Izipho zasehlobo zejusi: izici zezinhlobo zasehlobo zamapheya

I-pear iyisithelo se-hypoallergenic esicebile ngama-microelements namavithamini asenesikhathi eside ahlala ezindaweni zabalimi abaningi abanesipiliyoni esibalulekile sokukhula kwezithelo. Okungajwayelekile okumnandi futhi okunamakha, kuncibilika emlonyeni nesicrispy, oily ne-tart - konke kumayelana naye. Izinhlobo zasehlobo zasehlobo zasehlobo nobunzima nokukhula ekuqaleni kwehlobo zikhula emikhayeni efuywayo esifundeni eseningizimu, endaweni ephakathi neRussia, e-Urals naseSiberia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zesiko lezithelo kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe okuhlukahlukene okuzoqalwa impela endaweni yengadi futhi kuzonikeza isivuno esihle minyaka yonke.

Hlobo luni lwezithelo eliphakathi kwe?

Umuthi wezithelo omude onamaqabunga acwebezelayo nezithelo ezimise ngendlela emangalisayo ongeke ukwazi ukudidanisa nezinye izithelo - lokhu kuyiparele. Okhokho balesi sitshalo bajwayele ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esifudumele sase-Continental, bengazethembi futhi bekhiqiza, endle zitholakala emathafeni, emahlathini akhanyayo ngisho nasezigodini zezintaba. Ububanzi bemvelo balesi sithelo sezithelo bugxile ezifundeni zase-East Asia nase-Europe. Lesi sakamuva sihlanganisa i-Asia Minor, iNyakatho Afrika, iMpumalanga kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu futhi siguqula eliphakathi kwaso sibe yisitshalo esiphakathi nendawo, esinamandla futhi esibekezelela isimo sezulu esinomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa okubanda. Uhla lwamapheya asakazwayo lwase-Asia yiChina, Japan, lapho isihlahla samaparele sivele saphenduka umdanso wasendle saba isitshalo esitshaliwe.

Bheka incazelo

Amaqiniso athi izihlahla zezithelo zokuqala zeparele zakhula ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule BC eMedithera. Pear - umuthi omude wezithelo wesikhathi eside, ominyaka yakhe ingafinyelela eminyakeni engama-300; izithelo - iminyaka 50-70. Amaparele asendle anomumo oyindilinga noma oyisidleke se-piramidi, nzalo yamaparele ekhuliswa abafuyi bezithelo itholakala ngesimo sezitshalo zasehlathini, ezine-pyramidal, ezine-piramidi ephakemeyo nemiqhele eyindilinga. Lesi sitshalo singokwesigaba se-dicotyledonous, izimbali, i-rosaceae oda, umndeni wepinki (iRosaceae Juss.), I-pear genus (lat. Pyrus).

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-60 zalezi zihlahla zezithelo kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3,000 emhlabeni, ezihlukile komunye nomunye maqondana nokuvuthwa, izinkomba zekhwalithi zezithelo nobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ukuphakama kwesiqu sifinyelela kumamitha angama-25-30, ububanzi bomqhele kungamamitha ayi-3.5-7. Izihlahla zitholakala phakathi kwabamele uhlobo lwe-Pusus. Iparele lisakazeka ngokuhlanzayo, ngokugoma kanye nembewu, lihlaselwa impova ngosizo lwezinambuzane.

Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezivumelaniswe nezimo zokutshala ezihlukile, iparele likhetha inhlabathi evundile, evulekile. Izihlahla zesihlahla sethanga ziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi emasontweni ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siqala eminyakeni engama-3-4 yempilo yezitshalo.

AmaSerbs abiza iparele ngokuthi i-roommaid - kusuka egameni elithi "phezulu" - "phezulu, phezulu" futhi athandaze ngaphansi kwawo kuNkulunkulu, ethi: "IGroshenka isonto lami."

Ithebula: Izici zezilimo zezolimo

Izimbali z peari ziqoqwa ngesihlangu (kwesobunxele), izithelo zinokukhanya okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okugqinsiwe obukhulu (kwesokudla)

Izici ezihlukanisayo

Izinhlobo zamapheya zasehlobo zibonakaliswa ukubekezelela okukhulu kokuzala kanye nokubekezelela isomiso, kepha zifuna ukugqoka okuphezulu, azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokwelashwa okujwayelekile kokuvikela isivuno.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthwa ehlobo, izitshalo ezinezithelo ezinde ziyahlukaniswa, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zezingane. Ungakwazi ukulijabulela leli peya kusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ama-nzalo amaningi ahluka ngobukhulu nangemidwebo yezithelo - ihlobo leBashkir elihanjiswe ngaphezudlwana kanye nethanga lezithelo ezipinki uRudyanaya Kedrina. Izilwane ezifuywayo phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zanamuhla - Cathedhe neLada - ziyamelana necabha futhi empeleni azikhuli.

NgeKuyaqapheleka ukuthi phakathi kwamapheya avuthwa ehlobo, kunezithelo eziningi eziphakathi nendawo, nezihlahla eziphansi (ngokwesibonelo, ihlobo laseDuchess, iBere Ardanpon, ukuphakama kwasekuseni), ukukhula kuqala - ukuqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-3-4.

