthi zikhule ngokushesha
- Ngemuva kokukhipha inani elifanele lomhlabathi emgodini, beka isithombo ukuze intamo yezimpande ingama-6-7 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Ukunquma ukuphakama, ungasebenzisa ujantshi oqondile: isithombo esisesithombeni kumele siphakanyiswe
- Kancane kancane ngilala izimpande zenhlabathi esusiwe, uyinyathele ngesandla, bese ngonyawo. Bopha isiqu esigxotsheni bese uthele amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngaphansi kwesithombo. Umsuka wempande uzobe wehla futhi ube ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu komhlaba.
Bopha noma iyiphi intambo eqinile kodwa ethambile
- Dweba i-roller emaphethelweni omgodi wokufika, ugobe umhlabathi ngensimbi encanyana ye-humus noma i-peat.
I-roller iyadingeka ukuze amanzi wokunisela angahambi ngeze
- Ekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma kutholakala, amagatsha asemuva ancishiswa yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu (ekwindla, izihlahla zithwalwa ziye entwasahlobo).
Uma umhlabathi womile kakhulu, amanzi amaningi angadingeka ekuniseleni.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ekunakekeleni isihlahla sama-apula i-Orlik awufani nalawo asezingeni lezinye izihlahla zama-apula ebusika, kodwa izici zezinhlobonhlobo zishiya ukubekwa okuthile ekuqineni kwawo. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu obuncane bomqhele kanye neqiniso lokuthi amagatsha asuka esiqwini cishe ekhoneni elifanele asiza kakhulu ukusika nokubumba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvuna okuningi kudinga ukufakwa okuphoqelekile kwamanzi asemuva ngaphansi kwamagatsha alayishiwe njengoba kuthululelwa ama-apula. Kodwa ukungahambisani nesithwathwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwesihlahla kuyakhathaza kulezo zifunda lapho kukhona khona iqhwa elinamandla iqhwa elinganele.
I-Orlik ayihambisani nesomiso, ngakho esimweni sezulu esivamile, esenzeka emendweni ophakathi nendawo, umuthi wama-apula awuvamile ukuniselwa. Endabeni yokungabikho isikhathi eside kwemvula, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kwenziwa ama-ovari nokukhula okukhulu kwama-apula. Ezimweni eziningi, isihlahla sama-apula sigcinwa ngaphansi kwesod, sihlwanyela amakhambi ahlukahlukene esibuthanweni esiseduze nesiqu bese siwugunda ngesikhathi “somanyolo”. Kulokhu, ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi. Ukunisela okuningana ngaphambi kobusika nakho kubalulekile ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Abalimi abaningi bayazixosha isidingo sokumba unyaka nonyaka wesiyingi sesiqu
Uma ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama-apula kugcina inhlabathi yamahhala, okuthiwa. "umusi omnyama", ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele ukhululwe, ususe ukhula. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili betshale, baqala ukondla umuthi we-apula. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, i-Orlik ayihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kufika ku-200 g ye-urea ehlakazekile ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kuthi ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi yomile, amabhakede ama-humus angama-2-3 angeniswa emigodini emincane. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngezisombululo zamanyolo zomanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi kubalulekile. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu, i-hoe ivaliwe ingafika ku-250 g we-superphosphate.
Kubalulekile ukwakha isihlahla ngokufanelekile ukuthi kamuva, phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala, kusikwe kuphela ukuhlanzeka (ukususa amagatsha omile, aphukile futhi angakhuli ngokufanele). Ukwenza izihlahla kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinezithelo ezifakwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okubandakanya i-Orlik. Ngeke ikwazi ukwenza isihlahla sama-apula ukuthi sikhiqize izitshalo eziningi zaminyaka yonke, kepha ngezinga elithile sizolungisa ukuguquguquka kwesivuno. Kuyisiko ukwakhela isihlahla sama-apula i-Orlik ngohlobo olunwebekile.
- Uma ingane eneminyaka emibili itshalwe, amagatsha ayo anqunywa masinyane abe yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, esimweni seminyaka eyodwa, ihlumela lincishiswe libe ngu-0,6 m.
