Ingqungquthela yePear - inhlobonhlobo yakudala evamile emazweni amaningi anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Idumile eYurophu, eMelika, China. Ungalima kuphi futhi kanjani lolu hlolo - kuyasiza ukwazi umlimi ngalokhu.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezimpawu zayo ezigcwele
Izici zenkomfa yesihlahla sethanga zincike kwisitoko kuwo. Uma ihlathi lehlathi lisebenza ngekhwalithi yalo, khona-ke isihlahla sikhula sibe maphakathi noma siphakeme. Kulokhu, ukuphakama kwawo kuvame ukufinyelela kumamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ngenkathi, amahlumela anikeza ukukhuphuka kwamasentimitha angama-60. Umuthi onjalo uzonikeza isivuno sokuqala kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha kusuka esikhathini sokutshala imbewu eyodwa enonyaka owodwa. Ukuvuna minyaka yonke nokuhle - 60-70 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye. Umuthi ohlomethwe ku-quince uzokhula ube mncane - amamitha ayi-2,5-4 ukuphakama. Umqhele kunoma yikuphi, uzoba ububanzi be-pyramidal, obukhulu, bunamaqabunga kakhulu. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala esimweni sesibili kuphezulu - iminyaka engama-3-4, kepha isivuno sizothamba kakhulu - ama-30- 40 kg ngesihlahla noma ama-210 kg / ha. I-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobonhlobo iphakathi, futhi esitokisini se-quince iphansi, izihlahla zikhipha iqhwa ngisho nakwaqhwa we-15-15 ° C. Abanye abalimi baqaphele ukwanda kwe-hardness yasebusika yengqungquthela ye-pear ngobudala. Ukubekezelelwa kwesomiso kwezinhlobonhlobo nakho akuhlukile futhi kudinga ukuthambisa kaningi. Ezigulini nasezinambuzaneni, ukungatheleleki kuphakathi, cishe akuthinteki yisibazi, kukhona amathuba aphezulu wokushiswa kwamaqabunga ngesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Izithelo zisuswa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-maphakathi no-Okthoba. Zigcinwa kahle esiqandisini kuze kube uJanuwari. Amapharele makhulu impela futhi anombala munye - isisindo esijwayelekile singama-143 amagremu. Ukwakheka kwezithelo kunombala obunjiwe-obunjiweyo, abambelele kahle esihlahleni, angaziphihli. I-peel ithambile impela, iluhlaza okotshani, imbozwe amabala aminyene. Kepha inyama enokhilimu opinki inobumnene, ubusawoti, ubusawoti, incibilika emlonyeni futhi inambitheka imnandi, imnandi. Ama-Tasters e-Ukraine alinganise ukunambitheka kwe-Conference 4.8-4.9 amaphuzu. Kunezithombo ezimbalwa ngaphakathi kwezithelo; kutholakala ukutholakala kwamapheya angenazithombo. Izithelo ezisetshenziselwa itafula, zikwazi ukuthuthwa kahle.
Ngaphakathi kwezithelo zethanga, ingqungquthela yembewu imbalwa noma cha nhlobo
Lapho kukhula khona iNgqungquthela, kufaka phakathi neRussia
Ingqungquthela yePearl okokuqala njengezinhlobonhlobo yahlukaniswa eNgilandi ngonyaka we-1884 kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yaba kabanzi eWestern Europe. Kulula ukubala ukuthi lokhu kuhlukahluka sekuhlakulelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-130. Le Ngqungquthela yavela kwirejista Yezwe Yombuso WaseRussia kamuva nje - ngonyaka ka-2014, yahlakazwa esifundeni saseNyakatho neCaucasus. Umqalisi kwakuyi-Institute of Horticulture ye-Ukrainian Agrarian Academy of Sciences.
Umsunguli - inhlangano eyodwa noma yezomthetho eyakha, eyala, noma yaveza ukuhlukahluka kwesitshalo noma ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane futhi (noma) iqinisekisa ukongiwa kwayo, kepha akuyona eyamalungelo obunikazi.
