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Izitshalo

Izinkinga zingenzeka ukutshala peach

Amapentshisi ezivandeni zaseRussia ayizitshalo ezithela phezulu. Hhayi into engavamile ukuba ukunqoba izifo fungal, ikakhulukazi leaf zinyakaze. Ngandlela-thile kancane, kodwa namanje kakhulu, kukhona ekuhlaseleni izinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezinkinga ngokuntuleka kwezithelo. Sizozama ukwethula wensimu nezinkinga kaningi kakhulu nazo nezindlela zokuxazulula kubo.

Kakhulu isifo ovamile peach

Cabanga ngezifo eziphambili ze-peach, izimbangela zazo, izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela.

Kunganjani fruiting peach

Le nkinga ungaba izimbangela ezimbalwa.

I-Peach ayiveli

Ukungabi izimbali kusikisela ukuthi izimo ezidingekayo abadalwanga simila. Inkinga evamile kuyinto okulandelayo:

  • Ukukhombisa. Ukuze peach lapho lihlala udinga ukukhetha indawo okwanele.
  • Inhlabathi engafanele. Kuyinto peach engcono elimila friable, nenhlabathi permeable (isihlabathi, isihlabathi loamy, loam). Ngobumba olusindayo, enamadwala noma enhlabathini, ipiki ngeke ithele.
  • Amazed frost flower efihlekile - abakwazi ume okushisa ngezansi -28 ° C.
  • ekudleni. Ukweqiwa kukamanyolo we-nitrogen okunenkinga ye-potash ne-phosphorus kuyisizathu esivamile sokuntuleka kokuqhakaza.
  • Futhi ungalindeli peach nembali, izifo abathintekayo, ikakhulukazi leaf zinyakaze.

Peach izimbali, kodwa amaqanda abumane

Uma ngemuva kokuqhakaza amaqanda okuphumelelayo kungenziwanga, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi impova yezimbali ayenzekanga. Peach - a samoplodnye isiko, kodwa enqabayo sezulu izimo - imvula, umoya onamandla - impova akakwazi zenzeka. Kukhona okumele kwenziwe ngakho lutho - kuyodingeka ulinde elandelayo, inkathi kuphumelele kakhulu.

Izimbali zika-Peach ziyawa

Abscission izimbali waphawula ezimweni ezimbili.

  • Okokuqala - enhlabathini ene-asidi. Kulokhu, ungazama ukukususa u-deoxidize ngokufaka umhlabathi noma inhlama ekwindla ukuze igaywe. Okuvamile - 500 g ngalinye 1 m2.
  • Okwesibili - umonakalo izimbali imbali ibhungane, Weevil. Okuningi kulokhu ngezansi esigabeni esifanele.

GUMMOSIS (gummosis)

Gum - obukhulu ingcina ketshezi ziphuzi-nsundu ngombala, okuyinto evame ukhululeka amanxeba kanye waphuka ukukhonkotha izitshalo, kanye fetus. Kubantu abavamile, izinsini zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-glue nje. Lesi sifo lihlotshaniswa ukukhululwa ngokuthelwa yilolu ketshezi okunamathelayo ngokuthi GUMMOSIS noma okulimaza virus.

Yesigcilikisha obukhulu ketshezi umbala ophuzi onsundu, okuyinto evame ukhululeka izitshalo amanxeba kanye waphuka amagxolo ngokuthi inhlaka, inqubo - GUMMOSIS

Lesi sifo esingatheleleki sitholakala kakhulu ezitsheni zamatshe. Isizathu ukuthi kungani libizwa ngokuthi, kungase kube eziningana:

  • ukulimala Mechanical amagxolo nezinkuni.
  • Ukuthena okungalungile noma okungafanele. Khumbula ukuthi izihlahla amagatsha ngenhloso ububanzi ka engaphezu kweyodwa isentimitha kufanele sigcwaliswe kuphela lonke esihlahleni. Futhi akumelwe sikhohlwe mayelana ukucutshungulwa tonkhe tigaba engadini phezulu.
  • Ukulimala kwe-cortex ngenxa ye-frostbite.
  • ngenkasa ngokweqile noma amanzi kusukela stagnating ezonini impande nesandla ekwakhekeni gum kanye isikhathi saso.
  • izifo fungal (tsitosporoz, abamnyama umdlavuza) unga imbangela GUMMOSIS.

