
Lapho ukhetha isithombo sethanga, umlimi ngamunye unethemba lokuthola isivuno esihle. Noma ngabe izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme zithengiwe, izinambuzane nezifo zingaba isithiyo esikhulu ekutholeni izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezibomvu. Ukuze ubasuse, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izihlahla zezithelo, ukuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ungaliphatha kanjani iparele kusuka ezifweni nokuthi ulisebenzisa kanjani
I-pearl, njengoba ikhula, idinga izindlela zokuvimbela okuhloswe ngazo ukulwa nezifo eziningi. Uma unganaki ngalesi sikhathi, khona-ke lesi sihlahla asilimazi kuphela, kodwa nesitshalo, esingamane silahlwe. Cabanga ngezifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zeparele nezinyathelo zokulawula.
Ukugqwala
Ukugqwala ngethanga kungenye yezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, okuzibonakala ngendlela yamabala abomvu ngaphandle kweqabunga nokukhula ngaphakathi. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zingabonakala ngoJulayi. Ukugqwala kuholela ekuwa kwamaqabunga, ukulahleka kwesethulo sezithelo, ukunciphisa isisindo sazo. Izindawo eziluhlaza-ophuzi ziba ngamahlumela ezithintekile, ezivimbela ukukhula kwazo nentuthuko. Ngenxa yalokho, baba amafushane futhi awugqinsi, emva kwalokho omile. Ngokwesilinganiso esithile somonakalo emahlumela, ukukhula kwawo kungaqhubeka, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, amagxolo nezinkuni ziyaqhekeka.

Ukugqwala kuparele kuvela njengezindawo ezibomvu ngaphandle kweqabunga bese zikhula ngaphakathi
Umenzeli we-causative walesi sifo ukhunta lwe-pathogenic, ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo ezimbili ezidingekayo - umjunipha nethanga. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi kufanele amasiko womabili aphathwe. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokulwa nalesi sifo:
- Ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo zethanga ezilandelayo kufanele kugwenywe: I-Bere Ardanpon, i-Winter Deccan, i-Cure, i-Clapp's Favorite, njengoba ingena kulesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinzile: Ehlobo ihlobo i-Williams, i-Skorospelka, i-Ilyinka, iBere Ligel, i-Vere Boek, ne-Dekanka ekwindla.
- Ukuze uthuthukise isihlahla, udinga ukunciphisa amagatsha athintekile, uxhasa 5 cm cm kusuka endaweni yomonakalo. Amanxeba ayahlanzwa ngokhuni olunempilo futhi aphathwe ngesisombululo esingu-5% se-sulfate yethusi, emva kwalokho afaka i-var var engadini. Ukupholisa ngokushesha amanxeba, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-var engadini, gcina i-Heteroauxin ngokufaka i-0.5 g yento ku-10 l wamanzi.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umuthi uphathwa nge-1% Bordeaux uketshezi noma i-chloride yethusi. Ngokwesibili bafafazwa ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, okwesithathu ngemuva kokuqhakaza, okwesine - ngemuva kwamanye amasonto ayi-1.5.
- Ukulungiswa kweBayleton kuhlangana kahle nokugqwala. Ngenkathi isetshenziswa cishe izikhathi ezingama-5-6, lapho i-10 g yento ihlanganiswe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
- Ungalungiselela ukumiliselwa komlotha (500 g nge-10 l ukugcizelela amahora angama-48). Amalitha ayi-10 wesisombululo athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa esidala, amalitha ayi-6-4 ngaphansi kwamapheya amancane.
- Imiphumela emihle iboniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesibabule esingu-0.4% colloidal. Isibalo sokwelashwa okungenani sinhlanu: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, emva kwaso, lapho izithelo zakheka futhi emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ividiyo: ukulwa nokugqwala kwethanga
Ukwenza mnyama kube mnyama
Ukugula kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhi zomsoco kungaholela ekutheni amaqabunga amnyama abe mnyama. Enye yezizathu ukushiswa kwamagciwane, okuwukuqongelela kwamagciwane amancane ayingozi. Lesi sifo singasakazekela ezihlahleni ezinempilo yizinambuzane nezinyoni, imvula (imvula, inkungu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga angaphenduka amnyama ngokweqile kwe-organic ne-nitrogen enhlabathini. Lesi sifo siziveza kanjena:
- amacembe we-inflorescence abuna futhi awe, i-peduncle ithola umbala we-amber okhanyayo;
- amaqabunga aphenduka amnyama, kepha angawi;
- amahlumela athintekayo aba mnyama;
- njengoba lesi sifo singena ngokuqhekeka ku-cortex, kuyabuna kanye nokwakheka kwezindawo ezifile.