I-Wikipedia
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Originator
Njengamanje, izinhlobonhlobo azisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga kuphela kepha naseMpumalanga Yurophu, kanye naseMelika naseChina. Kunobufakazi bokutshala ePoland, e-Ukraine, eMoldova. E-Russian Federation, leli peya litshalwa ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama. Abanye abalimi babika okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelelayo kokukhula kwamapheya kuNgqungquthela eSifundeni SaseMoscow naseBelarus, kepha akukho mininingwane ngokutshala kwama-mass umlimi kulezi zindawo ezisenyakatho. Yebo, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngenxa yobusika obuphansi bokuqina kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, inqwaba yokuthunyelwa kwamapheya isuka eChina iye emazweni ahlukahlukene yiCongress. Ngenxa yalokhu, leli peya kwesinye isikhathi libizwa ngokuthi yiNkomfa yaseChina. Kepha igama elinjalo elingelona igama likhuluma kuphela ngomsuka wezithelo eziningi, hhayi ngezici ezihlukile.
Amapheya akhula kanjani iNkomfa
Amapharele ezinkomfa akhula zombili ezindlini nasezivandeni zezimboni. Endabeni yokugcina, izithombo ezikwi-quincefid ezincane ze-quince zivame ukukhethwa. Isikhathi sokuphila sezihlahla ezinjalo sineminyaka engama-35-45 kuphela, kepha, ngenxa yokubekezelela ukunakekelwa nokuvunwa, indlela izithethelela ngokwezomnotho. Amapharele we-dwarf avame ukutshala kuma-trellises asebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-palmette. Ezindaweni zasendlini, amaparele alesi zinhlobonhlobo avame ukutshalwa esitokisini samapharele asendle - kulokhu, izihlahla, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zikhula zinde. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, isikhathi sokuphila kwezitshalo ezinjalo sifinyelela eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu. Kunzima ukusho lokhu ngokweqiniso, kepha kunoma yikuphi, iNkomfa ibiphile isikhathi eside esitokisini esenziwe ngethanga.
Ingqungquthela ihlala esitokisini sephara isikhathi eside
Ingqungquthela yePear inokuzikhiqizela okuphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwayo kungukuphola okulingene. Kepha, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka, isivuno sizoba ngaphezulu futhi siqine ebukhoneni bokuthi bangabavoti abengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, amaparele ezinhlobonhlobo uWilliam, uBere, uLyubimitsa Klappa, uChizhovskaya.
Ividiyo: Ingqungquthela yokuBheka i-Pear
Ukutshala eliphakathi kwethanga
Njenganoma yiliphi eliphakathi kwethimba, iNgqungquthela ithanda izindawo ezinokhanya kahle, ezifudumele ilanga, ezinomoya opholile. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zindawo akufanele zishaywe yimimoya ebandayo yasenyakatho futhi akufanele ibe sezindaweni ezikhukhulwe ngamanzi enhlabathi. Inhlabathi ngokukhethekile zithuthelekile, zinamanzi amaningi, zinokusabela okuncane kwe-asidi. Izinhlabathi ze-alkaline azemukeleki, ngoba eliphakathi kweziguli futhi lakhiwe kabi kuzo. Inani elifanelekile le-acidity lisendaweni ye-pH 5.0-6.5, kungenzeka ukutshala enhlabathini nge-pH 4.2-4.4.
Ibanga kusuka ezakhiweni, ezicijeni noma ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5.5-6 ngeparele ende. Izitshalo ezikhula kancane zitshalwa ngemigqeni ngokuphumula kwamamitha ayi-3-4 kanye nebanga phakathi kwemigqa yamamitha angama-5-6. Lapho ukhula kuma-trellises, ibanga eliphakathi kwezintambo lincishiswa libe amamitha ayi-3-3,5, futhi isikhathi esiphakathi kwezihlahla ezikulayini ngamamitha ayi-2,5.
Njengoba iNgqungquthela itshalwe ezindaweni ezifudumele, lokhu kungenziwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kunoma ikuphi, akufanele kube nokuphuma kwesixha ngesikhathi sokutshala. Endabeni yokutshala kwekwindla yesitshalo ebusika bokuqala, kungakuhle ukusimboze nge-spanbond noma ezinye izinto zokufudumeza. Izithombo zitholakala kangcono kuneminyaka engu-1-2, izihlahla ezindala zingatshalwa kuphela ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe. Ngendlela, kulokhu, isikhathi sokufika singaba yisiphi - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.
