Izitshalo

Ukulinywa kwezihlahla zeapula ze-Antonovka

U-Antonovka ubesaziwa isikhathi eside. Kunamakhophi asevele eseneminyaka engu-150 ngisho engu-200. Iphunga lale apula elimangalisayo ekhulwini lokugcina laziwa kude nemingcele yaseRussia, lapho, ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwavela ngenxa yokukhethwa kwabantu. Uyathandwa eYurophu nase-Afrika, lapho alethwa khona, ehlushwa i-nostalgia, abafuduki. Ungakhula kuphi futhi kanjani, u-Antonovka, yiziphi izinhlobo anazo, sizosiza umlimi ukuthi azitholele.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zayo ezidumile

Umlando we-Antonovka mude futhi uyadida. E-Russia, Belarus nase-Ukraine kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule, kube nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinamakhulu amabili, izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-Antonovka. Ngokokukhuluma ngokuqinile, lokhu akuyona inhlobonhlobo, kepha kuyahlukahluka, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi. Vele, iningi lale "zinhlobo" lihlobene. Ngisho nakuRejista Yombuso, lapho kwaqokwa khona u-Antonovka vulgaris ngo-1947, izifanekisombhalo eziyisishiyagalombili zezinhlobonhlobo zikhonjisiwe: i-Antonovka, i-Antonovka Kurskaya, i-Antonovka elula, inkomishi ka-Antonovka, i-apula lase-Antonovskaya, i-Wax ophuzi, iDukhovoe, iKrasnoglazovskaya. Ngokokuqala ngqa u-Antonovka ngaphansi kwaleli gama wachazwa ngo-1848 nguN.I. Krasnoglazov. Kuthunyelwe esifundeni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, Ural, Mid-Volga kanye nasezifundeni zaseSiberia zase-East. Ikhule ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Ukraine, kulo lonke iBelarus, iYurophu, i-Algeria, neTunisia nakwamanye amazwe.

Ama-apula e-Antonovka akhulele enyakatho yeBryansk, Orel, Lipetsk, Michurinsk abhekwa njengobusika. Ukhule eningizimu yalayini, ube nesikhathi sokuswelwa kwekwindla. Ubusika be-hardness buphakeme. Ukuqhakaza kamuva, umuthi wama-apula umelana nokubuyisa iqhwa. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazuthelela, futhi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izithelo, i-Pepin saffron, i-Wellsie, imicu ye-Autumn, i-Anise itshalwe eduze kwayo. Ukuzala kuphansi - kuveza izithelo zokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-7-8 ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, futhi emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 sekuvele kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esingathengiswa. Ukukhiqiza kuphakeme, kepha hhayi njalo. Ezingadini zezimboni, ama-200 c / ha atholakala ngokuqinile, kwesinye isikhathi ama-500 kanye namakhilogremu angaphezu kwenkulungwane asusiwe ezihlahleni ezinkulu zama-apula.

Ngokuya kweRegional State, u-Antonovka uhlatshwa uqwebu futhi kakhulu ngebhu. I-VNIISPK - Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Sezithelo Sase-All-Russian - sibiza izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo futhi ezingabekezeleleki ezifweni, kanye nokwanda kwamabala aphakathi kuphela eminyakeni ye-epiphytoties enzima (ukusabalala kwezifo zezitshalo ezindaweni ezinkulu).

Umuthi lo unamandla, unomqhele ophakemeko okhulunyako namagatsha amakhulu. Ngobudala, zisatshalaliswa emaphathini, zikhule kakhulu. Ukuthathwa kwemifino kwenziwa kuma-ringworms kanye nemikhonto etholakala phezu kwezinkuni ezineminyaka emine ubudala, futhi imvamisa ngokhuni oluneminyaka emibili. Izihlahla zikhula isikhathi eside, kunezinhlobo esezifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-150-200.

