Ukuvunyelwa kweparele

Ukuvunyelwa kweparele ngepare kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho kunesidingo sokubuyisa okuhlukahlukene, sandise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto esizeni ngaphandle kokutshala izihlahla ezintsha nakwabanye. Abalimi abaningi abaqalayo besaba ukuqala umsebenzi onjalo, becabanga ukuthi luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Sizozama ukuqeda ukwesaba kwabo.

Ukuvunyelwa kweparele

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhathi siyeza lapho umlimi ecabanga ngokuxhunyelelwa izihlahla zezithelo. Izizathu zalokhu zingahluka. Ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungatyala kanjani iparele.

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala iparele

Vele ungakwenza. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwe-scion kanye ne-stock kahle kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo zohlobo olufanayo. Imvamisa, amapharele wezinti ezingamelana nohlobo lweqhwa, izinhlobo eziqinile, i-Ussuri pearl nezasendle asetshenziswa njengesitoko.

Isitoko isitshalo lapho ingxenye (ihlumela, isiqu) sesinye isitshalo sikhula khona. Ukuxhunyelelwa luhlaka noma isiqu sesitshalo esitshalwayo, esitshalwa esitokweni.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Ukuvunyelwa kweparele kunezinzuzo ezithile:

• Ukusinda okuhle nokuhambisana.
• Ukwenza ngcono izici zezinhlobonhlobo ngenxa yokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinzima zebusika-eziqinile njenge-stock.
• Ukusheshisa kokuqala kokukhiqiza izithelo uma kwenzeka ngokuxhunyelelwa kuwo umqhele wesihlahla esidala.
• Amandla okuba nesihlahla sinye izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamapheya.
• Amandla wokufaka esikhundleni esisheshayo i-pears engaphumelelanga ngokushintsha amagatsha wamathambo.

Okubi ngezitoko zamaparele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye azitholakalanga.

Umuthi wokugoma uthini lamapheya e-varietal and zasendle

Masinyane, siphawula ukuthi awukho umehluko ezindleleni nasezindlela zokuxhunyelelwa ezitokisini ezihlukile nezasendle. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukanisa kubo encazelweni akunangqondo.

Ithiphu. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izindlela zokugoma ezichazwe ngezansi, kufanelekile ukuzijwayeza izitshalo zasendle ukuthola amakhono adingekayo.

Ukukopela

Leli igama lenqubo yokufakwa kwesitshalo esixhunyiwe esiswini seziphuphu. Kungenziwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokugeleza kokusebenza okusebenzayo, noma engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo (ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti), lapho isigaba sesibili sokukhula kocamba lwe-cambial siqala. Yilezi zingxenye ze-scion nesitoko okufanele kuhlanganiswe kakhulu lapho kugonywa kwenziwa. Ukulungela kwesihlahla ukuqunjelwa kunqunywa ngokwahlukana okulula kwegxolo kusuka ngokhuni.

Lapho wenza imigomo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izingqimba ze-cambial ze-scion kanye nesiphutha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yenza ukuqunjelwa kwezulu ngesimo sezulu esinamafu njengokulandelayo:

1. Ngosuku lokugomela, nquma ihlumela elincane kupare lezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe.
2. Khetha indawo yokuxhunyelelwa esisekelweni sesiphuphu - kufanele ibe kude kwamasentimitha ayi-10- 10 ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande zesitshalo esincane (noma ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-5- 10 ukusuka ezisekelweni zegatsha lapho isenzo sokuxhunyelelwa singene umqhele wesihlahla). Ezifundeni ezinesithwathwa esineqhwa eliningi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubulukhuni obungcono bokubasa kwethanga, indawo yokugoma ikhethwa endaweni ephakeme okungenani yamamitha. Kulokhu, zonke izinso ezingezansi ziyimpumputhe.
3. Izinso elinezingqimba zokhuni (2-3 mm) nezinkuni ezigqinsiwe ubude obuyi-12mm ubude zisikwa kusuka ekuvuneni okuvunwe ngensingo ebukhali noma ummese wokuqhakaza. Lesi siqeshana sibizwa ngabalimi.
4. Endaweni ekhethiwe, kwenziwa isici esenziwe nge-T noma i-slice, ngokulingana nendawo yothango.
5. Faka isihlangu ku-incision noma ufake ku-cut, cindezela ngokuqinile bese uyisongela ngetheyipu elukiwe, ishiya izinso zikhululekile.
   