Izinhlobo ze-pearl zasehlobo zinezici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:

• ngokuya ngensimu yokusatshalaliswa, atshalwa eningizimu, ezifundeni ezishisayo nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho;
• ukuzilimaza, okunengxenye ngokwengxenye futhi okuvundile;
• ngesimo nokunambitheka kwezithelo (eziyindilinga no-oval; omuncu, okumnandi nethaphu);
• ukuqala futhi kuthele izithelo emva kweminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu;
• ngohlobo lomqhele (iphiramidi futhi luyindilinga) nokukhula kwesihlahla;

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Izinhlobo eziningi zasehlobo zinengqondo. Izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa ngaphambi kwezinye izithelo zamatshe engadini. Ngakho-ke, ithini lamapheya luhlobo lokuqala lwezithelo etafuleni lasehlobo elikhule engadini yakho. Ekuphakameni kwenkathi yehlobo, ungazijabulisa wena nabathandekayo ngezikhonkwane zokuqala ezivuthiwe ngaphandle kokulinda iqhwa lekwindla (njengoba kwenzeka ngezinhlobo zakamuva zalolu hlobo).

Okubi kokuqala kwamapheya ehlobo okuvuthiwe kufaka impilo yeshelufushane yezithelo ezivuthiwe - inyama yamapheya enjalo isheshe ivele, ifane "namazambane abhakwe", bese iba mnyama. Amapharele aqoqiwe anconyiwe ukuba agcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni kuka +3 +7 ° C. NgoJulayi nango-Agasti ithanga liqala ukuwohloka ngemuva kwesonto, kepha lifiswa ukuze ligcinwe futhi licutshungulwe ezomile. Enye minus yezinhlobo zasehlobo - izithombo zezinhlobo ezinjalo nzalo ezibiza kakhulu kunezentwasahlobo kanye nezinhlobo sekwephuzile. Abafuyi bazibonele isikhathi eside - abalimi bayakwazisa futhi bathande izithelo zokuqala ezivuthiwe, kufaka phakathi namapheya.

Abamele abaphambili bezinhlobo zasehlobo ezinencazelo nesimilo

Izinhlobo zamapheya ehlobo zihlukaniswe zaba ngamaqembu amathathu ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuzala:

1. Ehlobo yokuqala.
2. Ihlobo.
3. Ehlobo ehlobo.

Izinhlobo zokuqala zasehlobo zivuthwa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, nzalo zasehlobo zivuthwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Futhi ithini lamapheya ehlobo sekade linikeza isivuno esikhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, kwesinye isikhathi ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Phakathi kwamapharele ehlobo, iningi likhona jikelele - lilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokugcinwa nokulungiswa (ukomisa, ukomisa, ukwenza isiraphu). Ngezansi kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zamapheya, ezifuywe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi ezitshalwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zezwe lethu nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Isivuno sokuqala esisuka ku-nzalo enjalo sitholakala ngoJulayi 5 kuya ku-20.

• Ihlobo laseBashkir livuthwa kuqala (eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi), liqala ukuzala ngonyaka we-6. Izithelo ezimiswe kahle zinambitheke ngesinongo azidluli ngaphezu kwe-100 g, naphezu kwenyama evulekile, zigcinwa kuze kube amasonto amabili; izinhlobonhlobo zikhethekile. Ukumelana kakhulu nokubola nesibazi, kuvame ukuvuthwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ukukhiqiza kungu-9-16 t / g, eliphakathi nendawo liyazala.
  

  EBashkir ihlobo likhula esifundeni saseVolga nase-Urals
• Iminyaka yokuqala yonyaka kaJulayi-10 kuJulayi kuya kuJulayi 15, kuyaqhakanjiswa ukubekezelela isitshalo ngesomiso. Lesi sihlahla sinesivuno esikhulu, sibekezelela ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga enkabeni yeRussia, i-Kuban neNingizimu, amathanga angavamile ukubuna futhi agcinwa izinsuku ezingafika kwezi-10. Ingena izithelo ngonyaka we-6, ngokwayo izala. Enye yemizuzu yalokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuthi izithelo ezinamanzi ezinamapulangwe amhlophe qhwa ngokuvamile ziba zincane kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-180-200 kg / ha). Umuthi awuvamile ukuthambekela ekulimazeni umonakalo.
  

  Izithelo zikaJulayi ekuqaleni azizikhulu kakhulu, kepha zimnandi futhi zinamakha.

• Izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-Early Sergeev zinganambitheka ekuqaleni kukaJulayi - amapheya anenyama emhlophe enamafutha kanye nobumuncu obumnandi agcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Usayizi ophakathi nendawo owatholakala ngokuwela iBere Giffard nePanna; iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-6-7, kepha ayifani ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu (75 c / ha), izithelo zivuthwa ngoJulayi 5-10 futhi zigcinwa isonto lonke. Inokungazinzi kokuqina kokugobeka futhi kudinga impova eyengeziwe ukukhulisa umkhiqizo.
  

  Ukuqala kweSergeeva rekdo kuthinteka yisibazi nokubola kwamagciwane

• Maphakathi noJulayi, eCentral Russia nasesifundeni saseVolga, kutholakala iziqongo zezingane ezivuthwa ngezithelo ezincane eziphuzi (60-70 g) ezinambitheka omnandi, omnandi; i-dessert hybrid ilungile; ngokwengxenye ezisebenzisayo, umakhelwane wezinhlobonhlobo zempova uzonyusa isivuno. Ubusika bunzima Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala futhi zingathinteki kakhulu ezifweni fungal. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-50 kg / ha.
  