Izindawo ezincane ze-gum excretion ngeke zisilimaze isitshalo, kodwa uma indawo yazo iqala ukwanda, izinyathelo kumele zithathwe. Ziyakwazi elula futhi wayofika ezindaweni ezithintekile ngommese obukhali ukuze amagxolo unempilo noma ukhuni (kuncike izinga lomonakalo), magciwane 3% isixazululo zethusi sulfate futhi sicubungula engadini phezulu. Kukhona ikhambi Folk - deda inxeba ngamanzi ahlanzekile amahlamvu Sorrel. Ngemuva kokumiswa, inqubo iphindwa ezinye izikhathi ezimbili, emva kwalokho isilonda simbozwe nge-varnish yengadi noma i-putty.

Amagxolo Aqhephukile amagatsha peach

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ezibuhlungu kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.

  • Imvamisa, ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo kubangelwa yi-frostbite. Ezinsukwini nesithwathwa libalele, umehluko lokushisa ezinhlangothini libalele nasethunzini kwesihlahla ongafinyelela amagugu elikhulu, elingase kuholela ekwakhekeni imifantu mpo. Njengoba peach kuyinto ukushisa-onothando isitshalo eningizimu, ukuthi lapho ekhula it in izimo ezibophayo kakhulu kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukwahlukanisa isikhathi ebusika.

    Ukuhlahloka emagxolweni kwezihlahla zezithelo ngenxa yokulimala kwesithwathwa kuvame ukutholakala ngokuqondile

  • ukusha Thermal solar zivamise ukwenzeka ngo kwentwasahlobo, lapho, ngenxa elangeni oqinile ngisho amalahle ungazange ingashintshwa ukufudumeza isiqu emva yesithwathwa ebusika ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka ukwakheka kwezicubu, okubangela ukufa ezinzima ngokuhlaziya futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ezindaweni yonke cortex. Ukuvimbela lokhu mkhuba iyona lime ngomcako iziqu kanye namagatsha esihlahleni.
  • Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo we-nitrogen ekwindla kudala ukukhula kwesihlahla, lapho amagxolo evame ukuqhekeka.
  • Hlula ezinye izifo fungal - klyasterosporioz, umdlavuza abamnyama, tsitosporoz.

Kungakhathaliseki kungenzeka kubangelwa ayangena cortex - ngokuqinisekile kufanele aphathwe. Indlela yokwelashwa ichazwe esigabeni esedlule.

Namahlamvu omile kusukela peach lwegciwane

izithombo ezikhulayo peach imigodi - indlela evamile ukuveza. Uma ngasikhathi sinye umlimi ebhekene neqiniso lokuthi amaqabunga esihlumeni aqala ukoma, inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi yabangelwa ukwephula imithetho yokulimai. Izizathu ezingaba khona:

  • Bantula umswakama.
  • Umswakama owedlulele, ukuminyanisa kwamanzi ethangini elinomhlabathi.
  • inhlabathi esindayo.
  • Ikamelo kushisa kakhulu futhi komile. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-20-25 ° C, umswakama ungama-70-80%.
  • Umsuka umonakalo izinambuzane noma ukhunta.

Kusobala ukuthi ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kulungiswe inkinga kufanele ngokuqinile bathobele imithetho kulinywe, ukuqinisekisa elinganiselayo ukunikezela kanye neensetjenziswa imodi.

Amaqabunga we peach aphenduka abomvu futhi abe yi-curl.

Lena uphawu iyashaqisa of eziyingozi isifo fungal peach - leaf zinyakaze. Kujwayele kuzibonakalisa entwasahlobo emva zom ku amahlumela amasha. Kulokhu, okokuqala, amafomu abomvu eshubhu emaqabungeni, ngokuzayo asontekile. Esigabeni esilandelayo, amaqabunga eshintsha khona abamnyama futhi omile, bese uwa phansi. Uma ungathathi isinyathelo, kwase kuba nge maphakathi no-May - June kuyoba oludlala khona enkulu indima amahlamvu wasonta, izithelo noma cha abopha noma esishwabene, amabi. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela okuphuthumayo umuthi ungafa.

Lapho kunqotshwa leaf zinyakaze kubo uhlevane lokuqala akhiwa obomvu, kamuva ezisontekile

Ukuze balwe izingxenye ethintekile zalesi sihlahla kufanele kube Imi futhi zibhujiswe, nesitshalo ngokwayo ukuze uswidi nesikhunta - noHorus, strobe, Abig Peak Speed ​​nabanye.