Ukufiphalisa amaqabunga epheya kungabangelwa ukushiswa kwamagciwane noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba
Ungabhekana nokushiswa kwebhaktheriya eliphakathi kwezindlela nezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Lapho nje isifo sesiqaphelekile, kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela okonakele endandeni bese kuyashiswa. Isigaxa kuleli cala siphathwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi noma i-0.7% iron sulfate. Esimweni sokuqala, uzodinga ukufaka umpetha we-100 g wento kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kwesibili - 70 g.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ingadi iphathwa izikhathi ezi-3 ngokuvama kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5 ngama-antibhayoriki afana ne-tetracycline noma i-streptomycin (amayunithi ayinkulungwane nge-10 lamalitha amanzi).
- Ungaphatha umuthi ngesixazululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi kuyasebenza futhi (0.7-0.8%). Ukwelashwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwama-inflorescence, ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali nangemva kokuqedwa kwaso.
Ngaphezu kokushisa kwebhakteriya, ukuvela kweplate yamaqabunga kungabonakala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium. Ukuphinda ugcwalise lesi sakhi, i-calcium nitrate iyangezelelwa kuwo wonke amasende okwesibili. Uma umuthi ungenayo i-boron, amaqabunga nawo angaba mnyama, amahlumela amasha akhubazekile, ukukhula kwesithombo kuncishisiwe. Ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwale-microelement kuzosiza ukufafaza, kanye nokunisela nge-boric acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele ukhohlwe ngokugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu ngamanyolo ajwayelekile, angaqinisa ukungavikeleki kwethanga.

Ngokushoda kwe-calcium, amaqabunga weparele nawo angaba mnyama
Ukulwa moss
Iparele elimbozwe yi-moss kanye ne-lichen yehlisa ukukhula futhi libe nezithelo ezimbi. Kancane kancane, amagatsha ezihlahla ezinjalo ayoma futhi afe. Ukukhula okuvela emahlumela kumelela indawo enhle lapho izinambuzane eziyingozi zihlala khona. Izinqubo zokulwa kwe-moss ezihlahleni zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala, imvamisa ngoMashi nasekupheleni kwekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa (ngoNovemba).
Ngaphambi kokucubungula ekwindla, amaqabunga awileyo ayasuswa futhi ashiswe ngaphandle kokuhluleka.
Elinye lamathuluzi amakhulu asetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-mosses nama-lichens yisisombululo esingu-5% se-iron sulfate (50 g wezinto ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Uketshezi oluqediwe luphathwa ngeziqu kanye namagatsha ezihlahla ezinamathambo. Ngemuva kwesonto, ama-mosses kanye nama-lichens kufanele nawo abaleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukulima inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.

Izihlahla zezithelo ezimbozwe ama-mosses kanye nama-lichen ziba nezithelo ezimbi, amagatsha ayoma kancane kancane bese afa
Uma ngemuva kwenqubo enjalo kusenezindawo kumagatsha esihlahla nge-lichen kanye ne-moss, zisuswa ngomshini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, beka ifilimu le-polyethylene noma lendwangu kasayizi ofanele ngaphansi kwepharele, besebenzisa i-spatula yokhuni noma ibhulashi lensimbi, amagatsha esihlahla somuntu kanye nangaphezulu kwesiqu. Izicucu eziwile ze-moss ziqoqwa futhi zichithwe. Musa ukusebenzisa izingcwecwe zensimbi ngalezi zinhloso, ngoba zingalimaza amagxolo.
Ngokuvela ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-moss epanini, kufanele usebenzise i-Scor yezidakamizwa: isetshenziswa ngokwemiyalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lapho umuthi usuhlanzwa, cwilisa imicu ngeziqu zikakhonkolo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-1.5-2 kg yele lime eligayiwe ivuthwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ngokucwaswa, futhi ungasebenzisa amakhompiyutha aselethwe ngomumo.