I-Antonovka inesihlahla mude esinomqhele obanzi, omfushane

Izithelo, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zakudala, azihambelani. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-apula singama-gramu ayi-120-150, isilinganiso singama-300 amagremu. Isimo sezithelo sisuka kuflethi-nxazonke ziye kwele-oval-conical, kwesinye isikhathi siyisilayidi esinendawo ebanzi noma ebanzi. I-peduncle emfushane ebambile ibamba i-apula kahle esihlahleni kuze kube yilapho sekuvuthiwe. Isikhumba sicwebezelwe, sinamafutha kancane, sinamakha, sigcwala ekujuleni kwe-funnel. Lapho ususwa, umbala uluhlaza okotshani, bese uphenduka otshani-ophuzi. Kancane kancane i-pink noma i-golden tan isendaweni engenamsebenzi ye-apula. Amaphoyinti amakhulu amaningi acashile wombala omhlophe abonakala ngokucacile.

Inyama imphuzi kancane, ijusi, nokubhula. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kuhle kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa futhi ngephunga eliqinile le- “Antonovskiy” lamaapula avuthiwe.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuthathwa nguSepthemba. Impilo yeshelf izinyanga ezintathu. Ukwelashwa nge-antioxidant kukuvumela ukuthi uyelule inyanga. Ukuthuthwa kwezithelo kuphezulu. Inhloso ikuyo yonke indawo. Zisetshenziswa okusha, ujamu, ujamu, ujamu, ama-compotes, amajusi enziwa apula ama-Antonov. Ithandwa kakhulu kwifomu elifakiwe.

Ama-apula afakwe emanzini Antonovka

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-pectins (i-polysaccharide yemvelo yemvelo engaguqula uketshezi ku-gel), ama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Antonovka ukuphela kwento yokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa kwe-pastel yeBelevskaya eyaziwa kakhulu, eye yakhiqizwa esifundeni saseTula kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ukusuka ku-Antonovka yenza i-pastila edumile yaseBelevsky

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo

Izinzuzo ze-Antonovka zifaka:

  • Izimo eziphezulu zemvelo.
  • Ukuqina kobusika.
  • Ukukhiqiza
  • Ukunambitheka okuhle nephunga lesithelo.
  • Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pectin, okwenza izinhlobonhlobo zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-pastille, i-marmalade.
  • Izithelo ezinhle ukuthutha.
  • Ukubekezelela isomiso.

Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo:

  • Impilo yeshelufu elinganele lama-apula, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
  • Imvamisa yokwenza izithelo.
  • Ukuchayeka kwezifo zesibazi kanye nokulimala kwenundu.

Ividiyo: ukubuyekeza kwesihlahla sama-apula i-Antonovka ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha

I-Antonovka imhlophe

Lesi sihlahla se-apula asitholanga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi futhi manje sitholakala kuphela ezivandeni ezindala. Inezithelo ezinkulu (ezingama-150 amagremu), izithelo ezimhlophe ezinhle ngokubabazekayo. Ukunambitheka kwabo kune-acidic ukwedlula okuka-Antonovka vulgaris, iphunga alikhulunyelwa kangako. Kuqoqwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Azigciniwe isikhathi eside - zithathwe ekuqaleni - kuze kube nguNovemba, zithathwe sekwedlule isikhathi - zithululelwa emthini futhi azigcini ngokugcinwa. I-VNIISPK futhi iphawula ubunzima bokuphansi kobusika bezinhlobonhlobo, ukuthambekela okuthe xaxa kokugoba kanye nokubola kwezithelo.

Edolobhaneni elinegama lothando uLipovaya Dolina, elisenyakatho ye-Ukraine (esifundeni saseSumy), endaweni yokuzilibazisa yomphakathi, izihlahla ezihlukene zama-apula zikhula eceleni kwe-alley. Kubandakanya izingcezu ezingaba ngu-10-20 zezinhlobo ezimhlophe ze-Antonovka. Badala impela - baneminyaka engaba ngu-40-50 ubudala. Ukuza ukuvakashela izihlobo ngo-Agasti, mina nomkami sihlala sithokozela izithelo ezimnandi, ezinoshukela zalezi zihlahla zama-apula. Kuyadabukisa ukubona ukuthi zinyamalala kanjani zibhoboka. Kunama-aphula amaningi futhi akekho obaqoqayo. Ukunambitheka kwalawa ma-apula ngandlela-thile kunama-acid amaningi kune-Antonovka ejwayelekile, kepha yilokhu ngqo esikuthandayo. Yini ethokozisayo - asikaze simbone izihlahla zithintwe yisibazi, futhi nama-apula angama-wormy awalelanga kithi. Kodwa-ke, akekho oziqhubayo futhi zikhula zodwa. Kuliqiniso, ekwindla, abahlali bahlela ama-subbotniks, aqoqe amaqabunga awileyo, asike amagatsha omile, iziqu ze-whitewash, abambe imibuthano yesihlahla.