Uma uhlela ukukhula kuma-trellises, khona-ke ukufakwa kwawo kufanele kunakekelwe kusengaphambili. Faka izinsimbi zomugqa noma izisekeli zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe amamitha amathathu ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Isikhathi phakathi kwezikhala eziseduze kugcinwa zilingana namamitha amahlanu. Imigqa eminingana yocingo lwensimbi idonswa phakathi kokuthunyelwe, kodwa lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Imiyalo yokutshala eminye iyafana kubo bobabili ama-trellis nohlobo olulodwa lokukhula kwethanga. Siqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika akumele kwenziwe kungaphansi kwenyanga ngaphambi kosuku lokufika okufanele. Endabeni yokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kulungiswa umgodi ekwindla. Kwenze kanjena:
- Bamba umgodi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-70-80 nobubanzi obufanayo. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, umthamo womgodi wenziwa ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1-1,53.
- Uma inhlabathi isinda, ungqimba lwamasentimitha ayishumi lubekwa phansi. Itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe, isitini esaphukile, njll. Lingenza ngokomgangatho walo. Uma inhlabathi inesihlabathi, khona-ke ungqimba lobumba olucwebile olufanayo lubekwa phansi komgodi.
- Ngemuva kwalokhu, inhlanganisela yezakhi ilungiswa ngesamba esanele ukugcwalisa umgodi phezulu. Ingxube enjalo inezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat, humus, chernozem nesihlabathi ngokufakwa kwama-300-400 amagremu we-superphosphate namalitha amathathu noma amane womlotha wezinkuni.
- Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela etholakele, iniselwa ngamanzi bese ushiya ukucwilisa inhlabathi. Uma umgodi ulungiswa ekwindla wokutshala kwentwasahlobo, khona-ke ebusika kufanele imbozwe ngezinto zokuphahla, ifilimu, isaladi, njll.
Umgodi wethala ogcwele ingxube yezakhi phezulu
- Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zifakwe emanzini amahora amaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungangeza uhlobo oluthile lokuvuselela ukukhula, isibonelo, i-Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, njll.
- Emgodini, yenza umgodi ngosayizi owanele ukuhlalisa isistimu yezimpande zezithombo. Kuthululelwa idokodo elincanyana maphakathi nomgodi, futhi ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-10- 10 ukusuka phezulu, kufakwa isigxobo sokhuni esingamasentimitha ayi-100-120 ukusuka phezulu kwenhlabathi. Uma ukhule ku-trellis, isigxobo asidingeki.
- Isithombo sibekwa ngentambo yezimpande ngaphezulu kwe-knoll, iqonde izimpande bese imboza inhlabathi phezulu. Yenza lokhu ngokulinganayo, ezingxenyeni, uqinisa ngamunye kahle.
Lapho igcwalisa izimpande nomhlaba, kufanele ihlanganiswe kahle
- Ukwenza lesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuqapha indawo yentamo yezimpande - ekugcineni, kufanele kube cishe ezingeni lomhlabathi ohlangene.
- Isithombo siboshelwe esigxotsheni ngezinto ezinwebekayo. Uma kukhethwa osebenzisa i-trellis, atweba imigqa eminingana yensimbi ngokunqenqema kwamasentimitha angama-30-50, emva kwalokho izithombo ziboshelwe kulezi zintambo.
- Kwenziwa umbuthano osondelene nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika futhi ungene kahle ngamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi kufanele inyuswe kakhulu futhi inamathele ezimpandeni zesithombo.
Ngemuva kokutshala yisithombo, iniselwa kakhulu
- Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu selithukululiwe laze lafakwa phakathi.
- Isithombo sisikwa sibe ngamasentimitha angama-60-80, amagatsha anqunywa phakathi.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Ukuthola isivuno esivamile nesiphezulu se-pear, iNgqungquthela idinga ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi.
