Isikhumbuzo esidumile se-plum yeTimiryazev yinzalamizi yezingadi zaseRussia. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo eziphikelelayo futhi eziqinile. Futhi izithelo ezikhanyayo ezinhle, ezinamathele emagatsheni ekwindla, zingumvuzo okulindwe izakhamuzi zasehlobo ukubekezela nokunakekela.
Umlando wokudalwa kwezinhlobo ze-plum Pamyat Timiryazeva
Inkumbulo kaPlum Timiryazev itholakala ngokuwela izinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu zaseVictoria naseSkorospelka. Ababhali bangama-agronomist-pomologists V. A. Efimov, H. K. Enikeev noS. N. Satarova. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okunhlobonhlobo okude ngo-1959, iplamu yafakwa kwiRegistry Yombuso ngesincomo sokuyilima esifundeni sasePenza esifundeni saseMiddle Volga, kanye nasezifundeni eziningana zeCentral:
- EMoscow
- Ryazan
- I-smolensk
- Tula.
Ngisho nezinsimbi ezingavuthiwe zezinhlobonhlobo zePamyat Timiryazev zibukeka zijabule
Ukuchazwa kwesihlahla nezithelo
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi nendawo ngomqhele osasazekayo onomumo we-hemispherical. Izithombo ezinsundu ezikhanyayo zikhula kubo. Iqabunga leqabunga liphakathi ngosayizi, luhlaza okukhanyayo, olunomcibisholo omncane, linokuphawulwa okubonakalayo kokungaphansi komgwaqo.
Ukuqhakaza kwale plum kuvame ukwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi.. I-corolla imhlophe, ukucwaswa kwepestle kuphuma ngaphezulu kwama-anther we-stamens. Izimbali zinamathela ngokuphelele amahlumela waminyaka yonke kanye namahlumela esiduli. Ezinye izakhamizi zasehlobo zincoma ukunciphisa inani lama-ovari, okuthinta kahle ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Inkumbulo kaPlum Timiryazev inika izimbali eziningi, yingakho ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zincoma ukunciphisa inani lamaqanda ukuze zithole isivuno esikhulu
Izithelo zeMemoryazev's Memory ezahlukahlukene zilingana ngobukhulu, ziyindilinga-oval, zinesisindo esingu-22-25 g. Isikhumba siphuzi ngamachashazi abomvu amaningi kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo ngasohlangothini olubheke elangeni. Ingaphezulu lesithelo alikona i-pubescent, embozwe ngentambo ye-wax ebekiwe. I-pulp futhi iphuzi, i-mnene, i-namanzi, iphunga. Amathambo e-plum ama-oval, amancane (anesisindo esingaphansi kuka-6% wesisindo se-fetus), ahlukaniswa kalula. Uginindela obukhulu uhlinzeka ngesithelo ngokulondolozwa okuhle ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Izithelo zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo: zidliwe zisha, ngamabhilithi, futhi zinambitha nge-marinade njengesitsha esisehlangothini sezitsha zenyama.
Sengikwenqabile ukwelashwa okushisa kwezithelo, njengoba abendlu yami bengaziboni. Kungcono ubusika yikhompiyutha entsha. Izithelo, ngaphandle kwe-defrosting, uthele amanzi abilayo, ulethe ku-thumba ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphakathi bese ucisha. Kumalitha ama-3 we-compote, engeza kuphela izipuni ezingama-2-3 kashukela. Amapulangwe ahlala eminyene, angabiliki, kanti ne-compote ngokwayo ayisoshukela, isanda kuphuza, idakiwe.
Ngaphambi kokubanda, kungcono ukususa imbewu kusinki, khona-ke zingasetshenziswa ngokushesha esiqandisini
Enye indlela yokulonda isivuno ukusizakala ngoshukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa izithelo zami ezintsha ezinhlanyelweni, skrola ngokusebenzisa i-grinder yenyama bese ufaka ushukela kwisilinganiso se-1: 1.5. Govuza isigaxa esiphumela kahle ngesipuni sokhuni kuze kube yilapho ushukela usuqediwe, uthele ezitsheni. Ngenxa ye-pectin eyabiwe, isisindo sakhiwe kahle futhi sigcinwe ngaphandle kwesiqandisi. Lokhu kulungiswa kungafakwa kuxutshwe namanzi ukunambitha futhi kudakwe njengesiphuzo sezithelo, kusetshenziswe njengengqimba yokubhaka noma kufakwe isidlo sasekuseni ngamapancake amasha nokhilimu omuncu. Amavithamini nephunga le-plum elinale ndlela yokusebenzisa alilahleki.