I-Antonovka emhlophe Izinhlobo zakudala zokukhethwa kwabantu i-Autumn. Ngezindlela eziningi, ifana ne-Antonovka ejwayelekile, kepha izihlahla nazo zonke izitho zabelungu le-Antonovka zibukeka zinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Kuyi-diploid futhi iwela kahle i-Antonovka vulgaris, ephikisana nombono wokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zingezimpawu zama-Antonovka vulgaris. Mhlawumbe lokhu yisithombo sakhe. I-hardness yasebusika nokumelana kwe-scab yezithelo namaqabunga kuphansi kunale kwe-Antonovka vulgaris. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu. Izihlahla ezikhula ngokuqinile ezinomqhele onamandla wobubanzi obukhulu, nobukhulu obuphakathi. Amahlumela namagatsha awugqinsi. Izithelo ze-Antonovka ezimhlophe zikhudlwana (ngokwesisindo esiyi-150 g), zibanzi kakhulu, zinezici ezinobukhulu obukhulu, zimbambo kakhulu, zincane kakhulu, ziyindilinga, zide ezihlahleni ezincane. Isikhumba se-fetus mncane, siminyene, sibushelelezi, sicwengekile. Umbala oyinhloko uluhlaza okotshani, ngokuvuthwa okugcwele cishe kumhlophe. I-totgumentary - ngesimo sokufiphala okukhanyayo okukhanyayo ohlangothini lwelanga noma engekho.

Ama-apula ka-Antonovka White akhulu impela

I-pulp ye-fetus imhlophe, ilukhuni, inomunyu, ukunambitheka okumuncu, ngesipayisi esikhanyayo. Izinga lokunambitha lezithelo liphansi kunelase-Antonovka elivamile. Izithelo ze-Antonovka ezimhlophe zivuthwa ngaphambili nje kwalokho kwe-Antonovka ejwayelekile, ukuvuthwa okususwayo kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Babonakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezithelo, zigcinwa kancane. Ngokukhetha ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, nge-belated encane, aqala ukuthulula emthini futhi awakulungele ukugcinwa. Ukunambitheka akukushisi kangako. Kungenzeka kakhulu, izithelo zokucubungula.

I-Autumn, eMoscow

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I-dessert yase-Antonovka

Izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe ngu-S.I. Isaev, umfuyi owaziwayo waseRussia, umfundi we-I.V. Michurin, ngokuwela u-Antonovka vulgaris noSaffron Pepin. Umphumela uba muthi ophakathi nendawo onomqhele oyindilinga. Ukuzala kuphezulu, ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Ikhula eCentral Russia nasenyakatho ye-Ukraine. E-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, atshalwa emathafeni angakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa nasezimpondweni zemifino emincane. Ukukhiqiza kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-120 ngesihlahla ngasinye. Ama-apula anesisindo esilinganiselwe sama-200 amagremu anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo nge-tint kirimu kanye nokubomvu okubomvu. Baqamba amanga kuze kuphele uMashi. Ukunambitheka kunambitheka kancane kunokwe-Antonovka ejwayelekile.

Ama-apula we-Dessert Antonovka ane-blush encane ebomvu

I-dessert yase-Antonovka. Iphakeme ngokunambitheka kwezinye i-Antonovka, kepha iphansi kubo ngesivinini. Izinkathi ezimbili zokugcina seziqala ukudumazeka:

1. Noma kunjalo, isibazi simangele. Lo nyaka uphinde wathinteka ngokubola kwezithelo. 2. Alivumelani nesikhathi esibekiwe sokulondolozwa kuze kube uMashi - Ephreli. Amaphesenti amakhulu ezithelo alahlekelwa yisimo sazo ngoJanuwari. Ngifikelwa esiphethweni sokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zisekupheleni kwekwindla.