Ividiyo: indlela yokuqeda ama-lichens kanye ne-moss ezihlahleni zezithelo
Izithelo bola
Izifo ezivamile zamapheya nezinye izilimo zamaphayinti zifaka ukubola kwezithelo noma i-moniliosis, lapho izithelo zithinteka hhayi esihlahleni kuphela, kepha naphakathi kokugcinwa. Lesi sifo sivele ngokulandelayo:
- Okokuqala, kuvela ibala elinsundu elincane ezitsheni, elisakazeka ngokushesha bese limboza lonke izithelo. I-pulp iba nsundu, ithambe futhi iwohloke.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, indawo ethintekile imbozwe ngamaphilisi amakhulu aphuzi namhlophe (2-3 mm) we-sporulation fungus.
- Ama-Spores amafomu emaphashini, asakazeka esihlahleni sonke ngomoya, imvula nezinambuzane.
Izithelo zibola ngokukhula ekukhuleni kwesimo sezulu esifudumele (+ 24-28 ° C) kanye nesimo sezulu esimanzi (75%), kanye nakokutshala okuqinile.

Ukuze unqande ukubola kwezithelo ekhasini, kufanele ulandele imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukuvimbela ukuqala nokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunakekelwa kwethanga. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala ze-moniliosis, izithelo ezilimele kumele zisuswe esihlahleni bese zibhujiswa. Amapheya abolile awile emagatsheni nawo angaphansi kokubhujiswa.
Empini yokulwa nalesi sifo esisidingidwayo, fafaza izihlahla inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna ngesisombululo se-iodine (10 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) ngokuphindwa kwenqubo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu isebenza kahle. Ngezinhloso ezifanayo, ungasebenzisa iFitosporin. Ngezimpawu zokuqala zokubukeka kokubola, iZircon iyelashwa. Uma lesi sifo sabonwa emthini ngesizini edlule, kungcono ukufafaza lapho entwasahlobo.
Kungenzeka ulwe nokubola kwezithelo ngezindlela zamakhemikhali:
- Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, baguqukela kufafaza ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid ngesilinganiso sama-400 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, esigabeni sokunwetshwa kwe-bud, isisombululo esingu-1% siyasetshenziswa.
- Okwesibili, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, baphinde bafafazwe ngo-1% weBordeaux uketshezi noma olunye ukhunta.
- Ukwelashwa kwesithathu kwenziwa emasontweni angama-2-3 ngemuva kwezimbali. Lapho usebenzisa i-chloroxide yethusi kanye ne-Bordeaux fluid, kudingeka uqale ubheke ukuthi le mishanguzo ibangela ukushiswa kwamaqabunga.
Ungaphendukela kumakhambi esintu:
- I-40 g ye-citric acid ne-25 g yensimbi sulfate ihlanjululwe emanzini ayi-10. Isixazululo esiphumela sifafazwe.
- Ingxube yamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, i-6 kg ye-humus ne-150 g ye-iron sulfate isilungiselelwe. Ngomkhonto ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kwenziwa imifino futhi iniselwe ngesisombululo esenziwe ngomumo.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula ithini lamapheya kusuka kuzithelo ezibolile nesibazi
Isikali
I-Scab yisifo sokukhunta, ukuzala okusebenzayo kwako kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho izithelo namaqabunga ezihlahla atheleleka ngaleli gciwane. Izimo ezithandekayo zokusakazwa kwezinhlamvu yisimo sezulu esinomswakama nesifudumele (ngenhla kuka + 20 ° C). Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuqala kwesifo ukwakhiwa kwamabala amnyama velvety emaqabungeni. Uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhunta sizosabalala esihlahleni (amahlumela, izimbali neziqu zamaqanda). Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, isikhumba sazo sithintwa yi-fungus, okuholela ekubukekeni kwezindawo ezomile ezimnyama. Inyama ngaphansi kwabo iba lukhuni futhi iqinile.
Ungabhekana nesibazi ekhasini eliphakathi ngosizo lwezidakamizwa eziningana. Okokuqala, ingxube yeBordeaux. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusebenzisa le fung fung ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, fafaza ngesixazululo esingu-3% uma kungenzeka umonakalo omkhulu esihlahleni;
- ngemuva kwezimbali, faka isisombululo esingu-1%.