Ukunisela
Ingqungquthela ye-Pear idinga ukuthambisa okujwayelekile futhi okuningi. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, izithelo ziba zincane futhi zingabi nakuthela. Uma ukuntuleka komswakama kuba yinto ebucayi - iparele lingalahlekelwa ezinye zezithelo, noma konke konke. Ukuchelela okuhlanu kuya kweziyishumi nambili kuvame ukufuneka ngesizini. Lesi samba sincike kwimvamisa yezulu, izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama walo. Ukunquma ukuthi ipharele lidinga ukuchelela, umuntu wenza lokho kanye. Kuthathwa idlanzana lomhlaba kusuka esixotsheni sesiqu bese ligxotshwa esigaxeni. Isigaxa siphonswa emhlabathini sisuka endaweni ephakeme cishe yemitha eyodwa. Uma sikhubazekile, isihlahla sidinga ukuthambisa. Ngakho-ke, uma inhlama ihlala iqinile, umhlabathi umanzi impela futhi ukuthambisa akudingeki. Izihlahla ezizodwa zivame ukuniselwa ngawodwa emithini yezihlahla ezakhiwe. Endabeni yokutshala okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulelwe ku-trellis, kungakuhle ukuhlomisa uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nesidingo sokuvula kuyancipha. Futhi futhi nezikhathi eziphakathi kokuphuza ziyanda endabeni yokulanywa kwemibuthano yeziqu. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuhamba ebusika, ukuchelela ukulayisha amanzi kuyenziwa. Lesi sigaba sandisa ubulukhuni beparele ebusika.
Ukuchelela ukuchelela kulungele ukutshala kweqembu lamapheya
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo ojwayelekile oqala eminyakeni emi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala uzoqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphezulu nokwenziwa minyaka yonke kwezithelo ezisezingeni. Entwasahlobo, ngonyaka, amagremu angama-20-30 e-ammonium nitrate, urea, noma nitroammophoska alethwa ngaphansi kokumba. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, kumanyolo we-organic asetshenziswa ngesilinganiso samakhilogremu ayi-7 nge-1 m2. Kungaba humus, umquba, Peat. Zilethwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwandisa isibalo sama-ovari, isitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo se-0,2 g se-boric acid kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kufakwa umanyolo we-potash (potassium monophosphate, potassium sulfate) ngesilinganiso se-10-20 g / m2ngaphambi kokuziqeda ngamanzi okuchelela izihlahla. Futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo, iparele londliwa ngomanyolo we-organic. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gxilisa kuqala amalitha amabili ama-mullein kumalitha ayishumi amanzi izinsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwezi-10. Esikhundleni se-mullein, ungathatha ilitha elilodwa lezithonsi zezinyoni noma ama-kilogramu ama-5-7 otshani obusha. I-infusion eqediwe iyahlungwa bese idliwa ukuthambisa. Sebenzisa ilitha elilodwa laleli gxila nge-1 m2 umbuthano wesiqu, usisongele ngokwedlule ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-10. Esikhathini sonyaka ungenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu kuka-2-3.
Ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba, i-superphosphate ingezwa ngenani lama-30-40 g / m2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokulandela ziyadingeka. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njengengxenye yamanyolo ayinkimbinkimbi amaminerali.
Ukuncipha
Izindlela zokulungisa nokubumba umqhele weparele INgqungquthela incike esitokweni lapho yaxhunyelelwa khona kanye nendlela ekhethiwe yokulima.
I-Tall Pear Convention Formation
Uma le Ngqungquthela ikhulele esitokisini sethanga lasehlathini, khona-ke inikeze ukwakheka komqhele wepararse-tier. Ukwakheka okunjalo kwaziwa kahle futhi akunzima kumlimi onesipiliyoni. Yisebenzise ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo iminyaka engama-4-5 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukwenziwa kwe-Sparse-tiered kusetshenziselwa izihlahla ezinde
Ukwakheka kwamapheya angaphansi kwe-Conference nge ndlela evamile yokulima
Lapho ukhula i-Conference pearl kwisipikili se-quince, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukwakheka okwenziwe inkomishi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufafazwa okuhle nokukhanyisa kwevolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele, kanye nokunakekelwa kalula nokuvunwa, kuyatholakala. Lokhu kwakhiwa kuvame ukutholakala eminyakeni emi-4-5. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuvusa ukuqina komqhele, okuvele kuyisici seNgqungquthela yamaparele.