I-Autumn, eMoscow

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Igolide le-Antonovka

Ayikwazanga ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nemvelaphi yalezinhlobonhlobo nomlobi wayo. Kunezincazelo kuwebhu kuphela eziphindaphindwa kaningi, njengekhophi lekhabhoni, okungabazekayo. I-Egorievsky i-nursery (isifunda saseMoscow) inikezela ngentengiso yezithombo zegolide ze-Antonovka. Sithemba imininingwane yakhe:

  • Umuthi ongahambisani nomkhaba, othela izithelo iminyaka engama-5-6 ngemuva kokutshala.
  • Ukukhiqiza kungamakhilogremu angama-250 esihlahleni esisodwa.
  • Isisindo se-Apple singama-250 amagremu.
  • Umbala wegolide.
  • I-pulp inomnandi, iphunga.
  • Ukunambitheka kumnandi, okumuncu-okumnandi.
  • Ukuvuthwa ukuphela kuka-Agasti.
  • Impilo yeshelf izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

    Izithombe ze-apula legolide i-Antonovka kusuka endaweni ye-Egorievsky nursery

Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ze-Antonovka entwasahlobo

I-Antonovka itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesithombo esisodwa noma emibili yeminyaka, etholakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungcono ekwindla. Kuze kube entwasahlobo, igcinwa egumbini elingaphansi lokushisa okungu-0- + 5 ° C noma imbiwe emhlabathini. Ekwindla, balungiselela nomgodi wokufika.

Ungatshala kuphi isihlahla sama-apula i-Antonovka esizeni

Njengoba umqhele wesihlahla unobubanzi obukhulu, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze lishiywa okungenani ngamamitha angama-4-5 ngamamamitha ama-5-6. Uma izithombo zitholakala kububanzi obuphakathi, okuphakathi noma okumaphakathi okuyizipande, khona-ke lawo mabanga ancishiswa ngokulandelana ngokuya ngezimpawu zesitshalo esithile. I-Antonovka ayithandi inhlabathi enamanzi nokubekwa eduze komhlaba. Kungcono ukukhetha isiza sayo emthambekeni omncane oseningizimu (kufika ku-10-15 °), uvikeleke emimoyeni ebandayo nasekubhalweni okusenyakatho ngasenyakatho ngezihlahla ezinde, udonga lwesakhiwo, uthango. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isihlahla sama-apula kufanele sikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, umqhele waso kufanele ungene umoya.

Ungawulungiselela kanjani umgodi wokutshala i-Apple Tree Antonovka

Izimpande ze-Antonovka zidinga ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okuvulekile. Ngokuncamelayo ukubopha, isalamu yesihlabathi noma i-chernozem. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpande ze-Antonovka zitholakala ikakhulu ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-0,5-0.7 nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-1,0-1,2. Ngaphandle kwalawa masayizi, izimpande azivamile. Ngakho-ke, usayizi womgodi wokufika akufanele ube ngaphansi kokukhonjisiwe, kepha emhlabathini ompofu, isibonelo, enesihlabathi, edwaleni, umthamo womgodi ukhuphuka kakhulu.

Lapho ulungiselela umgodi wokufika, ungqimba olunenhlabathi olungaphezulu lubekelwa eceleni ukuze luqhubeke lusetshenziswe

Ukugcwalisa imigodi kuzodingeka ngamanani alinganayo:

  • i-chernozem;
  • humus noma umquba;
  • Peat;
  • isihlabathi (ngaphandle kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi enamadwala).

Amagremu ama-30 we-superphosphate kanye nama-200- 300 amagremu we-ash ash lokhuni afakwa ebhokisini ngalinye lenhlanganisela enjalo. Igcwaliswe phezulu, umgodi umbozwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo ngezinto ezingangenwa ngamanzi (ifilimu, okokuphahla, njll.).