   

   Okulirovanie ukuchitha esimweni sezulu esinamafu

Ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngeso elikhulayo - ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngokushesha kuqala ukukhula. Ehlobo, kusetshenziswa iso lokulala, elizokhula kuphela entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo.

Indlela Yokuxhunyelelwa

Ukugoma nge-cutways kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, izinsuku ziyahlukahluka kusuka maphakathi no-Mashi ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu okusinda ayatholakala. Izimbambo zalokhu zivunwa ekwindla, zisika amagatsha afanele anobude bamasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ngokuhluma okuhle kokuhluma. Kungcono ukuzigcina egumbini elingaphansi noma esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa + 2-5 ° C.

Ukukopisha

Le yindlela yokugoma lapho ama-diameter we-scion kanye nesitoko alingana khona noma i-scion icekeceke. Kulokhu, ama-diameter we amahlumela asikiwe kufanele abe ku-4 kuya ku-15 millimeter. Hlukanisa phakathi kokubhaliwe okulula nokwenziwe ngcono (kwe-serif), kanye nokuzilinganisa ngedabuli. Nasi imiyalo yesinyathelo-ngasinye yokuqalisa ukusebenza:

1. Ezingxenyeni ezixhunyiwe zesitshalo, izingxenye ezifanayo zenziwa ubude be-3-4 cm ekhoneni lika-20-25 °. Ukwakheka kweziqeshana kuncike kwindlela ekhethiwe yokukopisha:
   • Kulula - ukusikwa okujwayelekile okubushelelezi.
   • Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono - ukusikeka okwengeziwe kwenziwa kwizilayi.
   • Nge-saddle - isiteji sinqunywa esikhungweni, esifakwe emsikeni wesitoko.
2. Xhuma izingcezu zombili.
3. Songa indawo yokugoma ngetheyipu. Ungasebenzisa i-tepi kagesi ngentambo enamathele ngaphandle noma nge-fum tape.
4. Sika isiqu esifakwe kuwo, ushiye ama-2-3 efihlekile. Gcoba isayithi elisikiwe nge-var var engadini.
5. Babeka isikhwama sepulasitiki esiqwini futhi basibopha ngaphansi kwesiza sokuxhunyelelwa. Ephaketheni yenza izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane zomoya omncane. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukudala umswakama ofanele, ohlinzeka ngokusinda okungcono. Iphakethe lisuswa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-1-2.
   

   Ukukopisha kulula, kuthuthukisiwe futhi ngebhadi

Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela

Umuthi wokugoma onjalo ungenziwa ezisekelweni ezine-diameter ka-8 kuya ku-100 wamamilimitha. Ububanzi be-scion kuleli cala kungenzeka bungahambelani nobubanzi besitoko. Ngomehluko omkhulu kububanzi besitoko esisodwa, ungatshala amagatsha ambalwa weparele. Kodwa-ke, zingaba zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ukulandelana kwezenzo kungokulandelayo:

1. Isiqu sisikwa ekhoneni elifanele kwesokudla esikhethiwe. Endabeni yokugonywa egatsheni, inqunywa eduze kwesisekelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Ngesikhathi sokusikwa, sebenzisa ummese obukhali noma izembe ukuze uqhekeze isiqu size sibe ngamasentimitha angama-3-4. Endaweni yobubanzi obukhulu, ama-splits amabili angenziwa ngokunqamula noma ngokufana.
3. Gquma igebe nge-wedge noma ngesikhafu.
4. Umphetho ophansi wesibambo usikiwe, uwunikeze ukwakheka okumise okombala. Faka umgodi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanganisa izingqimba ze-cambial, bese ususa i-wedge. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiqu siboshwe ngokuqinile ku-splinter.
   