Lapho iparele ligaxekile, kuvela amabala amnyama amnyama ekhasini lesithelo, amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezimnyama zokukhanya
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, akusekho ukwedlula izinhlungu ezi-4 zokwenziwa kwezinkuni. Ungalwa nalesi sifo nomuthi uHorus, ongaqukethe ithusi. Ukuvikela umuthi esihlahleni, izindlela zokwelapha ezi-2 zenziwa: ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile eziyishumi. Ngemuva kwenqubo, umphumela uyaqhubeka inyanga. Uma ukutheleleka ngefungus sekuvele kwenzeka, khona-ke ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela kulesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwezimali ezifakwe kuhlu, lezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo zizosiza ukubhekana nesibazi: iTopsin M, Merpan, Traidex.
Ungalisebenzisa kanjani futhi kanjani ipareti kusuka ezinambuzaneni
Ngaphezu kwezifo, i-pearl ibuye ivezwe izinambuzane eziyingozi, okumele zilawulwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Leaflet
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu yamaparele, ezingalimaza cishe wonke amahlamvu esihlahleni ngesikhathi esifushane, ipheshana. Ingozi ayisamelwa umuntu omdala (inundu), kepha yisibungu esinambuzane esisonga amaqabunga abe ngama-bubules bese sidla kuwo. Ngaphambi kokudlulela emaqabungeni, inkathazo ilimaza ama-buds nama-buds, iwafaka ngewebhu.

Ipheshana le-Pear lilimaza ama-buds, ama-buds bese lizishiya
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukulwa nezinambuzane zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kusulwa izingxenye ezifile ze-cortex kanye nokwelapha isiqu nge-2% Karbofos solution. Ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap. Umoya kufanele ufudumale uze ufike okungenani ku-10˚˚, esiza izibungu zibaleke ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Okokuqala, kanye nokufafaza okulandelayo okwalandela (ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza), kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezifana neDecis neKinmix. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa: Di-68, Atom, Rogor-S.
Ngokungeziwe ku-insecticides efakwe kuhlu, ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa, ukucubungula kungenziwa yiKemifos, Iskra, Karbofos, Zitkor. Esikhathini sekwindla, ekugcineni kokuwa kweqabunga, wonke amahlamvu angaphansi kwesihlahla adinga ukuqoqwa, inhlabathi yombuthano oseduze idedelwe, futhi iphathwe ngeBordeaux liquid noma i-sulfate yethusi.
Medianitsa
Uma amaqabunga anamathele aqapheleka eliphakathi kweqabunga, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sihlahla sishaywe umphimbo wethanga - isinambuzane esincane sokuphaphama, esingomunye wokuqala ukundiza ngemuva kwesikhathi sasebusika. I-pest kancane ilimaza amahlumela amasha, amaqabunga, kanye nezithelo kanye nesiqu. Isihlahla seThistle sihlasela futhi silimaze izihlahla zamaparele kuze kube sekwindla. Ukuba khona kwalesi sinambuzane kungahlulelwa ngamaqabunga amnyama, kanye namazolo woju anamathela, amboza izithelo namahlumela. Njengomphumela womonakalo onjalo, amahlamvu nezithelo ziwela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ziba zincane, ukwakheka kwazo njalo kuyalahleka, amahlumela ayoma. Ukungavikeleki kwesihlahla kuyancipha, ukukhula kuncipha, izithelo ziyamiswa.

I-Pearl tinnitus ilimaza amahlumela angenawo lignified, amaqabunga, kanye nezithelo kanye nesiqu
Uma inkathazo ikhona emthini ngamanani amancane, ungazama ukusiqeda ngezindlela zabantu. Okunye kwalokhu ukubhema ugwayi. Ngenqubo, isimo sezulu kumele sizole. Engadini, udinga inqwaba yezinqwaba zotshani obuluhlaza omncane bese ufaka cishe i-2 kg yothuli lukagwayi kubo, bese ubasha umlilo. Ukunciphisa inqubo yokushiswa kotshani, izinqwaba zidinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphansi kwethonya lentuthu, izinambuzane ziyofaka ubuthi futhi ziwe emithini.
Ngokuhlasela kwezinambuzane, ama-insecticides awakwazi ukusatshalaliswa nawo. Ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhluma, futhi kuthuthukiswa ukuqeda inqubo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ezidakamizweni ongazisebenzisa amathuluzi anjengalawa: i-Aktara, Inta-Vir, Commander, Kinmix. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuphindisela ukwelashwa nge-Spark noma i-Agravertin. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe kusihlwa kusihlwa sezulu.

Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-pearl kungukuthi-pearl, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides, njengeKinmix, Aktara, Inta-Vir
Kwabonakala ngabalimi ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni ne-tinnitus kubonakala lapho kunemvula, okuqeda ingxenye yobucwebe besinambuzane.