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala umuthi we-apula

Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho imvelo ingakashayi kuze kube manje, kepha ihlumela seliseduze kokugcwala, nomhlaba wafudumala wafinyelela ku- + 5-10 ° C, baqala ukutshala:

  1. Isithombo sithathwa endaweni yokugcina kanye nezimpande zayo emanzini zifakwe emanzini amahora angama-2-4.
  2. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuvulwa umgodi bese kuthi ingxenye yenhlabathi isuswe kuwo ukuze izimpande zesithombo zikwazi ukungena kahle emgodini owakhiwe.
  3. Ngezansi komgodi, kwakhiwa indunduma encane yobumba futhi, kude nendawo, kude nesikhuni, kuphakama isikhonkwane sokhuni esingamamitha angu-0.7-1.2 ukuphakama. Ukuze uthembeke, ungashayela ngezikhonkwane ezimbili ezinhlangothini eziphambene nendawo ephakathi nendawo yomgodi.
  4. Kukhishwe emanzini, izimpande zesithombo zifafazwa ngeKornevin powder.
  5. Yehlisela isitshalo emgodini, ubeke intamo yezimpande ngaphezulu kwefolishi bese usakaza izimpande eceleni kwethambeka.

    Yehlisela isitshalo emgodini, ubeke intamo yezimpande ngaphezulu kwefolishi bese usakaza izimpande eceleni kwethafa

  6. Zigcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi ekhishwe kuwo, zihlanganisa ungqimba ngokwendlalelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, qiniseka ukuthi ikhola yezimpande ihlala isezingeni lomhlabathi.
  7. Bopha isiqu sesitshalo kwizikhonkwane usebenzisa izinto zokunwebeka.

    Bopha isiqu sesitshalo kwizikhonkwane ngezinto ezenziwe ngobukhulu

  8. Kwenziwa isiyingi sesiqu futhi umuthi uniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi.
  9. Sika i-apex ebangeni lamamitha ayi-0.8-1.2 ukusuka emhlabathini bese unciphisa amagatsha ngo-20-30%.
  10. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, inhlabathi iyathukululwa futhi imbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch 10-15 cm amasentimitha.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, i-Antonovka isihlahla sama-apula esingenakuzithoba. Ukuyinakekela kulula, futhi izici zayo ikakhulukazi azihlotshaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa nesitoko lapho isihlahla esithile sikhule khona.

Ukunisela nokondla

Ukunisela kubalulekile eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala. Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-4-5, bazodinga okungenani i-8-10 ngesizini. Esikhathini esizayo, inani labo liyancipha kancane kancane, ebudaleni kungenzeka kakhulu ukwenze nabathathu noma abane. Eminyakeni yemvula, akenzi ngaphandle kokunisela nhlobo. Awukwazi ukunisela isihlahla sama-apula amasonto angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.

Iminyaka engama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe minyaka yonke.

Ithebula: Umanyolo esihlahleni samahhabhula u-Antonovka

UmanyoloIzinsuku ZokusebenzaIzindlela ZokusebenzisaUmthamo
Amaminerali
Okuqukethe i-phosphorus (Superphosphate, Super Agro)I-Autumn, njalo ngonyakaNgaphansi kokumba30-40 g / m2
Okuqukethe iNitrogen (Urea, ammonium nitrate, Nitroammofoska)Entwasahlobo, njalo ngonyaka
I-potassium-equkethe (i-potassium monophosphate, i-potassium sulfate)Ehlobo, ngonyakaNgefomu elincibilikisiwe lapho uthambisa10-20 g / m2
KuhlanganisiweNgokusho kwemiyalo
Okuphilayo
I-humus, umquba noma ubusi bezitheloAutumn kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4Ngaphansi kokumba5-7 kg / m2
Ukugqokwa okuphezulu kokugqokaEhlobo, ukugqoka kuka-3-4 ngokuphumula kwamasonto ama-2-3Ukufakwa kwe-Mullein emanzini (2 kuya ku-10), imithambo yezinyoni emanzini (1 kuya ku-10) noma utshani obusha emanzini (1 kuya ku-2) buhlanjululwe ngamanzi futhi buniselwe1 l / m2

Ukuqamba nokunye ukusikeka

Kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele wesihlahla eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila kwawo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza umqhele wezihlahla zezithelo. Komuthi omude ka-Antonovka ngokwesiko, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa ifomu elingumqhele le-sparse-tier, elizama ukunqanda ukukhula kwalo ezingeni lamamitha ayi-4-5.