  Ipulpiki ebunjiwe kahle ye-Juicy iyimpawu yezinhlobonhlobo zezingane
• Abazali bezinhlobonhlobo zaseMoldavian zokuzalela ezixubile nguWillies kanye noLyubimitsa Klappa osezingeni eliphezulu, ojwayelekile emizini esehlobo yasekhaya. Le pearl ngokwayo iyazala. Umuthi omude uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-3-4, izithelo zokuqala (ezinesisindo esingafika ku-150 g) enenyama emnandi, evulekile nephunga elimnandi livela maphakathi no-Julayi - izinhlobonhlobo zensangu. Ukukhiqiza esihlahleni esisodwa kufinyelela ku-75 kg.
  

  Izithelo ze-Moldavian yokuqala eyi-hybrid yokuqala isilungele ukuvunwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti

Ithebula: Ezinye Izinhlobonhlobo Zasekuqaleni kwehlobo Pear

Amapere ehlobo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo okuvuthiwe okuvela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, kwabelwa iqembu elihlukile. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zasehlobo zasehlobo ezifuywayo ezakhiweni ezifuywayo, ezibonakala ngokugomela okuphezulu kanye nesivuno esinokufikelwa, zivezwe ngezansi.

• IHybrid ekuqaleni kwehlobo i-Bred S.P. UKedrin ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule (Berergot Volga and Williams). Esihlahleni eside esinomqhele omncane we-pyramidal, kukhula izithelo eziphakathi nendawo (80-150 g). Amapharele amnandi futhi amuncu nge-pulp ephuzi evuthiwe eshumini sokuqala sika-Agasti, agcinwe ngemuva kokuvunwa kuze kufike amasonto amabili. Ukukhiqiza esihlahleni sabadala (iminyaka eyi-10) kufinyelela ku-120 kg. Ukuphikiswa kwe-Scab kuphakathi. Ukungena kwesikhathi kwesizini yezithelo (ngonyaka we-9) ukuphela kwendlela yezinhlobonhlobo.
  

  Izithelo zokuqala zehlobo lasekuqaleni zilungele ukuqulwa kwecala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi

• Kuhlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Esperin ne-Gliva, abafuyi bezithelo base-Ukraine bathola i-hybrid yasehlobo lika-Agasti - Mliyevskaya ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Umuthi osayizi ophakathi nendawo onezithelo eziningi uvame ukutholakala e-Ukraine naseningizimu yeRussia, eLatvia. Kuzithelo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (90-150 g), inyama inombala okhilimu, uhhafu onamafutha, imnandi. Amapharele alesi sikhathi esihlanganisiwe ebusika aqinile agcinwa endaweni epholile izinyanga ezingaba zimbili. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokwanda kokungavikeleki komdlavuza webacteria futhi kubhekwa njengokuzimela okuthile.
  

  IMliyevskaya kusenesikhathi igcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu - ifinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-2

• Izihlahla ezinde zasehlobo lwe-Oryol zizothokozisa umlimi ngesivuno sokuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo ezisindayo, ezinoshukela (180-250 g) zigcina ukufakwa okusha kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Leli peya alifunwa ezimweni zezulu futhi litshalwa ngempumelelo eSifundazweni Esimnyama Somhlaba naseNyakatho Ntshonalanga YaseRussia. Umuthi ubonakala ngokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kokuqala (amapheya okuqala akunyaka we-3-4), kepha unesikhathi esifushane sokusebenzisa amasonto angama-2-3. Ikhiqiza amandla afinyelela ku-127 kg / ha, otshalwe eduze kwamapheya wokupholisa impova ukukhulisa umkhiqizo.
  

  Kuphela isonto kuphela eligcina ukunambitheka kanye nokutsha kwe-Oryol
• I-Sredneroslaya Lada ihlanganisa izici zokuziphatha ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili - Ubuhle behlathi ne-Olga. I-hybrid iyazithela ngokwengxenye (ama-pollinators - i-Rogneda, iChizhovskaya) futhi ngonyaka we-3-4 vele ikuvumela ukuthi uzame isivuno sokuqala. Amapharele (i-120-140 g) enamafutha, i-pulp ephuzi ibe nephunga elibuthakathaka, elingakhubeki, kepha ligcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10, egumbini elipholile - kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-60. Ukungavikeleki kwezifo kuvamile, ubusika be-hardness buphakeme. Ngonyaka we-5, ukuvuna kungama-140 kg / ha.
  

  I-Lada ehlukahlukene imelana nezimo zezemvelo nezifo

• EBelarus, e-Ukraine naseTranscaucasia, izinhlobonhlobo zeLyubimitsa Klappa zidlangile ngezithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zincibilika emlonyeni (70-110 g) - inhlobonhlobo yedessert futhi ehamba phambili ngokusetshenziswa okusha. Le hybrid ephakathi, izithelo zokuqala zayo ezenzeka ngonyaka we-8. Isivuno sesivuthiwe sokuvunwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti; ithini lamapheya ligcinwa izinsuku ezingama-7-10, njengoba zivame ukuthambisa futhi ziphelelwe ukunambitheka. Isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso futhi esingavezwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi sinokungazethezeki okuqinile futhi siyazenzela. Ukukhiqiza kuze kufike ku-300 kg / ha.
  