   Endabeni yedayimane elikhulu, ukusikwa okuningana kungenziwa ngokuxhunywa emgibeni

5. Lapho-ke, njengenjwayelo, balungisa indawo yokugoma ngetheyiphu, basike isiqu semifino eyi-2-3, bayithambise ngezinhlobonhlobo zasengadini futhi bahlomise i-mini-hotbed esikhwameni sepulasitiki.
   

   Indawo yokugoma igcotshwe nge-var var yengadi.

Ukugonywa kwegxolo

Indlela ifana neyedlule, kepha lokhu akulimazi izinkuni zesiphunzi. Ukuze ukhule ukusika kuleli cala, amagxolo asikwa futhi agobile, lapho kubekwa khona izingcezu ezilungiselelwe. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kweziqu kanye namagatsha obubanzi obukhulu, ngokuxhunyelelwa ngasikhathi sinye kuze kube yizimbambo ezine. Ungayenza kanjani:

1. Cola isiqu noma igatsha ngokufanayo nangendlela edlule.
2. Ukusikeka okuningana kwegxolo kwenziwa kanye namasentimitha angu-4-5 amasentimitha ubude ukusuka kolunye kuya kwabane ngenani lokuxhunyelelwa okuxhunywe ngokufana kanye kudamu lobukhulu (amagatsha).
3. Emaphethelweni aphansi wokusika, yenza i-oblique ukusika i-3-4 cm ubude ngesinyathelo.
4. Faka ukusika ngemuva kwegxolo, ugobe ngobunono futhi uhlanganise izingqimba ze-cambium.
   

   Faka ukusika ngemuva kwegxolo, ugobe ngobumnene futhi uhlanganise izingqimba ze-cambium

5. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyafana nezindlela ezedlule.

Izidingo zokugoma ezijwayelekile

Ukuze umuthi wokugoma usebenze futhi usinde kakhulu, kufanele umuntu alandele lezi zincomo:

• Ukuze wenze umsebenzi, sebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi abukhali (imimese yokuqamba, imimese yokuqhakaza, izihlalo zasengadini, iziSayensi zokuxhunyelelwa, ama-hacksaws, izembe).
• Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ithuluzi kufanele lihlanzwe ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulfate yethusi, utshwala, noma isisombululo esingu-1% se-hydrogen peroxide.
• Zonke izigaba zenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokugoma. Isikhathi esivela ngesikhathi ukusikwa kwenziwa enhlanganisweni ye-scion nesitoko akufanele kudlule umzuzu owodwa.
• I-var engadini esetshenzisiwe akufanele ifake uphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo yokuhlanza uwoyela. Kulokhu, kunamakhompiyutha asuselwa kwizakhi zemvelo (i-lanolin, i-beewax, i-resiferous resin).
  

  Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-var engadini ngokususelwa kwizithako zemvelo

• Ngonyaka wokuqala, indawo yokugoma kufanele ifakwe umthunzi ukuze iphile kangcono.

Igalari Yezithombe: Ithuluzi Lokugoma

Ividiyo: Iworkshop yesihlahla yezihlahla ngokuxhunyelelwa

Izindlela zokugomela i-pearl okuxoxwe ngazo zitholakala kubatshali abasaqala. Ukuqeqeshwa ezihlahleni zasendle kuzonezela ukuzethemba empumelelweni yakhe. Futhi ngemuva komsebenzi wokuqala ophumelelayo, ukuhlolwa okusha nakanjani kuzolandela kule ndlela ehehayo.