Peach froze emva kobusika - ukuthi ungasiza kanjani

Peach ezingaphezu kuka nezinye izitshalo uhlushwa frost. Uma yesithwathwa ebusika bebelokhu eqinile, futhi entwasahlobo kwatholakala ukuthi podmorz zamapetshisi, kuba okokuqala kudingekile ukunquma izinga lomonakalo. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula. Kunoma ikuphi, into kuphela lokho kungasiza kwesihlahla - onekhono ukuba afeze izihlahla. Uma sekuvela ukuthi ezilimele kuphela izithelo efihlekile kanye nokhuni alilinyaziwe, bese usika lawo magatsha ukuthi akudingeki izimbali. Izihlahla kwenziwa kuze kube izinkuni zeminyaka engu-2-3. Ngemva subsidence of amaqanda udinga ukususa wonke amagatsha ngaphandle izithelo.

Uma bamangala bonke izithelo efihlekile, kuba ithuba izihlahla eqinile anti-ukuguga yomkhuba zonke ezinye izinhlobo amahlumela mpo futhi uthumele kwabo kuya amagatsha lateral (ukhuni engu-4-5 ubudala). Futhi yenza ukuqina okuqinile kwengxenye ephezulu nengaphakathi yomqhele. Ukwakhiwa efanayo futhi Ukunquma endaweni amahlumela eqinile frostbite.

Nge eqinile ezilimele amagatsha lwamathambo lezisekelo zawo izihlahla kwenziwe ngoJuni emuva ovukayo efihlekile ithule futhi Kabusha lezi amahlumela. Uma ama-buds kuwo wonke amagatsha ephaphama ebuthaka, ukuthena kudluliselwa kuze kube kwentwasahlobo elandelayo. Uma izihlahla frostbite abasha kuze ezingeni cover iqhwa ukusikwa Kwenziwa ukuthunjwa 10-20 mm enempilo ukhuni isiqu. Khona-ke, kusukela amahlumela kwakhiwa ngenhla endaweni inoculation, ukwakha entsha ngenhla phansi ingxenye, nge kangcono ukukwenza ngesimo isihlahla.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ukucindezela okunjalo kwenza buthaka isitshalo futhi kunciphise ukungabikhona kwawo, futhi nengozi yokutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta, ikakhulukazi i-curly, iyanda. Ngakho-ke, kule nkathi saziso imithi fungicide.

Izinambuzane Peach - main abameleli, incazelo, zokulawula

Phezu kwesifo, i-peach isengozini yokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Abalimi kudingeka ukuthi bangobani, ukubheka kanjani nendlela yokubhekana nazo.

Black aphid

Ama-aphid izinambuzane ezincane ezinamaphiko ezinesigamu azinkulu kuno-2-3 mm ngosayizi (kunezinhlobo ezithile ezingandile kufika ku-5-8 mm ngosayizi). Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3,500 zama-aphid ukuba babe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu imibala - black, obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza, ophuzi, zamapetshisi, njll ... Kungakhathaliseki umbala kanye nohlobo zonke aphid zidla isitshalo ubisi futhi secrete ngesikhathi ketshezi okunamathelayo impilo elinambitheka sashukela (okuthiwa uju). Izinyathelo zokulawula nazo ziyefana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. On peach landile aphid abamnyama, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ke.

On umqhele aphid isihlahla ngokuvamile efakiwe phezu imihlane izintuthwane wasihlalisa kwakhe amaqabunga kanye amahlumela. Benza lokhu ukuze kamuva bondle amazolo oju atholwe izinambuzane. Thola aphid ikani amahlamvu ezisontekile, ngaphakathi kwalo ohlangothini ezingemuva futhi wahlela ikoloni layo. Futhi-ke zingafakwa amathiphu of amahlumela abasha.

Izintuthwane zithanda ukudla i-aphid

Noma yimuphi umonakalo aphid abalulekile kungaletha lapho hhayi ukulwa bese uvumele ukuthula ukuzalela naye. Kodwa ngokuvamile ngaphambi awufiki. Kunemithi eminingi yamakhemikhali neyabantu yokubhujiswa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, kanye nokuvikela ukuhlaselwa kwazo. Sibala kwamasonto ayinhloko:

  • Ukudala izithiyo engene umqhele izintuthwane, abaluphakamisela kuya aphid, ngokubeka phezu iziqu of ukudoba indawo kanye nokusentshenziswa kwe lime ukugeza.