Izici Ezihlukahlukene
Inkumbulo ye-Timiryazev iyinhlobo ye-plum esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Imvamisa ekwenzeni izithelo ayikhulunywa kakhulu (encazelweni kwiwebhusayithi yeVNIISPK, kwaphawuleka ukuthi ukwehluleka kwezitshalo bekuphindwe kahlanu eminyakeni eyi-16 edlule). Ngenxa yokuzala okuphezulu, isivuno ezihlahleni zivuthwa cishe njalo ngonyaka.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula ngokushesha, lapho zitshala izithombo zonyaka ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine zithola izithelo zokuqala. Kubahlali basehlobo abangapheli isineke, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno kusenesikhathi ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo esitokisini sabadala esivele sikhona. Kulokhu, ubuningi bezithelo zeplamu zizothokozisa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izihlahla zihlala isikhathi eside, zikhula futhi zikhuthele izithelo kuze kube ngu-20-21. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-plum Pamam Timiryazev zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu:
- izihlahla ezincane zinika ama-9-11 kg wezithelo;
- Amakhilogremu angama-20-25 wekhwalithi enhle kakhulu avunwa esihlahleni sabadala. Isivuno esikhulu - 35 kg!
Phakathi kokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo, ubulukhuni bokhuni obuphansi bokhuni buyabonakala. Noma kunjalo, unekhono lokuphinda azalwe kabusha, okuvumela ukululama ngemuva kwesilonda. Amahlumela nama-efihlekile amelana kakhulu nesithwathwa.
Ama-plums amancane angamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Kungcono ukusonga inkumbulo ye-Timiryazev ebusika, ngendlela, indawo enjalo futhi kuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile emgudwini
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-plum Pamyat Timiryazev
Ukuze izithombo zikhethe izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle osendaweni eyi-1.5-2 m ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze kushiya igebe lokungenani lika-3-3,5 m. I-Plum ayithandi isithunzi.
Izihlahla ezikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile zithola ukushisa okugcwele nokukhanya okuvela elangeni, okunikeza lesi sithelo iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okumnandi. Ngaphandle kwendawo enconyiwe, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezingaphezulu, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuyakhula futhi. Ngenxa yobungqabavu nokuzala, inganikeza isivuno esihle, kepha ukunambitheka kwezithelo akuvezi lutho, akunangcebo lokunotha kwama-shades alitshalwa ngalo ngochwepheshe bangempela.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo ze-plum sithathwa njengentwasahlobo. Endaweni ekhululekile, ekhanyiswe kahle, evikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho, bamba umgodi wokufika onobubanzi obuyi-80 cm nokujula okungama-60-70 cm.
Ezindaweni zobumba ezinenhlabathi enama-acid, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ungqimba oluvundile olungaphezulu. Izindlela ezingezansi ezingakhiqizi ziyasuswa. Ukuze ukhiphe umanyolo futhi umanyise inhlabathi, ufulawa we-dolomite (3-5 kg) uhlanganiswe kahle nengqimba yomhlaba wefudu elingaphezulu, umquba ojikelezayo (amabhakede ama-2-3) nomlotha wezinkuni (1 l). Kukhona izakhamzimba ezanele ekukhiqizweni okunjalo komgodi wokufika okweminyaka engu-2-3.
Izigaba Zokufika:
- Ngekota yokujula komgodi, amatshe aqweqiwe athelwa ukuthulula nokunikeza umuthi nge-calcium.
- Fafaza nge-knoll ingxube yenhlabathi lapho ukubeka khona imbewu.
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-plum sapling emgodini, yenza indunduma yokusakaza izimpande kuyo
- Gcwalisa inhlabathi esele, unyakazise isihlahla kancane ukuze kungabikho okuzobakhona.
- Ngaseningizimu yezithombo inesigxobo sokufika futhi siboshwe.
- Faka kancane inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ukuze intamo yezimpande ikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka 4-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngokuqhubeka komhlabathi, uzoba lapho.
Intamo yezimpande lapho utshala iplamu kufanele ibe ngu-4-5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba
- Kwakhiwa umgodi wokunisela, lapho kungeniswa kancane kancane amabhakede amanzi angama-2-3, engeza isikhathi ngasinye, lapho nje umswakama usungenwa.
- Umbuthano we-trunk uhlanganisiwe nge-humus, i-peat, i-sawdust ebunjiwe noma utshani obusikiwe obusha. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kugcinwe umswakama futhi kugcinwe ungqimba lomhlaba olungaphezulu luthukululekile.