Kunconywa futhi ukufafaza izihlahla ngaphambi kokushiya inkathazo ebusika (ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti) ngolunye lwezinhlelo ezifakwe kuhlu. Lapho usebenzisa ama-insecticides, izilinganiso ezichazwe emiyalweni kumele zibhekwe ngokuqinile.
Ama-aphid
Ukuvela kwama-aphid ekhasini eliphansi kungaholela hhayi ekulahlekelweni kwesitshalo kuphela, kodwa nasekufeni kwesihlahla. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sobukhona bokuthi inkathazo iboniswe ngesimo sokusonteka nokwomiswa kwamaqabunga okwalandela. I-Aphid yisinambuzane esincane, esifinyelela usayizi ongu-0,5-2 mm. Umzimba wakhe uthambile, u-ovoid onemilenze emide. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga okusontekile, izimpawu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kwama-aphid zihlanganisa:
- amaqabunga, amagatsha, kanye nomhlaba nxazonke zomuthi zimbozwe ngoketshezi oluyimpuphu;
- kumakhompiyutha amancane futhi kuqhakaza kuvela umdwebo omnyama onsundu, okuyisikhunta esinobuthi;
- izimbali kanye namaqanda;
- kulezo zindawo lapho i-aphid iluma khona izithelo, kuvela i-lilac hue ye-peel.

Lapho kuvela ama-aphid esihlahleni, kusonteka futhi ukomisa amaqabunga kwenzeka, izimbali nama-ovari ziyawa
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa ne-aphid futhi enye yazo ukuhluthiswa kwezihlahla okufanele. Ama-Nutrients afaka isandla kuyo yonke inkathi yesizini:
- entwasahlobo - i-nitrogen, ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile, kanye nezinto eziphilayo ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- ehlobo - umanyolo we-nitrogen, ama-microelements anikela ekwandiseni ukumelana kwezinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene;
- ekwindla - udaba lwe-organic, potassium, phosphorus, umlotha.
Izihlahla zezithelo kufanele zondliwe ngesikhathi nangesilinganiso esifanele, ngoba izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ziheha izimbotshana ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokwenziwa ngokweqile.
Ngesinambuzane, ungalwa nabantu noma izindlela zamakhemikhali. Izindlela zabantu zomzabalazo, ungasebenzisa i-decoction of dandelions. Ukuze uyilungiselele, thatha ama-0,5 kg weziqu ngezimbali bese ugcizelela usuku olungu-1 litre lamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho uketshezi lubilisiwe imizuzu engu-15, amakhanda amabili e-garlic ochotshoziwe ayangezwa bese ingxube yonke ibilisiwe eminye imizuzu emi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho umhluzi uyahlungwa bese uthululelwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, engeza ama-30 g wesipho eluhlaza. Ngalesi sixazululo, amahlamvu ayafafazwa kanye ngeviki kusihlwa. Ungasebenzisa futhi uthuli likagwayi noma umlotha wezinkuni, owenza ukungcoliswa kwamaqabunga avela emuva.
Ividiyo: ukulawulwa kwe-aphid ezihlahleni zezithelo
Ukuze ulwe nama-aphid namuhla, kunikezwa amalungiselelo amaningi amakhemikhali athintana, amathumbu nemiphumela ehlelekile. Ukusuka kuma-insecticides othintana nawo, iKarfobos ingahlukaniswa. Ukulungiselela ikhambi, ama-75 g ento ahlanganiswe emanzini ayi-10, alandelwe ukufafaza. Ukusetshenziswa ngesihlahla ngasinye kuvela 2 kuya ku-5 amalitha, kuye ngosayizi womqhele. Izidakamizwa ze-Stronger zifaka i-Actelik neBankol. Isixazululo esisebenzayo esivela kumenzeli wokuqala silungiswa ngokufaka i-2 ml yento kule 2 l yamanzi. Esihlahleni esisodwa sebenzisa kusuka 2 kuya ku-5 amalitha uketshezi. Umuthi wesibili uhlanjululwe ngenani le-5-7 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Lapho ufafaza sebenzisa amalitha ayishumi esisombululo endaweni eyi-100 m² yendawo.
Kuma-insecticides e-systemic yokulawula ama-aphid, i-Aktaru neBiotlin ingasetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mishanguzo ingena ezitshalweni, kanye nezithelo, futhi ikhishwa kubo isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zithathwa njengezingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu.