- Lapho amagatsha asohlangothini lokuqala ekhula, khetha amathathu amahle kakhulu, aqondiswe ngokulandelana ngezindlela ezihlukile, uwavumelanise ngobude, kepha umqhubi uphakeme kuno-15 cm kunabo.
- Ngemuva konyaka, ngendlela efanayo, ihlazo lesibili lakhiwa amagatsha ama-3-4 akhiwe ngo-40-50 cm ukuphakama kunawokuqala. Mayelana nehlazo lesithathu lamagatsha ama-2-3, izinketho zingenzeka: akubona bonke abalimi abazihlelayo esihlahleni sama-apula salokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukutholakala kwamagatsha kuma-engeli angakwesokudla esiqwini kwenza ukuhlangana kube ngokuqinile impela, kepha ukuskena kungenzeka ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo, ngakho-ke lokho okwenziwa emuva kuyaphoqelekile.
Izindawo ezikhethekile zangemuva ziyatholakala, kepha noma yiziphi izitebhisi ezizolunga engadini.
Labo balimi abazama ukuphoqa u-Orlik ukuthi athele izithelo ngonyaka ngesilinganiso sesitshalo, asusa ama-30% amaqanda. Noma ngabe kunesidingo salokhu, wonke umuntu uyazinqumela yena, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ama-apula aba mkhulu ngokwengeziwe, futhi imvamisa iyancipha ngokwezinga elithile, kepha izici zezinhlobonhlobo ngeke zikwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle minyaka yonke.
Izihlahla ezindala, njengokuwohloka kwezithelo, zenziwa kabusha ngokuthenwa okunamandla
Umuthi kumele ulungiselelwe ubusika. Ngaphezu kokunisela ekwindla, isiqu kanye nezisekelo zamagatsha wamathambo kwenziwa mhlophe, ukugcinwa kweqhwa kuyenziwa. Iziqu zezihlahla ezincane zigoqwe ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Izifo nezinambuzane, ukulwa nazo
Umuthi we-apula we-Orlik uphakathi nendawo ukumelana nawo, futhi kungenzeka isifo se-powdery hlobo. Ezinye izifo azivamile. Isikhumba siyingozi kakhulu eminyakeni emanzi, i-powdery isikhutha eminyakeni eyomile.
Ithebula: izifo eziphambili zemithi yama-apula kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
| Isifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| Isikali | Izinkungu ezinamahlwili nokuqina kuyizimo ezifanele zokukhula kwesikhunta. Kuvela amabala amnyama kumahlamvu nezithelo. Amacembe ayoma futhi awele, izindawo ezithintekile ezithelweni ziqina futhi ziqhekeke. | Musa ukuqina ukutshala kwezithelo. Susa amahlamvu awile. | Futha ngesixazululo esingu-1% seTsineba, eKuprozan ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa. |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Kumaqabunga, amahlumela, ama-inflorescence amafomu amhlophe a-powdery coating. Ukhula luphenduka lube nsundu bese luyawa, amahlumela abe mnyama futhi afe. Ukuwohloka kwesibeletho okuthintekile. Lesi sifo sikhula kakhulu ngezikhathi ezomile. | Gcina umswakama ofanele ezindaweni ezitshalekile. Lahla amaqabunga awileyo. | Lapho ama-buds avela nangemva kokudonsa kwawo, fafaza ngezixazululo ze-Chorus (2 g / 10 l), Impact (50 ml / 10 l). |
| Ibala elinsundu | Izinhlamvu zefungus zisakazeka ngokushesha esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Amacembe ambozwe amabala ansundu. Ngokukhula okuqinile kwalesi sifo, amaqabunga ayoma aqhume ngaphambi kwesikhathi. | Khipha umqhele. Shisisa imfucumfucu yesitshalo. | Fafaza ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza ngezimbali ngo-0.5% weKaptan, isixazululo se-Tsineba esingu-0.4%. |
Kwezinambuzane, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Orlik ziyefana nezihlahla ze-apula zezinye izinhlobo: isidla sezinyosi, inundu lokufaka ikhodi, isimbuzane sesicabucabu kanye ne-apula ye-apid.