Ividiyo: ukutshala iplamu ngomgodi wokutshala kukamanyolo
Ngemuva kokutshala, isiqu sinqunywa sibe ukuphakama okungama-45-50 cm.
Izici zokutshala nokunakekela
Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala umgodi ugcwele umanyolo (njengoba kushiwo ngezansi), khona-ke ayoba anele iminyaka emi-2 yokukhula kwesithombo. Ngonyaka wesithathu entwasahlobo, ungangeza izipuni ezi-1-2 ze-urea ngomthombo ngamunye. Ehlobo, engeza izipuni ezi-2 zesipuni esilula noma esisodwa se-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, ne-1 isipuni se-potassium sulfate ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ukondla i-potassium, ungangeza u-200 ml we-ash ash lokhuni ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Esikhundleni somanyolo wamaminerali, ibhakede eli-1 lomquba obolile noma i-humus lilungile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi umquba omusha, ngoba uqukethe initrogen eningi. Umanyolo weNitrogen kufanele unikezwe kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okukhulu kohlaza okuhlaza okotshani. Ama-phosphoric ne-potassium fertilizer asetshenziswa ehlobo nasekwindla.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, ungqimba lwe-mulch luvuselelwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3, oluthi luvimbe ukukhula kokhula bese kuthi lapho luboliwe luphinde lunothise inhlabathi ngamakhompiyutha adingekayo wezinto eziphilayo.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, izihlahla zidinga ukuthenwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokutshala:
- sanitary - incishiswa ekususweni kwamahlamvu agulayo, aphukile, aqandisiwe. Ukuwela, ukuhlikihla kanye nokukhula okuphakathi kwamakhakhasi amahlumela nakho kusikiwe. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekungeneni komoya omncane kanye nokukhanyisa, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinambuzane nezifo;
- okwakheka - inhloso yawo ukwakha umqhele obunjiwe wendebe. Izihlahla ezinjalo azikhuli zikhulu, umqhele wazo ukhanyiselwe kangcono, ngakho-ke izithelo zithola ukukhanya okwanele nokushisa. Ukwakha Izinyathelo Zokunciphisa:
- Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, amahlumela wamathambo amahlanu noma ayisithupha asele, aqondiswe ezinhlangothini ezihlukile.
- Njalo entwasahlobo ngayinye bancishiswa ingxenye yesithathu yobude.
- Lapho iplamu iqala ukuthela izithelo, susa ukuqhuba okuphakathi ngenhla kwegatsha elikhulu eliseceleni, unikeze umqhele ukwakheka kwengilazi noma isitsha.
Usebenzisa i-apricot njengesibonelo, ungabona ukuthi umqhele owakhiwe wenkomishi ubukeka kanjani.
Ukunisela iplamu yezinhlobonhlobo zePamyat Timiryazev zezinhlobonhlobo zidinga okulinganiselayo, ngoba inokubekezelela isomiso esiphakathi. Banikeza amanzi ngemuva kokubheka isimo senhlama yenhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-mulch futhi baqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi engaphansi kwayo yomile. Ngokuphuza ngokweqile, umoya uyaxoshwa emhlabathini, lapho izimpande zidinga kakhulu njengomswakama. Ngenkathi yokukhula, izihlahla ziniselwa kakhulu ngenkathi yezimbali, ukwakheka kwe-ovary, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ukugcina, ukushaja kwamanzi, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba, inyanga ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-Plum Pamyat Timiryazeva zibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-kleasterosporiosis nezithelo zokubola, kepha kulinyazwa kakhulu imikhaza nezinye izinambuzane ezincelisayo.
Ukuvikela ukutshala kunoma yiziphi izinambuzane nezifo eziningi, udinga ukuhlinzeka izihlahla ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa:
- umqhele kufanele ukhanyiswe ngokulinganayo yilanga, ungabi mkhulu;
- Zonke iziguli ezithintwe yisithwathwa noma amahlumela aqhekekile kumele zisuswe futhi zichithwe ngesikhathi.
Ukugula noma okuphukile amahlumela ehlobo ekwindla kumele kususwe futhi kubhujiswe
Ukuvikela, okungcono ukwedlula noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa ekwindla:
- ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga, iplamu iphathwa nge-Bordeaux ketshezi, amahlumela okuchitheka kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ngesisombululo esisebenzayo kusuka phezulu kuya phansi;
- amaqabunga awile ngaphansi kwezihlahla ayaqoqwa futhi ashiswe ukuze kungabikhona ukubhebhetheka kwezifo zokukhunta;
- inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu idedelwe, ukhula luyavunwa, amahlumela asikiwe.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi uma ufafaza umqhele wezihlahla ngesixazululo esilula sensipho yokuwasha, izibawu zesicabucabu ziyabaleka. By indlela, ngisho eshaweni elula lapho ukuchelela kunciphisa inani izinambuzane.