    Ibhande lokuzingela kulula ukulenza ngezinto ezenziwe ngcono

  • Siwasebenzise izinambuzane eshiya indiza kakhulu kwamanzi lamanzi.
  • Ukwelashwa infusions umqhele ugwayi, marigold, garlic, onion isikhumba, nokunye. D.
  • Inkimbinkimbi yokwelapha ngama-insecticides (izidakamizwa zokulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi) Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lokhu kungafana DNOC (akukho ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu), 5% isixazululo zethusi sulfate, Nitrafen. Entwasahlobo futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukusetshenziswa Decis, Malathion, izinhlansi nokunye. N. Ngenyanga yokugcina ngaphambi yokuvuthwa izidakamizwa izithelo esetshenziswa ezifana inhlansi-Bio, Fitoverm nezinye bioinsecticides.

I-Weevil bhungane

ibhungane wosayizi omncane (kufika ku 5 mm) has a lezi eside, okuyinto neyasemhlabeni. Overwinter e izimfa amagxolo, amaqabunga udoti futhi inhlabathi. Entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifike ku-1010 C, amabhungane akhuphuka emqheleni. Ukuvuvukala efihlekile yokudla izinto zokuqala weevils. Khona-ke aye amahlamvu abancane amahlumela, kanye izimbali kanye amaqanda peach. Ubhungane bezimbali besifazane buqhume amaqanda bese bubekela amaqanda kuzo, okuvela kuzo izibungu eziphuma emuva eziququde imbali ngaphakathi. izimbali isici ngokwemvelo asiyona amaqanda futhi zimfundiso ziba yize. imiphakathi elikhulu weevils kukhona obukwazi umonakalo elisemqoka kuya isivuno of amapentshisi, ngakho kufanele ukuqhuba umzabalazo ehlelekile.

I-Weevil isiphazamiso esincane, kepha umonakalo omkhulu ungadala

Phakathi nenkathi lapho mabhungane kuphela linyuke umqhele ungasebenzisa sici bawo ukuba angene esimweni torpor ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi (+ 5-8 ° C). okushisa okunjalo akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike ngasekuqaleni entwasahlobo ekuseni. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga nje ukushushula izimbungulu kwifilimu noma indwangu eyayisakazeke ngaphansi kwesihlahla bese uyayiqoqa uyichithe.

kwekwindla kuyinto yokumba ngempumelelo ezijulile inhlabathi ngenxa lapho izinambuzane overwintering bayovuselwa ebusweni futhi afe ngenxa yamakhaza. Futhi-ke, ngeke ukwazi ukwenza kusuka ukwelashwa zinambuzane, njengoba kuchaziwe esigabeni sangaphambilini.

I-Eastern Codling Moth

Lokhu inkathazo uqale uzalo lwayo eMpumalanga Asia, okwakunginika igama layo. Kuthinta nezihlahla ikakhulu rosaceous, kodwa okuthandayo kakhulu kunikezwa zamapetshisi, okuyiwona unegama yesibili - peach inundu. E-Russia, inundu lasempumalanga elivamile likhona esifundeni esiphakathi, esentshonalanga naseningizimu, kanye naseCrimea. Uvemvane i- has namaphiko 10-15 mm, ngaphambili pair of umbala - brown-grey, bakhulise - brown ukukhanya. Indlela Yokuphila - Twilight. Ukundiza, ukugabha, ukubeka amaqanda kwenzeka kusihlwa nasekuseni. Ubusika baseSiberia esobala umfece okweqanda. Imifece amahlamvu awile, izithelo, amagxolo imifantu futhi inhlabathi.

Lapho entwasahlobo izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-+15 ° C, izimvemvane zindiza ziphume cocoons futhi emva kwezinsuku ezintathu ziqala ukubeka amaqanda amahlumela, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga namathuna. Ukuze inkathazo isizini unika 4 kuya ku-6 inzalo. izinsuku 6-12 kusuka amaqanda izibungu khasa ukhilimu-ezinemibala enekhanda elimnyama. Amacimbi wesizukulwane sokuqala alimaza amahlumela amancane, awaze amazinyo kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Isizukulwane esisha se-inkathazo hit amaqanda kanye nezithelo. amahlumela ezilimele ukuncipha, izithelo babe ongakulungele ukudliwa ngabantu. Ukuba khona kwama-larvae ngaphakathi kwezithelo kunganqunywa ngamaconsi e-gum nokuphuma kwe-pest. Uma isikhathi engathathi sinyathelo, khona-ke ungakwazi uhlale ngokuphelele ngaphandle isivuno.