Endabeni yokutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezisekelweni ezinobukhulu obuphakathi noma obumfishane, isiketi esenziwe ngenkomishi noma esenziwe ngesundu (lapho sikhula kuma-trellises, noma emaceleni obondeni nasezindongeni zezakhiwo) ukwakheka komqhele kungalunga.

Ngaphezu ekubumbeni, i-trim yokulawula nayo iyasetshenziswa. Inhloso yawo ukunciphisa umqhele obukhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukungena ngaphakathi kwelanga nokuthola umoya omusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele nangaphezulu (iziqongo), uhlangana. Lezi izihlahla zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa.

Futhi futhi njalo ngonyaka ekwindla, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kufanele kwenziwe ngokususa amagatsha owomile, onakalisiwe, onesifo.

Igalari yezithombe: izindlela zokwenza isihlahla sama-apula

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Njengoba sesibonile encazelweni, akukho ukuvumelana ngokutholakala kwesifo ku-Antonovka noma ukungagonywa kubo.Ngokunokwenzeka, okuningi kuncike esifundeni sokutshala kanye nenhlabathi yakhona kanye nezimo zezulu. Ezindaweni ezinamahlobo atshisayo futhi apholile, iqabunga lingalimaza kakhulu i-Antonovka, nasezindaweni ezinobusika obufudumele, i-powdery hlobo luvame. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanelekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi nokunempilo okuqhubekayo nokunempilo.

Ukuvimbela

Kule misebenzi, umlimi ngeke abone lutho olusha kuye - sigcizelela ukubaluleka kwabo kuphela bese sibhala kafushane.

  • Ukuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awele ekwindla.
  • Ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi yemibuthano eseduze-nesiqu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
  • I-lime emhlophe yeziqu kanye namagatsha wamathambo.
  • Icubungula nesixazululo esingu-3% se-sulfate yethusi yomqhele nomhlabathi ekwindla sekwedlule kanye / noma kwentwasahlobo.
  • Ukwelashwa ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane (DNOC, Nitrafen) ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa.
  • Ukufakwa kwamabhande okuzingela.
  • Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngama-insecticides okuhloswe ngawo ukulwa nenundu nezinye izinambuzane. Owokuqala wenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, owesibili - ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali futhi olunye lube sezinsukwini eziyishumi emva kwesibili. Kwenziwe amalungiselelo uDecis, uFufanon, uSpark nabanye.
  • Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela nge-fungicides ehlelekile zokuvimbela uqweqwe, i-powdery isikhutha nezinye izifo zesikhunta. Faka i-Chorus (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza), i-Scor, Strobes, Fitosporin nabanye.

Izifo ezinkulu

Njengoba sekushiwo, izifo eziphambili ze-Antonovka zingamaphiko.

Isikali

Umenzeli wayo we-causative hibernates amaqabunga awile. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izinhlamvu zomoya zikhuphuka zingene emqheleni futhi, ngenxa yolwelwesi lwamafinyila, zinamathela engaphansi kwamaqabunga amancane. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ebangeni le-18-20 ° C lihle kakhulu ekuhlumeni kwezinhlayiya zokukhunta. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, kuvela amabala omnqumo emaqabungeni, akhula ehlobo futhi abe nsundu. Ingaphakathi lamabala liyoma kanye nemifantu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibala liqala ukushaya izithelo. Kuvela nezichizi kuzo, okuthi kamuva kube yi-necrotic, bese kuvela imifantu. Kuneminyaka lapho isilonda se-scab sifinyelela ku-100%. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakele izimpawu zayo zokuqala. Ukulungiselela okusebenzayo kweStrobi kubhekana ngokushesha nesibazi, futhi kuvikele ukusakazeka kwaso, ngoba kuvimba inqwaba yesikhunta.