Kunzima kakhudlwana ukuqeda umkhaza inyongo, ukubukeka kwawo kungabonakala ngokuba khona kwamahlumela amancane wokukhula obomvu ku-bark. Ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane, kudingeka insecticaricides e-systemic efana neDanadim. Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, ngokumelene nezinhlobo zezinambuzane zobusika, isidakamizwa 30 Plus (MME) sisetshenziswa kanye. Ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo esisebenzayo esihlahleni ngasinye kungamalitha ama-2-2,5.
Ukubonakala kwesibungu sendlala ku-plum kungabonakala ngokuba khona kwamahlumela amancane obomvana obomvu kubumba
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo we-aphid, isetshenziswa isidakamizwa iBiotlin. Ngokuphumula kwamasonto amabili, konke ukutshala kuyalashwa ngalesi sikhungo izikhathi ezi-2, ngoba ama-aphid ajwayele ukuthinta izihlahla zezithelo ezahlukahlukene. Kumaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuvunwa, ukufafazwa nge-Biotlin kumisiwe.
Ukulwa ngempumelelo ne-aphid ku-plum, zonke izihlahla zezithelo ziphathwa ngezisombululo zokwelapha
Ekwindla sekwephuzile nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isiqu kanye nezihlakala zamathambo omuthi zenziwe mhlophe ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuvikela izinkuni emigodini yesithwathwa futhi zivikele ukungena kwezilokazane ukungena emihubeni yegxolo.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Kwezinhlobo ezihloliwe eziye zafakazela ngokwazo, ngiphawula inkumbulo ye-Timiryazev. Izinhlobonhlobo zasungulwa ngo-1938 nguH. Y. Enikeev. Ngagonywa ngo-1999, futhi besilokhu sithela minyaka yonke kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000, ngaphandle kwehlobo eledlule. Isisindo esivela ku-25 g noma ngaphezulu, isikhumba esiminyene, itshe eliphakathi nendawo, lihlukanisa kahle. Ukunambitha ngaphandle kwama-frills, ngiyakwazisa ukuthembeka.
I-Anatoly
//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5522
Ngine-plum encane - ngokusho kwencazelo ifana kakhulu neMemory of Timiryazev, yangimangaza ngoshintsho kumbala wezithelo. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuhamba kahle, ithambo lihlukanisa kabi. Kulonyaka, ukuthi kwaqhakaza kanjani ... Kuqale kanjani ... Hhayi-ke, bengicabanga ukuthi sizodla ukhilimu. SHCHAZ! Izithelo zaqala ukubola futhi ngokushesha (endaweni ethile ngeviki nesigamu) konke komile futhi kukhubazekile. Kuneshumi nambili esisele ...
Maye
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=277&st=200
Quote (Alay @ 09/13/2016, 9:30 a.m.): Ukuphahlazeka !! Enkulu kanjani i-Memory yeTimazeazev! Okwami kwakukuncane okuncane, futhi ithambo lihlukanisa kahle. Kepha mhlawumbe ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokufakelwa, iye yashintsha kancane. Ngiqhubeke amahlumela akhe. Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu isivele!
owolintshi
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=277&st=200
UNatalika78 uthe: Ngithenge iplamu ku-plamu kaMeyi Timiryazev, ezinyangeni ezi-2 ukwanda bekungaphezu kwemitha, ngicela ungitshele, ingabe lokhu kuyinto evamile kuma-plums? Yini engiyithengile?
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi "muhle kakhulu." Kumemori kaTimiryazev, ubusika be-hardness buseduze nesilinganiso. Uma ubusika obuzayo bunesihluku, iplum ingabanda. Ukuvimbela, manje kufanele kube nomkhawulo. I-nitrogen nokunisela okusindayo akuvunyelwe (kuphela ubuncane). Ngifaka i-tweezing yezinso sokukhula okungaphezulu. Lapho-ke ukukhula okuqinile kuyema, ukukhula kuyakhula. Uma uqala ukungena pincer ngoJulayi, khona-ke fruiting kungenzeka ngonyaka olandelayo.
toliam1
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/4467/page-43
Umbala we-Varium-workaholic plum Memory Timiryazev umbala wokuqala ogcwele ubumnandi besithelo, ukuqina kwesitshalo nokumelana kwesimo sezulu kwasula indawo yakhe yokuhlonipha ezingadini zethu.