  Umdanso kaKlapp - ulinyazwa yi-tinker, kepha uhlala eyisidina ngenxa yobumnandi kanye nokuntuleka kwe-astringency

• IMichurina yasebusika kanye ne-Forest ubuhle luhlobo lwethanga leMarble elinobukhulu (kufika ku-200 g), izithelo zewolintshi nokunoshukela omnandi, inyama encibilika emlonyeni wakho (izinhlobonhlobo zama-dessert). Ivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izithelo zihlala amasonto amane. Ukungavikeleki kuphezulu, ubusika buqinile buthakathaka; Izidingo ezikhulayo ze-hydration nokugqoka okuphezulu. Izithelo zokuqala zikunyaka we-6-7; izinhlobonhlobo azitheleli ngokwengxenye. Esihlahleni sinye uqoqe kuze kufike ku-40 kg wezithelo.
  

  Izithelo ezivuthiwe zeMarble zinganambitha ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti
• Amazolo wango-Agasti uhlobo lukhuni ebusika futhi oluvimbela izifo, olukhula ngokushesha, oludinga izinhlobo ezengeziwe zokuvota.Amapheya avuthwe ngo-Agasti, agcinwe izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Izinhlobonhlobo kusaqala. Izithelo ezinenyama emhlophe, emuncu (isisindo esijwayelekile - 120-150 g) zifakwa kuma-compotes bese zenza ujamu. Ukukhiqiza kuze kufike ku-200 kg / ha. Ububi be-pey hybrid akuyona ukufana kwesithelo.
  

  I-pollinator enhle kakhulu ka-Agasti amazolo - ahlukahlukene we-Memory Yakovlev

• Esihlahleni eside, amasimu weSibiryachka akhula amancane (40-60 g), amnandi futhi amuncu, izithelo ze-tart ngokunambitheka kwe-Mediocre (ibanga lobuchwepheshe lokucubungula), ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Impilo yeshelu izinsuku ezingama-20. Isenyakatho inakho ukuzala ngokwayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha zibonakaliswa yi-hardness yasebusika ephezulu. Ukukhiqiza 160-180 kg / ha.
  

  Izithelo ezincane uSibiryachki usetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa nokomiswa

Engadini yami encane esihlabathini, kukhula amapharele amabili, iplamu ezimbili nesipinashi esine-spin, angisenamandla okutshala noma yini. Eminyakeni emibili edlule ngathola amazolo ka-Agasti, nginethemba lokuzala nokuqina kobusika, ngaphezu kwalokho - iMarble, okufanele ivundise i-hybrid yokuqala. Kuqhakaze kakhulu, kepha “izingcezu” ezinhle kakhulu zindiza ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, kusuka kuma-ovari akukho mafutha ashiywe. Kule minyaka emibili, izihlahla sezikhulile futhi zaqina. Ngingathanda ukubona isivuno okungenani kulo nyaka. Umbono wami ukuthi izimbali ziyaqandeka noma izihlahla azinawo umswakama owenele emhlabathini wesihlabathi (yize ziniselwa njalo). Okuzokwenzeka ngokulandelayo ngethanga "elithembisayo" lasehlobo - isikhathi sizotshela.

Ithebula: Ezinye izinhlobo zehlobo eliphakathi kwehlobo

Ividiyo: izinhlobo zehlobo eliphakathi kwehlobo

Izinhlobo ezijabulisa kakhulu zasehlobo-sekwephuzile kwehlobo zihlukaniswa, ezihlukaniswa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ukuzikhethela kanye nokumelana nezifo zokukhunta:

• Ihlobo Rossoshanskaya ekuqaleni kuwumphumela wesiphambano seRossoshanskaya muhle futhi neMabula. Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene okuphathelene nokufutheka, okunokhilimu okuncibilikayo emlonyeni kuhamba kahle ekusebenzeni kokushisa. Isisindo esiphakathi kwamapheya yi-120-180 g. I-Rossoshanskaya kusenesikhathi ingagcinwa izinsuku ezingama-30, izithelo zayo zingajatshulelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga - azikhukhumeki futhi azonakalisi, kepha le hybrid empeleni ayihambelani neqhwa. Izinhlobonhlobo azithinteki yisibazi. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-130 kg / ha.
  

  Hybrid yasekuqaleni Rossoshanskaya ekuqaleni kwesitolo kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-30
• Iparele yase-Astrakhan yokuqala yatshalwa okokuqala esifundeni saseLower Volga. Ezinkulu impela (kuze kufinyelele ku-400 g), izithelo ezihambisanayo zinokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuyinyama enamafutha kanye nokulandela ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithela, zivuthwa eshumini lesithathu sika-Agasti futhi zigcinwa izinsuku ezingafika kwezi-10. Ukuqala kwe-Astrakhan kungokwamadenenariyenti (athela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka engama-80) futhi kuyanconywa ukumelana nesithwathwa. Yize le hybrid eqinile ingazinzile ukugoba futhi ithela kuphela izithelo ngonyaka we-10, isivuno sikhuphukela ku-120 kg / ha.
  