Amabala ama-brown-olive - uphawu lokuqala lomkhaba

I-Powdery hlobo

Lesi sifo mancane amathuba okuthi sithinte i-Antonovka. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kobusika obufudumele, njengoba ama-Powderyypew spores efa kumasithwathwa angezansi -20 ° C. Zihlala zihlala emahlumela okukhula, lapho ziwela khona ehlobo ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga ama-petioles. Entwasahlobo, izinhlamvu ziqhuma zimboze amaqabunga amancanyana kanye namaphethelo amahlumela aluhlaza ngenhlanganisela emhlophe eyi-powdery. Ama-ovari nezithelo nazo zithinteka yilesi sifo uma ama-fungicides engafafazwa ngendlela yesikhathi. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe ziyefana nezesibanda.

I-Powdery isikhutha ithela izihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo

Cishe Izinambuzane

Umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuhlulwa njalo kwe-Antonovka kwenziwa yinundu le-apula. Le butterfly encane encane (cm cm) eblue (brown cm) yombala onsundu onsundu. Indiza entwasahlobo inyanga eyodwa nengxenye nezinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokuba izimbali zibeke amaqanda ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga, inqobo nje uma kungekho mvula nomoya onamandla, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya alikho ngaphansi kuka +16 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho, amacimbi apinki akhanyayo anekhanda elinsundu afinyelela kumamilimitha angama-18 ubude aqhamuka emaqandeni, angena ngokushesha e-ovary nezithelo, lapho adla khona imbewu emincane. Izindlela zokuvimbela, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngama-insecticides kungavikela ukuhlasela kwesifo. Ezinye izinambuzane ezingaba khona zifaka izimbali ezingama-apula, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, nabanye. Kepha, njengoba bengayihlaseli i-Antonovka, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela zanele ukubhekana nazo. Asikho isidingo sokuhlala kulolu daba.

Umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuhlulwa njalo kwe-Antonovka kubangelwa inundu le-apula

Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga

I-Antonovka ayinakudideka nanoma yikuphi okunye okuhlukahlukene; inokunambitheka okuhlukile kwe- "Antonovskiy" okunambitheka okuhle, okuqina kuphela lapho kugcinwa. Ingagcinwa kuze kube uMashi. I-Antonovka idliwa isentsha kuphela futhi senza ama-compotes. Ngithanda nemashibho, kepha ngijwayele ukuthula ngo-Antonovka omanzi ...

I-Igor 1988, Saratov

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Bengijabule kakhulu ngejamu (njengezingcezu zejelly). Edolobhaneni lakithi, indlu yawa yodwa, kodwa ingadi yokuguga yasala. Kukhona izihlahla ezimbili ze-Antonovka nezinye ezimbili ezihlukile, kwelinye i-apula likhulu kunelinye futhi liphuzi ngokwengeziwe. Ngifuna ukuzitshalalela izihlahla ezimbalwa, kodwa azange isebenze kulo nyaka ngezimpande… akukho okudinga ukulungiswa ngokuzayo, uma kungenjalo "abadakwayo bendawo" bangase bakhele ingadi ngokhuni ... Kuyisihawu ukulahlekelwa. Okubi kuphela ukuthi ayigcinwa. Ngokuvamile, bekungeke kube nentengo yezinhlobonhlobo.

I-RuS_CN, Chernihiv

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Abalimi bathi ngaphandle kwe-Antonovka ingadi akuyona ingadi. Okungenani eyodwa yezihlahla zayo kufanele ibe kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Nginezinhlobo ezintathu ze-Antonovka engadini yami. Isihlahla esisodwa - i-Antonovka vulgaris, esinye - i-Antonovka White Autumn nesesithathu, - Indodakazi ka-Antonovka's (I-Snowball). Mayelana ne-Antonovka ezejwayelekile lapha izinto eziningi ziye zashiwo kahle, angizukuqala ukuphinda ngiziphindaphinde. I-Antonovka White Autumn ingifanele impela phambi kwe-Ordinary, kepha ayimhlophe njengoba ngibone e-All-Russian Exhibition Center, ekuchazelweni kwe-Korochansky nursery, embukisweni weGolide Autumn, futhi ayimnandi kangako. Lapho, ukunaka kwami ​​kwaheha ama-apula anemibala emhlophe, njengokungathi avela e-alabaster. Ngabuza - hlobo luni lwezinhlobonhlobo, futhi bangiphendula - u-Antonovka Yarovaya. Kwavela ukuthi bona uqobo babiza lo mbala abathi bawuthola engadini endala yeKorochansky bawusabalalisa. Ama-apula ayenambitheka ngokwehlukile, amnandi kakhulu kune-Antonovka Ordinary, anephunga elifanayo eliqinile. Ngithenge kubo izithombo ezimbalwa zezithombo ezisesiphungweni esincane. Izihlahla zithela izithelo nama-apula afike ngaphambili, kepha awamnandi kangako futhi awemhlophe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphandle ahlukile ku-Antonovka ojwayelekile. Nakhu esithombeni esingenhla.