Umkhaza oyinyongo
Lesi sinambuzane sincane kakhulu futhi sifinyelela kuphela ku-0,18 mm ubude. Umbala wesinambuzane umhlophe; ekwindla ushintsha ube pink noma onsundu. Ukuvela kwethikini ephawini kukhonjiswa ngophuzi-onsundu, bese kuba mnyama ukuvuvukala okuncane, kwesinye isikhathi okubonakala njengamaqhubu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenkathazo eshidini, uqala ukuncela ujusi kuyo. Kumaqabunga anjalo, inqubo ye-photosynthesis iyaphazamiseka, isihlahla siba buthaka. Ngenqwaba yemikhaza, izithelo zikhula ngosayizi omncane.

Ukudunwa kwamaqabunga epheya kukhombisa ukuvela kwesigaxa senyongo
Ukuze unqande inkathazo, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubheka izindlela zokulima. Enye yazo ukuhlukunyezwa ekwindla, ngenxa yalokho inani labo imikhaza nezibungu zabo kuncishisiwe. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngokugqoka okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinamaminerali, ngenxa yokuthi izakhi zezinambuzane ziba nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuliwe, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze iziqu namagatsha ezihlahla zamathambo ezihlahleni zamagxolo amadala, ususe leyo ndawo ngamahlamvu ngonyaka owedlule, bese usika umqhele njalo. Ukungabikho kokhula engadini kunciphisa nenani lezilokazane.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezinophawu kungenziwa ngamakhemikhali alandelayo: I-Decis, i-Fufanon, i-Inta-Vir, iNitrafen. Ukufafaza ngamachaphaza nalawa ma-ejenti kwenziwa ngokwesikhashana samasonto ama-2. Ungase futhi ubheke izindlela zesintu:
- Ukufakwa kwe-Dandelion kuhlangana kahle nezinambuzane. Ukuyilungiselela, 1 kg yamaqabunga ithululelwa ngamalitha ama-3 amanzi bese igcizelelwa izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho ukufakwa kuyahlungwa bese kufakwa insipho encane yetshezi bese kufafazwa.
- Ukufakwa kwamamashi. Ukuze ulungiselele isixazululo se-100 g sezimbali, uthele 1 litre lamanzi bese ubila. Umhluzi ophumelelayo ufakelwa izinsuku ezingama-5, futhi ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, ufakwa ngamanzi ayi-1: 1.
- Ukufakwa kweziqalo zamazambane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-1 kg yeziqongo eziluhlaza, usike bese uthele amalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele. Faka amahora ama-4, bese uhlunga bese wengeza u-1 tbsp. l insipho ewuketshezi. Ukumnika kudingeka kudliwe kungakapheli usuku.

I-tall yenyongo ephakathi ingalawulwa ngamakhemikhali anjengoDecis
Ukufafaza i-pearl kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa kusihlwa. Kungenzeka ukwenza ukucubungula esimweni sezulu esinamafu, kepha hhayi ngaphambi kokuna kwezulu.
Moth
Inundu elifaka amakhokho lidla izithelo zeparele, futhi amacimbi nawo akhula kuwo. Lapho ipulpiti nembewu konakele, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka, ukubola kwesithelo kuvela, ngenxa yalokho okuwa ngakho. Amabhu amadala yizimvemvane ezihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Indiza esebenzayo iqala ngoJuni kusihlwa, amaqanda abekwa esikhunjeni se-fetus. Ngemuva kokuvela kwesibungu, baququda esikhunjeni, bafinyelela imbewu. Ngaphandle kwamacimbi aya ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Lapho inundu libonakala eliphakathi kwethanga, uginindela nembewu yezithelo iyonakala, okuholela ekuwohlokeni nokubola kwayo
Ukulwa nesibulala zinambuzane, okokuqala, kuyehla ukuthobela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, obufana nezinyathelo zokulwa ne-gall mite. Ngokuqondene nokufakwa kwamapheya, kungenzeka ukufafaza isihlahla nenhlabathi ngesisombululo se-urea, okuyi-700 g yento edilizwa ku-10 l wamanzi. Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, ngoba ukusha kamuva kungenzeka izinso. Ukwelashwa ngesixazululo se-urea kuvumela ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ebusika ngaphansi nangaphansi kwezihlahla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kuzosebenza ekuqaleni kokubekwa kwamaqanda. Emithini leyo, ungasebenzisa i-Bi-58, Ditox, Binom, efafafazwa ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza. Ukucwaninga kwamapheya ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenziwa nge-Agravertin. Phinda inqubo ngokulungiselela okufanayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-19, fafaza ngeKinmix, nenyanga ngemuva kokuqhakaza no Spark.