Ngengqungquthela ye-pearl ngesizinda se-quince, ukwakheka komqhele ngohlobo lwesitsha kufanelekile
Ingqungquthela yokwenziwa kwamaparele kwi-trellis ngesimo sezintende zezandla
Ngalesi sakhiwo, amagatsha asendizeni efanayo asele. Imvamisa, kubekwa amagatsha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12. Abangaphansi bane-angle yokuthambekela ngaphakathi kwe-45-55 °, abangaphezulu - 60-80 °. Zonke zihlanganiswa nophahla lwe-trellis, zigobeka uma kunesidingo. Ngesikhathi sokuklanywa, umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi usikwa minyaka yonke ukuze abe amasentimitha angama-60-70 ngaphezulu kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu. Wonke amagatsha angadingekile futhi ancintisanayo asikwa "ungene kwindandatho." Amagatsha ayisihlwitha ashiywe isikhathi sokungamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Akukhothwanga noma kuboshwe, kunikeza ithuba lokukhula kwamahhala.
Ukwenza umqhele weparele ngokohlobo lwe-palmette, shiya amagatsha akhiwe endizeni efanayo
Lungisa ukunqampuna
Le Ngqungquthela ibaluleke kakhulu kumapheya amangalisa, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ngamanani amade. Kwenziwa minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngokusika amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele futhi awenze uqweqwe.
Crop Support
Kuvame ukwenziwa ehlobo phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane ngokufinyeza (ukumiswa) kwamasentimitha ayi-5- 10. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha akhula kakhulu lapho kutshalwa khona isivuno sonyaka olandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina isivuno esiphakeme kungaqinisekiswa ngokusika kuya esikhundleni sokudubula ngokusho kohlobo lokwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi. Le ndlela idinga isipiliyoni esengeziwe nesikhathi.
Ukugcina isivuno esiphakeme sethanga kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthena ukudubula ngokufaka uhlobo lwegilebhisi
Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka
Lolu hlobo lokuthena okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Yenza ekwindla sekwephuzile ngemuva kokumisa ukuphuma kwe-sap ngokusika amagatsha owomile, onesifo, naphukile. Njengoba ama-pathogens engaqukatha amagciwane, ashiswa ngemuva kokususwa. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko, uma kunesidingo, kuyaphindwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma kuvela amahlumela ebusika noma amahlumela aqhekekile ebusika.
Izifo nezilokazane - izinhlobo eziphambili nezixazululo zenkinga
Ingqungquthela ye-Pear ayinakho ukungazethembi okuphezulu kwezifo ngaphandle kwesigaxa. Ngakho-ke, lapho uyikhulisa, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvinjelweni nasekuhanjisweni kwendle.
Ithebula: izinhlobo zomsebenzi wokuvimbela nokuhlanzeka lapho kukhula amapharele
| Izinhlobo zomsebenzi | Izihloko | Inhloso yomsebenzi |
| Ukuqoqwa kanye nokushiswa kwamaqabunga awile, ukhula nokunye udoti | Ukuwa | Ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane zobusika kanye nezinhlamvu zama-pathogen fungus |
| Iziqu zembobo emhlophe kanye namagatsha wamathambo ngesixazululo sikalayimu esithambile ngokufakwa kwe-3% sulfate yethusi. Isixazululo esinjalo singathathelwa indawo ngopende abakhethekile bengadi. | Ukugwema ukushiswa yilanga nokuvinjelwa kwezifo zokukhunta. Kanye nokwakha izithiyo zezinambuzane ezinambuzane zingene kumqhele. | |
| Ukumba kwenhlabathi yombuthano wesiqu ku-bayonet yefosholo enepuliphu yezingqimba zomhlaba | Ukuwa kwesikhathi | Ukuphakamisa izinambuzane zobusika phansi nokufa kwazo okulandelayo okuvela kusithwathwa |
| Ukulima umbuthano osondelene nesiqu somuthi ngesixazululo esingu-3% se-sulfate yethusi | Ukuwa sekwephuzile, intwasahlobo yokuqala | Ukuvimbela izifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane |
| Ukwelapha ukubulala izinambuzane ngesenzo sendawo yonke. I-DNOC isetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, kweminye iminyaka kusetshenziswa iNitrafen. | Intwasahlobo yokuqala | |
| Ukufakwa kwamabhande okuzingela | Ukubhekela phambili ekutholeni umqhele womuntu odla inyama yezinyosi, izinambuzane ezifaka amakhodi, izintuthwane ezithwele ama-aphid, njll. | |
| Ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides e-systemic afana no-Horus, Quadris, Skor, njll. | Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwazo zonke izifo fungal ezingaba khona. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, futhi emva kwalokho kube nesikhathi sokuya emavikini angama-2-3. Ukwelashwa okunjalo ngemuva kwezimvula kusebenza ikakhulukazi lapho izimo ezithandekayo zenzelwe isikhunta. | |
| Ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides anjenge-Decis, Spark, Spark Bio, njll. | Zokuvimbela izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, okwesibili - ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, okwesithathu - izinsuku eziyi-10 emva kwesibili. | |
Ithebula: Ingqungquthela Yezifo Ezinkulu Zeparele
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa |
| I-Soot fungus | Eqabungeni nasezithelweni zeparele, kuyabonakala ukugoba okumpunga okumhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wayo uba mnyama, ufane nensipho. Imvamisa lesi sifo sivela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo futhi sandulelwa ukuhlulwa kwe-aphid ephakathi. Amakha lawo amnandi ayindawo yokuzalela ukhunta. | Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukuvikela izintuthwane kusuka ezinwantabeni zingene emqheleni, ophethe ama-aphid lapho. Ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides ajwayelekile. |
| I-Moniliosis | Isifo esijwayelekile sokukhula kwezithelo zikaphayini nezithelo zamatshe. Kunezigaba ezimbili. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezinyaweni zazo zingena ezinhlangeni ze-pathogen ziye ezimbalini zesitshalo. Ukhunta luhlasela izimbali bese lungena amahlumela nakumahlamvu. Izingxenye ezithintekile ziyabuna, zibune, bese ziba mnyama. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi ukushiswa kwezezimali. Ehlobo, ukhunta uthelela izithelo zeparele, okwenza ukubola okungwevu. | Uma kutholakala amahlumela anegciwane, kufanele anqunywe ngokubanjwa kwamasentimitha angama-20-30 enkuni ezinempilo. Futhi ususe zonke izingxenye ezithintekile - izimbali, ama-ovari, izithelo. Bese kulandela umjikelezo wokwelashwa nge-fungicides. |
| Ukugqwala | Izimpawu zokuqala emaqabungeni epheya ngesimo sezindawo ezincane (0.5 mm) zamabala aluhlaza okotshani avela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukukhula, amabala aphenduka abe ngama-warts ngaphakathi okukhona kuwo okuyisikhunta. Ama-spores aphenduka abe yi-mycelium, awela emaqabungeni e-juniper. Kuyamthinta futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1.5-2,5 entwasahlobo, izinhlamvu zesikhunta ziphinde zashaya iparele. Ngakho-ke, ukugqwala kuhlasela iparele kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ukwehlula ogwini Olwandle Olumnyama lweKrasnodar Territory naseCrimea kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-100%. | Gwema ukutshala ithini lamapheya kanye nama-junipers eduze. Yenza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngama-fungicides. |
Igalari Yezithombe: Izifo Ezinkulu Zeparele
- I-sooty fungus kumaqabunga epheya ivela njenge-plaque emnyama
- I-Moniliosis ehlobo ithinta izithelo ngokubola okungwevu
- Ukugqwala emigqonyeni yamaparele kuvela eceleni kwejuniper
Cishe Izilokazane Zeparele
Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela kuphela zisebenza ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho izithelo noma izimbali ezidliwe yibhungane lezimbali ezithintwa yizimbungulu zitholakala, sekwephuze kakhulu ukulwa.
Bhungane
Lesi sikhwanyana esincane sifihla emhlabathini oyindilinga oseduze, kuthi lapho kuqala intwasahlobo sikhuphukele phezulu, bese kuthi lapho isiqu saso siwele phezu komqhele wethanga. Lapho, uthinta imiqumbe, izimbali, amaqanda, amahlumela amancane. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, kubeka amaqanda enhlabathini, lapho kuvela khona izibungu - okuthiwa ama-khrushchites. Lezi zinambuzane zidla ngezimpande zezitshalo ezincane. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla ngokuvamile zivimbela ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane.