  I-Astrakhan kusenesikhathi - ubude be-pear

• U-Augustinka - uhlanganisa izinhlobo uRouge Berkut kanye no-Yakovleva's Favorite. I-hybrid ihlukaniswa yizithelo ezinkulu, ezi-orange-aphuzi (200-400 g) enenyama ethambile nenamafutha enephunga le-nutmeg (ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nama-dessert). Abavuni abahle kakhulu bayintandokazi kaKlappa, Williams, Petrovskaya, uLele. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingamelana nezifo zokukhunta zitshalwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe. Ukuthatha izithelo ngonyaka we-5, isikhathi sokuvuthwa ukuqala kuka-Agasti. I-hybrid enezithelo eziphezulu - sukuma ufike kuma-400 kg / ha.
  

  Izinhlobo ezithandekayo zabalimi enkabeni yeRussia - u-Augustinka

• Ihlobo laseChizhovskaya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo (i-Olga + Forest Beauty) likhula lifinyelela kumamitha amane futhi liqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-3; Izithelo ezinokhilimu ophuzi ezine-rose rose zinesisindo esingama-150 g, inyama iyakhululeka, imnandi; izinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba ezifanele ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa okusha. I-hybrid iyazithela ngokwengxenye; i-Lada neSeveryanka zilungele impova eyengeziwe. Iparele likhula ngokushesha, umkhiqizo - ama-50 kg esihlahleni esisodwa esineminyaka emihlanu. I-hardness yasebusika nokungaziguli kwezifo kuphezulu.
  

  Agasti Chizhovskaya hybrid ibonakala ngokwanda ukungatheleleki kwezifo

Ithebula: Ezinye izinhlobo zasehlobo zehlobo sekwephuzile

Izinhlobo ze-pearl zasehlobo zaseRussia Ephakathi

Ifinyelela ukukhanya nokushisa, leli pearl lizizwa limnandi endaweni yeCentral Black Earth Region, esifundeni seVolga. Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zeMichurinsky selokhu zasuka ezingxenyeni zezingadi zaseVoronezh, esifundeni saseKaluga, esifundeni saseBryansk. Lapha, izithombo zeBere neMichurinsky nzalo ziyathandwa (ekuqaleni kukaRossoshanskaya, uJulayi nabanye); amapharele anzima ebusika banamuhla - iLada, Chizhovskaya, Cathedral, ubuhle beRossoshanskaya; universal - Skoropelka, Kuyabonakala.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zasehlobo zamapheya eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yezwe lethu

Esifundeni saseMoscow nesifunda seLeningrad izinhlobo ezifanele zamapheya ezinamazinga aphezulu okumelana nesithwathwa, ongazithobi, osakhula ngokushesha futhi omelana nezifo. Phakathi kweningi lama-nzalo ezihlangene ahlangabezana nalezi zidingo, izinhlobo ezaziwayo iBergamot ehlobo, iMarble, iVidnaya, amazolo ka-Augustow, iRossoshanskaya ziyahlukaniswa. Kusondele ukuvela kamuva nje - uLele, uSkorospelka, uDebutante.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo zethanga ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia

ECrimea, ogwini olufudumele lweKrasnodar Territory, esifundeni saseRostov, zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamapheya ehlobo zikhulile. Okuvelele, u-Olenek, uRogneda, uLyra, amazolo ka-Agasti, u-Allegro uvuthwe ngaphambi kukaSepthemba. Isilinganiso esanele somswakama kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele sinomphumela omuhle kwizinhlobo zasehlobo zaseChizhovskaya, Rovesnitsa, Bryansk ubuhle - bayakwazi ukususa isivuno esifanelekile samapheya amnandi, amnandi esihlahleni ngasinye.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo zamapheya eSiberia nase-Urals

Ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima nezimo sezulu ezingathathi hlangothi nezingahlali isikhathi sangaphambi kwesizini, abafuyi bezindawo baveze izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya, kufaka phakathi uMvelisi Omude, iKhathedrali elimnandi, i-super yokuqala ye-Lel neLada. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa kakhulu ngabalimi bendawo i-Permyachka, iSeveryanka ne-Gvidon, i-Tarisa evuthiwe yokuqala neVeselinka ese-pink, uhlangothi lweSouth Ural Krasulya, izinhlobo zakudala zikaJulayi ekuqaleni, eChizhovskaya.

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zamapheya ehlobo e-Ukraine

Ngokwesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomswakama nehlobo elomile lase-Ukraine, izinhlobo zokuqala zasePetrovskaya, Cathedral, Mashuk zihamba phambili. Ama-Hybrids Astrakhan ekuqaleni, Olenek, Rogneda; ebangeni lobuchwepheshe Allegro. I-Veselinka enezithelo ezincane ne-Starkrimson ehlukahlukene enenyama encibilikayo nephunga elipholile nazo ziyathandwa.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo zamapheya eBelarus

Ama-hybrids ajwayelekile kakhulu e-Belarus yiKudesnitsa, iRossoshanskaya, iBashkirskaya ihlolwe amashumi eminyaka ekuqaleni. Ukuvunwa okuhle kunikezwa iChizhovskaya, iRogneda, iSeveryanka, egxila kahle esifundeni sezulu esinomswakama esishisayo saseBelarus. Okujabulisayo, Okuphambili, iMarble, uAugustine, uLele - lezi yizinhlobo ezintsha ezethembisa ukunqoba umhlaba waseBelarusian.