Ithebula: Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane ze-Apple
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Izindlela zokulawula |
| I-Apple moth | Umbungu we-codling moth uququda isithelo, ufika egumbini lembewu, udle imbewu. Ama-aphula alimaze awele ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Inkathazo ingabhubhisa kufika ku-90% wesilimo. | Ukuhlanza amagxolo akhona. Sebenzisa izicupho ze-pheromone. | Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 nangemva kokususa izithelo, fafaza nge-0,05% isixazululo seDitox, isixazululo esingu-1% seZolon. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Isinambuzane, sicashe ngaphansi kweshidi, silifaka ngethwathwa elincanyana. Ingaphezulu lepuleti leqabunga libunjiwe. Amahlamvu ayobuna. Ukubonakala kwesilonda kunomthelela esimweni sezulu esishisayo esomile. | Khulula umhlabathi. Qinisekisa ukutshala. | Phatha ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa ngesisombululo se-4% se-Oleuprit, Nitrafen (200 g / 10 L). Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, fafaza ngesisombululo se-Fitoverm (10 ml / 10 l), futhi - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21. |
| Imbabala yezimbali | Izilokazane zibulala amagxolo ezihlahleni namahlamvu awile. Entwasahlobo, lapho umoya ufudumala ungafika ku-60 ° C, uvele ungene emqhele bese ubeka amaqanda ezinso. Izibungu zidla ingaphakathi ihlumela, zenze buthaka izimbali. | Ukususa isiqu segxolo elomile. Sebenzisa izicupho namabhande eglue. Nyakazisa izinambuzane. Chitha amaqabunga awile. | Fafaza ukuvuvukala kwezinso ngesixazululo sikilayimu (1.5 kg / 10 l). Ukucubungula ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa nalapho izinso selivuvukala, isixazululo se-Decis, i-Novaction (10 ml / 10 l). |
| Ama-aphid | Imiphanda yase-aphid, ixazulula ngamaqabunga kanye namahlumela, yincela ujusi kuyo. Amahlamvu athintekile ayaba, enza mnyama futhi omile. | Chitha imfucumfucu yesitshalo. Flash izinambuzane ngejet yamanzi. | Fafaza ngaphambi kokuhluma ngesixazululo seNitrafen (300 g / 10 L). Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqanda, phatha ngesixazululo se-Actara (1 g / 10 l), Fitoverma (5 ml / 1 l). |
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ngibonga kakhulu ukunambitheka okuhle kuka-Aphrodite no-Orlik. Labo abanalezi zinhlobonhlobo bangakhula ngesiqu sabo, singasho, ngenhlanhla enkulu.
Andy tucker
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=3955&start=1125
Kungani lashaya kuphela nesithwathwa? UCandy, i-Legend, i-Red Red - banempilo enhle, kepha lesi sihlahla se-apula, u-Orlik, asola ukusibuka ...
UAnna
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=30878
I-apula elimnandi ngempela engingalidla ngqo esihlahleni se-EAGLE.
Musya
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/58649/page-71
Uma kunesifiso nethuba, zama u-Orlik, lokhu kungukuhlukahluka okuphathelene nesifunda, kungenzeka ukuthi sinambitheke kunazo zonke ebusika, kulezo engizame zona, zinambitheka kakade ekwindla futhi zingokuqala ukuthengwa emakethe, zincane kuphela ngosayizi.
Andrey
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=120243
Le nhlobonhlobo yesihlahla se-apula isanda kuvuthwa ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ungadla ngaphambili, kepha abukho ubumnandi obunjalo kubo. Ngayithanda futhi angizange ngiyithande ngasikhathi sinye ukuthi ama-aphula ambalwa kakhulu awela ngokwawo. Kwakudingeka ngiyithathe ngezandla zami, ngikhuphuke futhi kwakunzima ukuwa, ngoba umuthi wawumkhulu ngokwanele, ama-apula ahlala elenga evela phezulu, awakwazanga ukuwuthatha. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo eziningi zama-apula - ezinoshukela, omuncu, obomvu, ezingapholi masisha, kuhle ukudla ujusi futhi.
U-Alice
//otzovik.com/review_5408454.html
I-Apple Tree Orlik ingummeleli omuhle wezinhlobo zasebusika. Uma kungenjalo nge-periodicity of fruiting, kungabhekwa njengenye yezimpumelelo ezinhle kakhulu zabafuyi bezolimo yekota yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka eledlule.