I-pear Blossom Okokuqala Ithinta Amabhuda Wembali Ye-Pear
Isundu
Indiza entwasahlobo, ibeka amaqanda enhlabathini, lapho amacimbi aqhuma khona. Ngemuva kwalokho bavukela umqhele futhi bangene nezithelo zeparele. Esizeni sokungena ungabona umgodi onsundu ngokudonsa kwegamu. Ungahlangana nenkathazo kuphela ngokubona izindlela zokuthintela.
Lapho amacimbi enundu eliphakathi kwegatsha athela izithelo, sekephuze kakhulu ukulwa nawo
Ama-aphid
Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-aphid awela emqhele ngosizo lwezintuthwane. Ithinta amaqabunga angaphansi, kamuva athi agoqe abe yibhubhu. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kusebenza kuphela kuleso sigaba kuze kube yilapho amahlamvu egobile. Uma amaqabunga esevele anciphile, kuhlala kuwunqume kuwo kuphela.
Izintuthwane zithanda ukudla izidlo ezinamakha ze-aphid
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ingqungquthela ukunambitheka kwengane. Angazi ngawe, kepha umkhulu wami wayesengenalutho vele maphakathi no-Okthoba. Uma nje kusezitolo ezinkulu (phezulu kuphela awugqinsi). Kuquqeka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s ngenxa yesikhunta esishubile (isifo sangena ngaphakathi). Wagibela emthunzini (ilanga kusukela ekuseni kuze kube ngamahora ayi-10 futhi ukusuka ku-18 kuya ekushoneni kwelanga), mhlawumbe yingakho bekungekho netha kumapheya. Umuthi ugxilisiwe. Manje sesithengise izithombo zengqungquthela futhi ngeke uzithole.
Udokotela-KKZ, Belarus
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740
Isizathu sokutshalwa kwezimboni okusakazekile kwethimba leNkomfa eNtshonalanga Yurophu sichazwa kalula. yaqanjwa nini ingqungquthela eyahlukahlukene? Khipha ku-Pamology yasePoland (nakwabanye ayikho imininingwane enjalo, ngaphandle kokuthi njengoba kwathathwa maphakathi nekhulu le-19): "Ukuhlukahluka kwaqanjwa kanjani eNgilandi ngo-1884. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusukela ngonyaka we-1894." Ngakho-ke, naleli banga sebesebenze iminyaka engu-131. Ngokungangabazeki, iqiniso lokuthi ngalesi sikhathi lifundwe ngokwanele kuzo zonke izifunda lapho kungenzeka khona ukulikhulisa.
ilich1952
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740
Ngingasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi le Ngqungquthela yamapheya impela ebusika iqine impela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Amaqanda avinjelwe yibhande laseChizhevskaya.
Izithelo zeNkomfa zivuthwe ngokuphelele ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-fetus sasingu-180 amagremu.
I-Anona, isifunda saseMoscow
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740
Sawubona Ingqungquthela esifundeni sami saseSumy iyakhula futhi ithela izithelo. Kuyiqiniso, izithelo zokuqala kwakufanele zilinde iminyaka eyi-12. Esihlahleni, cishe asikaze sivuthwe, ngo-Okthoba sawususa kwikhabethe. Kancane kancane sikhula esinye emva kwesinye. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, kunambitheka kakhulu futhi okunamafutha. Ikhiqiza kakhulu, isivuno sikhulu noma sikhulu kakhulu - khona-ke kufanele ubophe futhi uxhase amagatsha. Ngokwami ngijabule kakhulu ngaleli banga. Ngokuzithoba, Oleg.
Oleg, Sumy
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9733
Ungazami ukukhulisa iNkomfa kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Azikho izimangaliso futhi kungekudala zizohola. Kepha esifundeni esiseNyakatho yeCaucasus, ugu lweLwandle Olumnyama lweKrasnodar Territory neCrimea, lokhu kuhluka kuyathandeka kwezentengiso. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, impilo yamashalofu nokuhamba, kanye nokungenzeka kokutshala okuhlanganisiwe kuma-trellises, ukuhlukahluka kuyathandeka kubalimi nakubalimi.