Izici zokutshala ithini lamapheya

Lapho ukhetha indawo yokubeka iparele, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi sihlahla siyizithombe eziningi (inketho ekahle iseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu), ayithandi ukulungiswa futhi ihlala ihlangabezana nokuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini. Kungcono ukutshala eliphakathi kwe ndawo endaweni ephakeme enesixazululo somhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi noma onama-asidi (pH 6.2 - 6.6) kanye nendawo eyi-humus enobukhulu obungu-20 cm, onomshini womoya (okhululekayo, "ophefumulayo" wenhlabathi), enhlabathini enesihlabathi exutshaniswe nomthamo kanye chernozem. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-pearl ukuphela kuka-Mashi - ukuqala kuka-Ephreli (esigabeni "sokulala kwezinso").

1. Amapayipi ambiwa ngobubanzi bamamitha ayi-0.7 kuya ku-1,2 kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-60 - 70.
   

   Umgodi wokutshala eliphakathi kwembiwa kuze kufike ku-70 cm

2. Inhlabathi yokugcwalisa izimbobo yakhiwa kusuka kungqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi exutshwe nomquba obolile (6 kg), umquba (7-10 kg), ohambisana nomanyolo wamaminerali ngesilinganiso se-100 g / m² i-superphosphate, 1 kg yomlotha wezinkuni no-40 g / m² usawoti we-potassium.
   

   Ingxube yenhlabathi yokugcwalisa isikhala sezimpande yacetshiswa ngamaminerali ne-organic

3. Isitshalo sibekwa emgodini wokutshala ukuze intamo yezimpande ingama-3-5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi (ngenxa yokuncipha kwenhlabathi.
   

   Isikimu sokutshala izithombo zethanga

4. Izimpande zimbozwe ngobumnene ngengxube yomhlabathi egcwalisiwe ne-turf, kunyakazisa izinqubo zezimpande zoxhaka lwe-clugs lomhlaba. Ingaphezulu lomgodi linyathelwa kancane.
   

   Isikhala sezimpande sinyathelwa kancane
5. Umuthi uniselwa kakhulu (amalitha angama-20- 40 wamanzi), umbuthano wesiqu ufakiwe (ngotshani, sawdust).
   

   Izithombo ezisencane zamapheya ziniselwa kakhulu ngemuva kokutshala

Izithombo zamaparele ezineminyaka emibili ubudala ezinamagatsha aguquguqukayo kanye nomqhele oqinile onamahlumela athuthuke kahle we-3-5 kufanelekile Uhlelo olwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe olunezinqubo ezimpande ezimanzi, ezimanzi luwuphawu lwesitshalo esinempilo, esigcwele izithombo.

Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, umbuthano wesiqu kufanele ube ngu-1 m ubukhulu, 1.5-1.7 m eminyakeni engu-6 elandelayo, kanye nama-2-2,5 m eneminyaka engama-8-10.

Ividiyo: kanjani ukutshala eliphakathi kwe

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi yombuthano oseduze iyakhululwa ibe ngu-15-20 cm, bese ukhula luyasuswa bese lukhula ukhula njalo ngenyanga kuze kube ekwindla. Ukunakekelwa kwethanga ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. ukuthambisa ejwayelekile;
2. izihlahla zokuhlanzeka;
3. isicelo somanyolo;
4. Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela izitshalo ezifweni fungal kanye nezinambuzane.

Ukunisela

Ukujula kwenhlabathi kumele okungenani kube ngama-80 cm. I-pear iniselwa kakhulu (amabhakede angama-15-30 - kuya ngeminyaka yesitshalo), kepha incane (isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini amabili). Ukunisela okungaphezulu kuyadingeka ngoJuni - Julayi, lapho izithelo zithululelwa.

Isicelo somanyolo

Umanyolo we pear wethulwa ekwindla ngokufaka ama-grooves ayindilinga angama-50 cm, wenziwe ngokuzungeza umqhele, noma emiseleni. I-nitrogen idla kuphela entwasahlobo uma igaya ngesikhathi sokukhula kwentuthuko. IPhosphorus ne-potassium (kuze kufike ku-150 g) kanye ne-organic udaba (cishe ama-20-30 kg) kusetshenziswa njalo eminyakeni engama-3-5 - konke kuya ngesimo senhlabathi.

Ukhuphula ukuqina kobusika futhi uvuse ukukhula, isihlahla selashwa kabili entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngo-1% urea solution. Ukuvikela amagxolo, amagatsha weparesi kanye nesiqu kumhlophe kwenziwe mhlophe nge lime lapho kusentwasahlobo.

Amapheya amhlophe - ukuvikela isihlahla ezifweni fungal

Ukuthena kwethanga nokubumba

Ukwakheka kwethanga kuhloselwe kakhulu ukudala amahlumela amafushane, kanye namagatsha amade, ikakhulukazi iminyaka engu-2-3. Njalo entwasahlobo, ukugawulwa komqhele wokuhlanzeka kwenziwa - ihlazo ezilimele, ezomile, ezibolile zisikwa nge-secateurs ebukhali.

Ukuze unciphise izinga lokukhula kwamahlumela amancane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ingcosana yenziwa - ngenxa yalokhu, amaphuzu wokukhula we-1-2 ashiywe, amagatsha asele ayasuswa.