Amaconsi gum futhi indle isithelo ifakazela ukuba khona izibungu zamabhu empumalanga

Ukulwa nezinambuzane, sebenzisa izinyathelo eziphelele:

  • Traditional pozdneosennyaya yokumba zemithi.
  • Ukwamukela iziqu kanye namagatsha ngopende noma engadini ekhethekile necebo lime amanzi amaningi.

    Iziqu ze-Whitewashing peach kanye namagatsha kuzomsindisa ezinkingeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi inundu elisempumalanga

  • Ukuqoqa futhi ukushisa amaqabunga awile nezithelo.
  • Ukuhlanza amagxolo omisiwe.
  • Ukufakwa kwamabhande okuzingela (kuvame ukwenziwa ngezindlela zokuthuthuka).
  • ukwelashwa zinambuzane.
    • Ngaphambi ukuvuvukala efihlekile esetshenziswa DNOC Nitrafen, 3% isixazululo zethusi sulfate.
    • Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nezinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kwayo, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngeKarbofos, iRovikurt, iChlorophos, iBenzophosphate.
    • Ngesikhathi izithelo yokuvuthwa - fitoverm, Iskra-Bio.

Nezizenze

Lama-arthropod arachnids ane-microscopic ubukhulu (0.25-2 mm) futhi, njengoba engezona izinambuzane, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa izinambuzane kuwo. Ukuze uphile nazo kukhona kuneqembu labasebenzi abakhethekileyo ababizwa acaricides. Of inani elikhulu izibungu ezahlukene ngokuvamile kubonakala ku ihlumela peach kanye spider. Izinso ngenye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zohlobo lwazo (0.25-0.35 mm) futhi azikwazi ukutholwa ngamehlo anqunu. Lokhu inkathazo kuthinta peach flower efihlekile, kubenze ukwandisa ngobukhulu futhi ube ukuma emgqonyeni. Kulesi sisekelo, futhi ukukhomba inkathazo.

Ungahlukanisa izinso ezithinteka mite ngokwandisa usayizi wazo nokuthi umgqomo umiswe kanjani

Okokuqala isicabucabu olwenziwa kuthinta amaqabunga zalesi sihlahla lapho akhiwa amachashazi aphuzi, bese they jika phuzi ukuwa off. Kamuva, uma ungathathi isinyathelo amagatsha avele spider olwenziwa izidleke.

Kaningi, isalfa se-colloidal sisetshenziselwa ukulawula. Futhi ngowokuqala ukwelashwa ezimbili (uma izinso ukuvuvukala amasonto amabili ngemuva zom) eyenziwa 0.8% isixazululo zomuthi kanye okwalandela ezimbili - 0.6% isixazululo nge amasonto amabili isikhawu. Okunjalo ukwelashwa akunqandi isifo integrally peach isikhutha. Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, ungasebenzisa ama-acaricides anjengeFitoverm ne-Akarin, isikhathi sokulinda sezinsuku ezimbili.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ezuza indlu yezwe, naye ngathola "isixha" izifo kanye izinambuzane izitshalo nezithelo. Ngawo kanye unyaka wokuqala, izihlahla zamakhilogremu zibonisa amaqabunga angama-curly, angishiya ngingenaso isivuno. Kwakudingeka ngehle ngiphuthume ebhizinisini. Ekwindla Kwadingeka yokuvuselela izihlahla eqinile, kwentwasahlobo wawenza wonke engadini DNOC. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, wenza lo muthi ngengxube yethangi kaDecis noHorus, awaphinda futhi amahlandla amabili ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Ingxube enjalo ihlolwe yimi isikhathi eside futhi ihlala inikeza imiphumela emihle, ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye nokwehlulwa kwezifo. Izindlela zokwelapha manje ngichitha njalo ngonyaka, kodwa kunalokho isicelo DNOC 3% isixazululo zethusi sulfate. Ehlobo ngizama ukufafaza njalo zonke izitshalo ngeFitosporin, okuyisikhunta semvelo futhi akunangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Futhi iqukethe umanyolo we-humic, ohlinzeka ngokugqoka okuphezulu ngasikhathi sinye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, engadini yami nhlobo izifo kanye izinambuzane.

I-Peach isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu ezingadini zaseRussia. Kepha ukuyikhulisa akulula, njengoba kuthambekele ezifweni eziningi zokukhunta, ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane neqhwa. Abalimi kudingeke eziphathekayo ukuze silwe lezi zinkinga, kodwa ngokuzimisela efanele azowaphilisa la impumelelo olulindelekile.

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