I-Apple, i-Belgorod

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I-Antonovka ilungele ujusi. IBrix izinzile ngo-12% (enkulu kunazo zonke yayingu-13% ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba eBelarus, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lama-apula eBelarus). Ayikho i-acid eyeqile, ujusi uqobo ubumnandi kakhulu. Bengisebenza ngisebenza uchwepheshe emhlanganweni wokukhiqiza ujusi, ngakho ngiyazi engikhuluma ngakho.

Udokotela-KKZ, Belarus

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I-Antonovka iyinhlobonhlobo enhle lapho ivuthwa. Kepha kaningi iyakhubeka ingavuthiwe. Ngo-2014 esifundeni saseMoscow kuphela lapho ngathola isivuno sesithathu eminyakeni emi-5. Ivuthwe ngokuphelele, ukuze izithelo zaphenduka ziphuzi emaceleni, zagcwala ophuzi. Ngeshwa, usuku lokuthathwa luphakathi kukaSepthemba, futhi impilo yeshalofu ikhona kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa: inyanga - eyodwa nohhafu. Esihlahleni sethu se-apula sathola amabhakede ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili. Umndeni wabayisihlanu udle amabhakede amabili noma amathathu. Isiphetho: yabelana ngama-apula nomakhelwane bakho, phatha wonke umuntu, ungangisi. Namanje i-apple jam enhle evela e-Antonovka iphuma njengejelly.

i-eugene, isifunda saseMoscow

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Ngifuna ukuvuselela u-Antonovka Belaya. Ngonyaka odlule kwaba yisithelo sokuqala, kanti ama-apula ayengemnandi njengoba bekulindelekile, engibhale ngawo lapha. Kulonyaka isivuno besisikhulu, futhi ama-apula ayenambitheka ngokweqile futhi emnandi. Cabanga u-Antonovka nephunga lakhe, kepha emnandi kabili njengokujwayelekile! Sajabula ngala ma-apula. Ngendlela efanayo, iNdodakazi ka-Antonovka noma i-Snowball yaziveza kulo nyaka. Ama-apula amnandi, anamakha. Banephunga elimnandi le-Antonovka elixutshwe nelinye iphunga elimnandi, elinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, elimnandi. Ngiyajabula ukuthi ngachitha isikhathi namandla ami ngokunakekela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Bobabili u-Antonovka Belaya kanye nendodakazi ka-Antonovka baba izinhlobo ezinhle, ezihlwabusayo kakhulu.

I-Apple, i-Belgorod

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Umyalezo ovela ku-Anatoly Zhomov. I-Antonovka inezinhlobo eziningi. Esifundeni esisodwa kuphela esifundeni sase-Oryol, kutholakale izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zokukhethwa kwabantu i-Antonovka.

Uqinisile. Engadini yami, kukhula u-Antonovka no-Antonovka-Kamenichka. E-Antonovka engavuthiwe kune-pectin eningi. Ngakho-ke, i-jam ivela ekhwalithi ephezulu. Lapho ubhaka ophaya, awufipizi. Ijusi kusuka ku-Antonovka Kamenichki lihle kakhulu. Ihlanganisa ushukela ne-acid ngendlela efanele. Izivakashi zivame ukubuza ukuthi ushukela ufaka ushukela ongakanani.

Isithandwa samagilebhisi, Isifunda sase-Oryol

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I-Antonovka yi-apula engeke ithathe indawo yanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zesimanje. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga, elijwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni, kudlula kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezitholakala ngokungahambi kahle kangako. Kuyafaneleka impela ukukhulisa lesi sihlahla se-apula esizeni, uma kunezimo ezinhle zalokhu.