Ingxenye ephezulu yomqhele ihlala i-slimmer kune-tier ephansi. Ngenqubo yokwakha amagatsha awugqinsi, ikhulisa ingxenye engezansi yomqhele, inqunywe. Lokhu kwakha isihla sokuqala somqhele, kuvuse ukukhula kwamanye amagatsha. Ukhula minyaka yonke ne-apical young buddle esihlahleni, amagatsha amadala kuneminyaka engu-4 ayasuswa. Maphakathi nomqhele, amagatsha aneminyaka emibili no-3 asele, lapho kwakheka khona izithelo. Uma isethi yezithelo inkulu kakhulu, amanye amaqanda ancishisiwe, lokhu kuthinta ikhwalithi nosayizi wesitshalo esizayo.

Ukwakheka kwe-pear: i-sparse-tiered (kwesobunxele) futhi ikhula ngokukhululekile (kwesokudla)

Ukuvuselela ukukhula kwezithelo ezintsha zezithelo, amahlumela weparesi ayagoba futhi ashiywe ukuze akhule esimeni esithe xaxa. Imvamisa inzalo yamaparele angaphansi kwendlala ibekwa kuma-trellises wensimbi.

Ukuqiniswa kwegatsha

Ukhuni oluthambile olubuthakathaka lwamapheya amancane ludinga ukwakheka kokusekelwa, futhi ngesivuno esiningi, ukuvikelwa kwezithelo ezivela ekuphepheni komoya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinkuni ezisindayo zisekela amamitha angama-2-4 ubude, uwafake engela esiqwini. Enye indlela yokunamathiselwa yi-wire. Ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza amagxolo nezithelo, gobela amagatsha enkabeni yesiqu, uwathole ngocingo phakathi kwawo nesiqu.

Ukuqiniswa okuphephile kwamagatsha ezithelo zeparele

Ukuvuna

Uma izithelo zeparele zingaqoqwanga ngesikhathi, zingakhubazeka, zibambe ngaphezulu, ukunambitheka kuzoncipha, impilo yeshalofu yezithelo izoncishiswa. Isikhathi sesikhathi esikhiphekayo siyahluka kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-14.

Kukhona izithelo ezihlukayo nezisuswayo zabathengi bezithelo, zombili izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zasehlobo zivela ngoJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti (ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba). Esimweni sokuqala, izithelo sezikulungele ukusetshenziswa (ngesikhathi) maqondana nokufakwa kombala okuphezulu kwesikhumba kanye nokufinyeleleka kwe-pulp yobumnandi kanye ne-juiciness ne-dicity edingekayo. Ukuvuthwa komthengi kwenzeka lapho kuvela ukunambitheka nephunga elivelayo, noma ngabe isithelo singavuthiwe futhi isivuno singakafiki.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ngokungafani nezithelo eziningi zamatshe, i-pearl ayidingi ukuvikelwa okunamandla ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezifo. Izifo eziphambili ezivame ukuthinta izitshalo yi-scab, bacteriosis ne-tinnitus. Izindlela zokulawula eziphumelela kakhulu kubhekwa njengokufafazwa kokuvinjelwa kwamahlumela, isiqu kanye nesiyingi sombambo wepareji izikhathi ezi-2 ka-2 ngesizini ngama-insecticides anamuhla kanye nama-fungicides (ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo).

Ithebula: Isifo sethanga

Isikali (kwesobunxele) kanye ne-moniliosis (kwesokudla) kuthinta izithelo zeparele

Ngokucubungula okufika ngesikhathi, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela wepende avuselelwa phakathi nenkathi yehlobo.

I-Powdery mildew (kwesobunxele) nokugqwala (kwesokudla) ukuthelela amahlumela namaqabunga

Izilokazana ezijwayelekile kakhulu zepareyi imikhaza, amabhu, ama-aphid, ama-mid gall midges. Abanye bathinta amahlamvu namahlumela, abanye bacekela phansi isivuno.

Izithelo namaqabunga epheya zilinyazwa ama-aphid (kwesobunxele) nenundu butterve (kwesokudla)

Isebenza kakhulu ekuphatheni izinambuzane:

1. hlanza ngesikhathi indawo yamahlamvu kanye namagatsha owomile;
2. fafaza izitshalo ezine-biological tata (i-Decis) nezinambuzane zokuxhumana (i-Zolon, Karbofos, Spark)

Imakethe yaseRussia inokhetho olukhulu lwezidakamizwa okuhloswe ngalo ukulawula izinambuzane futhi kuqedwe imithombo eyinhloko yokutheleleka kwezifo zeparele.

Ukubuyekezwa

Ukusuka ezinhlotsheni zasehlobo zikhula: ILada, iChizhovskaya, iSkorospelka yaseMichurinsk, eSeveryanka, eCathedral. Kusuka ekwindla: ubuhle baseRussia, i-Autumn Yakovleva. Okutshalwe kamuva nje futhi kungatheli izithelo: Sverdlovchanka, Nursery. Zonke izinhlobo zasehlobo zigcinwa kabi. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa singamaviki ama-2. I-Lada iyaphela lapho isivuthiwe, itshale izinhlobonhlobo zekwindla, zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Futhi kunzima ukukhetha ukunambitha. Ngokufanele, kufanele uhambe uyozama ngokwakho, bese uthatha Isiqu kulesi sihlahla.