Ividiyo: Ukufakwa kwethanga entwasahlobo kusuka ezinambuzaneni
Isikimu sokucubungula eliphakathi kwezilokazane
Izinyathelo zokulawula i-pear kufanele zenziwe ngendlela nangesikhathi esifanele. Njengoba umsebenzi wokuvikela oyinhloko uwela esikhathini sentwasahlobo, kufanele ucabangele isikhathi sokuqalisa, izinambuzane nezindlela zokulawula.
Ithebula: isikhathi nesikhathi namalungiselelo wokucubungula izihlahla zamaparele ezinambuzaneni
Iyacubungula isikhathi | Inambuzane | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza | Ama-aphid | I-DNOC 40%, iNitrafen (unamathisela ama-40%), iDitox, iBi-58 |
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga | I-Fozalon, Metaphos | |
Ngesikhathi sokudumba kwezinso | Umkhaza oyinyongo | Nitrafen |
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimbali | Karbofos | |
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza | Leaflet | Nitrafen |
Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza | I-Chlorophos, Fozalon | |
Ngokubukeka kwesinambuzane | I-Multiflorum eliphakathi kwethanga | Karbofos, Fufanon, Kemifos |
Ngemuva kwezimbali | Ithuluzi eliphakathi kwe | I-Decis, iKarbofos, iFufanon, i-Inta Vir |
Amaviki angama-3-4 ngemuva kokuqhakaza | Moth | I-Decis, iKarbofos, iFufanon, i-Inta Vir |
Amalungiselelo wokufafaza lamapheya ezifweni entwasahlobo
Namuhla, kunenqwaba yezidakamizwa ezingasetshenziselwa ukufafaza izihlahla zezithelo ukuze kuliwe nezifo ezithile. Ngezansi kwetafula elixoxa ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile kakhulu, inhloso nokusebenza kwawo.
Ithebula: Ukulungiselela kwe-pearl kwentwasahlobo
Isihloko | Yiziphi izifo | Ungapheka kanjani | Ungasifaka nini isicelo |
Ingxube yeBordeaux 1% | Isikhumba, amabala, i-moniliosis (ukubola kwezithelo), ukugqwala | I-100 g nge-5 l yamanzi | Kufafazwe ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza, bese kuba nokuvama kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15. 6 zokwelapha ezidingekayo |
Ingxube ye-Bordeaux 3% | Scab, amabala, moniliosis | I-100 g nge-1.7 l yamanzi | Kufafazwe ngaphambi kokuqhuma nangesikhathi sembali. Yenza ukwelashwa okungu-1 |
I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Isilonda, ukubala okuhlukahlukene, i-moniliosis, i-phylosticosis, i-desiccation | I-50 g nge-5 amalitha amanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwesihlahla esisodwa esisha (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6) kungamalitha ama-2, kumuntu omdala - kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-10. | Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza |
Isibabule se-Colloidal | Scab, Powdery isikhutha | 40 g nge-5 l yamanzi | Chitha ukucubungula lapho izifo zivela khona emavikini angama-1-2. Izindlela zokwelapha ezi-5 ezidingekayo |
Urea | Scab, amabala, ukushiswa kwezezimali | I-700 g nge-10 amalitha amanzi | Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza |
I-Gentamicin | Ukushiswa kwamagciwane | Amacwecwe ama-1-2 / ama-ampoule ku-5 l wamanzi. Leli nani lanele lezihlahla ezincane ezingama-8-10 | Meyi - Juni |
I-iron sulfate | Lichens, izifo fungal | 500 g nge-10 l lamanzi | Kufafazwe ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa |
Iza maduze | Isigaxa, ukugqwala | 2 ml nge-10 l lamanzi | Ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele, ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza |
Ukukhulisa iparele esakhiweni somuntu siqu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izifo ezithile nezinambuzane zalokhu kwezitshalo kubukeka kanjani. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho izinyathelo ezifanele zingathathwa ngendlela yesikhathi ukuze kusindiswe izitshalo nezihlahla zesikhathi esizayo ekulimaleni.