Imbali

//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/kakoy_sort_grushi_posovetuete.html

Ngithanda izinhlobo ezinamabala. Ungakubekezelela lokhu. Ukube nje bebengenawo omuncu, njengoLukashevka (nzalo enezinhlobo zasendle zaseMpumalanga Ekude). Futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo, ukunambitha okumnandi nokunamakha, njengaseningizimu, kukhethiwe kwabazalisi be-Ural. Manje eziningi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyaqulwa. Izinhlobo eziningi sezivele zivutha. Ngizoklelisa zonke izinhlobo ezisifanele ubulukhuni busika, ukukhiqiza nokunambitha. Hhayi ukuzala kwe-Ural kuphela. Futhi lezo esizibonayo, futhi siyazithanda. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntuleka okungcono? Kungenzeka kube njalo. U-Agasti amazolo, i-birch e-Yellow, uValentine, uCentury, uVeles, oDumile, uKarataevskaya, uKhatholika, uKrasely, Obomvu, uKupava, uLada, uLarinskaya, uLele, uLeningrad wasekuqaleni, uLyubava, Inganekwane, iTenderness, i-Otradnenskaya, ekukhumbuleni iZhegalov, Perun, Permyachka I-Severyanka, i-Severyanka Chelyabinsk, i-Severyanka ibekwa ngophakathi, i-Fairytale, iSomova. ISiberia, Taiga, Tarisa, Chizhovskaya.

Alexander Kuznetsov

//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1161

Hhayi nje Lada. Uhlobo olubi, udumele kakhulu kuye. Izinkinga: 1. Imvamisa yokwenza izithelo (unyaka / unyaka) 2. Kukho konke enginakho - ukunqotshwa okukhulu kunakho konke. 3. Izithelo zincane, khetha futhi udle ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinsuku ezimbalwa nje angizange ngibe nesikhathi - sekuvele akunakwenzeka - baba njengoboya bezintambo obungenambethe. 4. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo - -njalo-ke, okwe-amateur. AKUKHO UKUKHANYA KABI! Nginayo neChizhovsky neMemory Yakovlev - ngazo zonke izindlela i-oda lobukhulu elingcono.

Billi boi

//forum.guns.ru/forummessage/89/1665352.html

Izintandokazi - Izinhlobo zehlobo zaseBergamot. Cishe iminyaka eyishumi ayizange ithele izithelo nhlobo, futhi njengoba kwakukhona umhlaba omningi, asizange siyithinte. Kepha kwathi lapho iBergamot inika isivuno esincane, ngabona ngamapere asevele esevuthiwe ... ngaphambi kokuthi unganaki lesi sihlahla! Ukunambitheka okunje, iphunga nobumnandi bethanga angikaze ngizame kwenye indawo. Isifunda saseVoronezh, i-Ertil chernozem.

ehpebitor

//forum.guns.ru/forummessage/89/1665352.html

Kuwo wonke umlando wesayithi lethu, futhi lokhu kungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25, sizamile ukukhulisa amaparele. Umhlabathi wethu unesihlabathi, amakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka eMoscow uye eningizimu-ntshonalanga. I-pears ephumelele kakhulu yaphenduka i-Summer Lada, eyokuqala engagcinwanga. Uvuthwa ngo-Agasti. Izithelo minyaka yonke, ngokuvamile zonke zimbozwe ngamapheya. Sisabalalisa, sipheka ujamu kusuka kumapheya wonke, i-compote.

tak1956

//7dach.ru/MaxNokia/grushi-v-podmoskove-prakticheski-ne-rastut-boleyut-vse-pereproboval-tolku-net-chto-posovetuete-50763.html

NginoLada noChizhovskaya isikhathi eside. Bathela izithelo kahle, kukhona imbewu eChizhovskaya. Kepha ukulala phansi ... Ngisho nalabo abangavuthiwe impela esiqandisini baqamba amanga, abamnyama abaphakathi, baba ngothambile, bangabi nalutho. Kepha futhi lokhu kuyizimfundamakhwela. Omunye uyathanda. Uma zihlala esihlahleni, azilinganiswa ... Futhi kuthiwani ebusika? Akukacaci futhi ukuthi kungani zibanda endaweni ethile, futhi lapho kungenjalo.

arinka

//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?f=210&t=590&sid=5f31f27794b77549b69fe35b2e62e25e&start=45

Abalimi abanesineke futhi abanakekelayo batshala izinhlobo zamaparele nje kuphela esakhiweni, kodwa nezinhlobo zasehlobo. Izithelo zabo zilungele ukusetshenziswa ekuphakameni kwehlobo, futhi izithombo zima ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Amapharele ayisi-dessert engenakuqhathaniswa futhi ngasikhathi sinye umkhiqizo wokudla. Ijusi lephari namazambane acubuziwe alusizo ezinganeni, futhi uginindela ulungele ukulungiselela izithelo ezomile, ukulondolozwa kanye nezimbiza - lokhu kusombulula ngokushesha inkinga yezinhlobo zasehlobo ezonakalisayo. Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala ziba nezimpande eSiberia nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga futhi zikwazi ukuthela izithelo kuze kube yilapho kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala. Uma wenze isinqumo esifanele, ungasikhulisa lesi sithelo esimnandi engadini yakho ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima.