Amapharele ebusika: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezimpawu zokunakekelwa

Uma ufuna ukuba namapheya amasha hhayi ehlobo nasekwindla kuphela, kodwa futhi nasebusika, tshala izinhlobo zazo zobusika esizeni sakho. Abalimi abaningi bayazixwaya izinhlobo zakamuva, kepha ngokungafani nenkolelo evamile, izithelo ngeke zihlale zinzima futhi zinambitheka unomphela, njengasikhathi sokuvuna. Ngemuva kokulondolozwa okufanele, bayothamba, babe nephunga futhi baba mnandi kakhulu.

Incazelo, izici ezihlukanayo zamapheya asebusika

Izihlahla zamaparele bezilokhu zifunwa kancane kancane ngabalimi kunezihlahla zama-apula, lokhu kungenxa yokumelana kwabo ngokuqinile nesithwathwa. Kepha sibonga ukuphikelela kwabafuyi namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingabusika ebusika enkabeni yeRussia. Manje amapharele atshalwe yonke indawo.

Izinzuzo ezingenamkhawulo zezinhlobo zamaparele ebusika yilezi:

• impilo yeshalofu efinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
• ukumelana nesithwathwa zezihlahla zamaparele;
• ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi lezithelo ngemuva kokuvuthwa;
• ukugcinwa kwezithelo okuhle, okwenza kube lula ukuzithutha ngamabanga amade;
• ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kusetshenzwe futhi kugcinwe ukudla okusemathinini.

Izinhlobo ezindala kancane kancane zilahlekelwa inani lazo lokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ubusika be-Bere ehlukahlukene iMichurina, ekhuliswa ngumfuyi owaziwayo, igcinwe kuphela ezivandeni ezindala, ayisafuyi kabusha imihlambi yezithombo.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zamapheya sekwephuzile zinezimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu. Amapharele ane-anti-sclerosis kanye ne-diuretic effect, aqinise izindonga ze-capillary. Izithelo ziqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi ezibalulekile, ama-tannins, izakhi ezilandelwayo namavithamini.

Amaperele okuvuthwa okufika emuva aqukethe izinto ezomile ezingama-30,7%, ushukela ongu-7.05%, ama-acid ayi-0.12%, u-3.3 mg / 100 g ascorbic acid.

Ngokusho kwedatha ka-3. A. Sedova no-3. F. Osinova

//bibliotekar.ru/grusha/4.htm

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlobonhlobo ngayinye yamaparele ebusika inezimpawu zayo.

Abamele abaphambili bezinhlobo zasebusika

Amapharele okuvuthwa sekwephuzile ngesisekelo sezakhiwo ezinjengempilo yeshalofu ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

• ekuqaleni kobusika - kugcinwa emiphongolweni noma esiqandisini kuze kufike amaholide kaKhisimusi;
• ubusika - lala kwisitoreji kuze kube sentwasahlobo;
• Ubusika sekwephuzile (iTikhonovka, i-Emerald, i-Zest yaseCrimea, uMaria, ubusika beDekanka, njll.) - ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, bangaphila kuze kube ngamaholidi kaMeyi Day.

Izinhlobo zokuqala zobusika bezilokhu zikhiqiza izilimo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo ezivuniwe zigcinwa kuze kube unyaka omusha. Kunconywa ukuzisebenzisa ekudleni kungakabi ngaphansi kukaNovemba, kuphela lapho izithelo zizokwazi ukuthola amaswidi nephunga.

Ukwelapha

Emagatsheni asakazayo esihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula izithelo ezitholakala kuma-bunches wonke, isisindo sawo, ngokwesilinganiso, singama-gramu angama-180 - 200. Iqalwe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zizobukeka ziluhlaza, kufanele ziqoqwe.

Kungcono ukuqoqa ithini lamapheya esihlahleni sohlobo oluthile lwe-Cure lapho nje eqala ukubopha

Ngenkathi yokuvuthwa, izithelo ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zithambe, kepha lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngaphambi kwamasonto amathathu. Impilo yeshalofu izinyanga ezimbili kuphela. Amapharele angama-Cure anezithelo ezinhle kakhulu - ekuphakameni kwentuthuko yawo, umuthi weparele uletha amakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu ngesizini. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukushisa okuningi ehlobo.

Chizhovskaya

Izinhlobonhlobo zagcotshwa esikhungweni sezolimo i-K.A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, safakwa Kwirejista Yezwe ngo-1993. Umqhele wesihlahla sabantu abaphakathi, izithelo azinkulu kakhulu - isilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-110. Ripen ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Umbala uluhlaza, ube yicezu elincanyana elinobuhlakani, ngemuva kokukhula, kuqhume isigaxa esiphuzi, esinemiphetho emincane ebomvana.

I-Chizhovskaya ehlukahlukene inezithelo eziqinile, iyamelana nemithi ebandayo nezimo ezingezinhle

Inhloso ehlukahlukene yendawo yonke. I-pulp yamapheya avuthiwe wezinhlobonhlobo zeChizhovskaya inejusi, inamafutha kancane, ine-acidity. Ngokwesilinganiso sokushisa esingu-zero, isivuno samapheya anjalo sizohlala sisuka enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwesine. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukumelana nezifo kanye nesivuno sonyaka, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo. Futhi, izihlahla zale nhlobonhlobo yamaparele zinokuqina okuhle kwesithwathwa.

Novemba

Izinhlobo ezafakwa kwiRegistry Yombuso ngonyaka we-1974. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zaseNoyabrskaya ziphakathi nendawo, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-70, ubambo oluncane. Umbala wazo uluhlaza okotshani, nokufiphala okuncane. Izithelo zivunwa emthini ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba; ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. I-pulp evuthiwe imnandi kakhulu, imnandi, ine-acidity engachazwanga.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule siqoqe amabhakede amakhulu amathathu wamapheya wezinhlobo zaseNoyabrskaya. Sinqume ukuthi singaphinde siphinde sibavuselele ngandlela thile, kepha zama ukubasindisa ebusika. Kwisitezi esiphansi (endaweni ethile ezungeze u-+3 ° C), alala amasonto ambalwa. Ngokwazi ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, ezinsukwini zokuqala bathole izingcezu ezimbalwa. Sebezamile, babona ukuthi isikhathi sabo besingakafiki. Baphoxekile, bakhohlwa ngabo kwaze kwaba yizinsuku zokugcina zikaDisemba. Futhi lapho nje ebafinyelela etafuleni loNyaka oMusha, babona ukuthi ukunambitheka kwangempela kwamapheya ebusika kuyini. Ngiyakuqinisekisa, okuhle kunakho konke, ukunambitheka kwabo nephunga lembulwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zonyaka!

Izithelo zeNoyabrskaya zinoshukela, zinambitha futhi zinhle ngezithelo eziyosiwe, ujamu, ujamu futhi zomile

Izinhlobonhlobo zilungele kahle ezokuhamba nokuhweba ezinde. Ukumelana nezifo ezithathelanayo kanye nesibanda. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kepha akufani - ngonyaka olandelayo, emva kokuvuna okuhle, isihlahla singaphumula.

Iqembu elingaphansi elijwayelekile lezinhlobo zethanga lasebusika, elibizwa ngokuthi: "ubusika", liyahlukahluka ngokuthi izinhlobo zalo zigcinwa kuze kube nguMashi.

Ubusika beKyrgyz

Kufakwe eKyrgyzstan, kepha ilungele izifunda ezinezimo ezingezinhle. Izihlahla zalokhu okuhlukahlukene okuphakathi okuphakathi, zakha umqhele wesimo se-pyramidal, zibonakaliswa ngokunamathiselwa okuqinile kwezithelo egatsheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa, ithini lamapheya kusuka kumagatsha awawi. Izithelo zifinyelela ku-200-250 amagremu. Iqoqwe ngo-Okthoba, lapho umbala wawo uphenduka upinki.

Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zobusika zaseKyrgyz zigcinwa ngokuphelele ezimeni zefriji yasekhaya ejwayelekile kuze kufike ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli

Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa wokuvuthwa, baba yi-orange ngombala obomvu. I-tart kancane, imnandi. I-pulp ilula, iminyene, ibunjiwe.

Izinhlobonhlobo zigcinwa kuma-cellars kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ubuntu bayo obukhulu bubukeka buhle. Ngakho-ke, amaparele ebusika eKyrgyz ngokwesiko asetshenziselwa ukuzalaniswa kwezentengiso.

Rossoshanskaya Late

Kuthunyelwe esiteshini sokulima saseRossoshanskaya. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo azidluli kakhulu, zinkulu, zinesisindo esingu-300 amagremu noma ngaphezulu. Umbala ngesikhathi sokuvuna uluhlaza, ekugcineni okuvuthiwe kuphuzi ngombala omnyama obomvu.

Izithelo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeRossoshanskaya kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela amagremu angama-400 ngisho nama-500 esisindo

I-pulp yezithelo ezivuthiwe inambitha, ibomvu, imhlophe-ephuzi, inephunga eliqinile. Ukuqoqa lamapheya ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Gcina kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhuluphala okuncane kwezinhlobo zakudala zeRossoshanskaya kuqashelwa kuphela ku-32 ° C.

Ukukhiqiza kungaphakathi. Isihlahla esidlula iminyaka emi-5 sivame ukunika ama-30 kg wezithelo ngonyaka. Isici sezinhlobonhlobo: ukukhiqiza eminyakeni ehlukene akufani.

Kuban sekwephuzile

Lesi yisihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esine-sparseqhele. Izinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengethembisa ukutshala ezingadini zezimboni nasezifundeni. Izithelo zakhona ziyisilinganiso - cishe amagremu ayi-150, omise okwenziwe ngoparele njalo, awomile. Umbala ngesikhathi sokuvunwa - ekupheleni kukaSepthemba - uluhlaza okotshani obonakalayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa wokuvuthwa, izithelo ziphenduka ziphuzi. Inyama yabo imuncu, inamafutha kancane futhi ithenda. Iphunga lichazwa kahle, ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Izinhlobonhlobo zakamuva zeKuban zigcinwa kuze kube maphakathi noJanuwari.

Izinhlobo zezikhathi zasebusika zihlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile zokugcina. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaphila kuze kube ngoMeyi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi amapheya ezinhlobo ezinjalo angagcinwa amasonto amabili ekushiseni kwegumbi ngaphambi kokudla.

Emerald

Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zincane, zinomqhele ohlanganisiwe. Badinga ukushisa okukhulu ehlobo, kodwa futhi bathola ubusika kahle. Izithelo zivunwa ngo-Okthoba. Amapheya makhulu impela, afinyelela amagremu angama-300. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, bathola umbala ophuzi ngombala obomvu. I-pulp imhlophe futhi, yize igcinwe isikhathi eside, inoshukela omningi kakhulu.

Izithelo ze-Emerald eliphakathi nendawo ziyindilinga, zinepulpisi eliminyene, ikakhulu ezinoshukela

Isici esiyingqayizivele umkhiqizo ozinze njalo ngonyaka. Enye inzuzo ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe aziwe esihlahleni noma ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya.

Tikhonovka

Lesi sihlahla esiphakathi nendawo sinikeza izithelo eziningi eziphakathi nendawo ezinesisindo esingama-50-80 g., Eziqinile, eziluhlaza okotshani. Ukuvunwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Amathanga kaTikhonovka mancane, kepha amaningi akhula egatsheni

Ebusika, ziphenduka ziphuzi, inyama ihlala icrispy, kepha ithola ukujula. Le nhlobonhlobo ibalulekile ngoba idliwa okusha kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi.

Abamele abaphambili bezinhlobo zasebusika ezifundeni ezihlukile

Lapho ukhetha inhlobonhlobo yethanga esivandeni sakho, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi akuyona yonke leyo ezohambisana nezimo zezulu zakho. Abafuyi batusa isifunda ngasinye lezo zinhlobo kuphela ezizolingana ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu sendawo.

Amapharele asebusika aseningizimu yeRussia

ILate Kuban - ubusika-Hardy, buqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithupha ngemuva kokutshala. Isivuno sonyaka siyafana. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nesibazi. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-170, ziphuzi, neziphuzo. Amapharele okusebenzisa indawo yonke. Ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo yiphunga elinamandla lesiqholo.

ILeninakan esebusika iqine-ubusika, iqala ukubanda kuphela--30 ° C. Izithelo eminyakeni eyi-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Isilinganiso sezithelo esijwayelekile singama-200 amagremu, amakhulu kakhulu afinyelela ku-400 amagremu. Umbala ngesikhathi sokuqoqa uluhlaza, ngemuva kokufinyelela ekuvuthweni komthengi, owolintshi. I-pulp imhlophe, inamafutha kancane, inoshukela omningi. Igcinwa kuze kube nguFebhuwari. Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nekhwalithi enhle yezentengiso yezithelo.

Sikhule ngaphesheya kweLeninakanskaya ithanga esimweni sezulu eseningizimu yeRussia. Eminyakeni efudumele ikakhulukazi, ngokunisela okuhle futhi ukondla ngomquba, isisindo sezithelo safinyelela ku-380-410 g. Kepha esivandeni esiseduze, ngokubona, sasisikhulu kakhulu. Omakhelwane bathi bekasindwa, kanti iparele elilodwa likhule laba ngama-550 amagremu. Kuliqiniso, angizange ngikubone lokhu ngamehlo ami.

ICheremshina iyinhlobonhlobo ebusika ebusika, izithelo zayo zinombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani - omaphakathi amagremu angama-200. Izithelo zivunwa ngo-Okthoba, ngokushisa kwamakamelo, ithini lamapheya ligcinwa kuze kube kuphela uDisemba, egumbini elingaphansi kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ubumnandi bezinhlobonhlobo ukunambitheka okuthambile, okuncibilikayo nephunga eliqinile lesithelo.

Amapharele asebusika e-Ukraine

I-Parisian - ekhula ngokuqinile, enomqhele we-pyramidal. Izithelo nge-olive hue, zivuthwe nge-blush. Ukuma kwamapheya kunobude, isisindo - cishe amagremu ayi-180. Ukuvunwa kweminyaka engama-8-10 ngemuva kokutshala kungafinyelela ku-100 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye. Izithelo zigcinwa ngokuya ngezulu lokushisa kuze kube nguJanuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo azizithobi ngokwazo, ngoba ukungcolisa kuzodinga izinhlobo zePestra Julayi, uJosephine, neLectier.

I-Mliyevskaya yasebusika iyizinhlobo ezivimbela ubusika kakhulu, ezimelana nesifo sekhaba. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, kusuka kumagremu ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200, ezinwebezelwe kancane, zibunjiwe ngopende obanzi. I-pulp inokhilimu, en okusanhlamvu okuncane, okunoshukela futhi imnandi. Igcinwe Ngokuphelele egumbini elingaphansi kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Ubungqabavu balezi zinhlobonhlobo bisihlahla esikhula isikhathi eside esinomqhele obanzi we-pyramidal; akufanele kube khona okunye ukutshala eduze kwaso.

I-Artyomovskaya ubusika - umuthi onomqhele ongafani nepiramidi nezithelo ezinesisindo esivela ku-170 kuye kuma-350 g. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okususwayo, isikhumba siluhlaza okwenziwe amabala agqamile bese kuba umbala ophuzi obushelelezi. Inyama inoshukela, iminyene, imnandi, kepha iphunga libuthakathaka.
Ubusika be-hardness buphakeme. Ukulimala kwesibazi uma kwenzeka, khona-ke ngezinga elingabalulekanga kangako. Izici ezahlukahlukene: ukuze kube nokuqina okukhulu, umqhele udinga ukwakhiwa, ngenkathi ukuthenwa okunamandla esemncane kungazibekezeleli izihlahla.

Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ithini lamapheya e-Artyomovskaya ahlukahlukene anemibala eluhlaza enezindawo ezigqwala, kepha izithelo ezivuthiwe zizothola ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu

Amapharele asebusika esifundeni iVolgograd

Ukuncibilika kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezivuthwa sekwephuze kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufakwa eqenjini lasebusika. Isilimo sokuqala sinikeza ngonyaka wesithupha, sithela izithelo unyaka nonyaka. Izithelo lapho zivunwa zifinyelela ku-400 amagremu wesisindo. Bagcina isethulo sabo esihle kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Izinhlobo ze-Thawing zimelana nezifo ezinjengomdlavuza omnyama nesibanda. Izici zezinhlobonhlobo: ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi kusatshalaliswa kabanzi esifundeni saseVolgograd, naphezu kobunzima baphansi bebusika.

IMalyaevskaya sekwephuzile - umuthi ophansi, ovimbela ubandayo uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithupha. Ukukhiqiza esifundeni saseLower Volga kuyinto yonyaka futhi iphakeme impela. Isihlahla esisodwa sivame ukunikela ngama-50 kg wezithelo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nesibazi. Izithelo zetafula, zinenyama ebabayo enemibala emhlophe, imnandi futhi imuncu, ukunambitheka okubabayo nokunambitheka kancane. Izithelo ezintsha zezinhlobo zaseMalyaevskaya ezisekupheleni zigcinwa izinyanga ezimbili kuphela.

Okuhlukahlukene Malyaevskaya sekwephuzile - kokukhethwa kuzwelonke, okusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni esifundeni saseLower Volga, kubanda kakhulu

Ukuthembisa lesi sifunda kungabizwa, njengoba izinhlobo zasebusika iMalvina, iSamara sekwephuzile, njll.

Amapharele asebusika esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia

I-Belarusian esekupheleni - izinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo iminyaka engu-3-4, ithela cishe amagremu ayikhulu ezithelo. Ukwakheka kwawo kuyaphakeme, umbala uyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokuvuthwa - kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani obunamabala ansundu, kuya ophuzi ngokufiphala. Ngeshwa, izihlahla zamapheya we-Belorusskaya Late ehlukahlukene azimelani kakhulu ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zifaka phakathi izithelo zokuqala, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokubekezelela isomiso.

I-Kokinskaya eliphaya - ukwakheka komqhele wesihlahla salokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyiphiramidi. Ukuvuna kuqala ukunika kakade ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza kufika ku-100 kg wezithelo ngonyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zinobusika obunzima, obandayo kakhulu, ama-buds angaba yiqhwa, kepha umuthi uqobo awufi. Isici esivelelayo sezinhlobonhlobo: ukumelana nesifo esinjalo, ngoba isibanda sisebenza kuphela esithelweni.

Abalimi eCentral Russia, ngisho nama-Urals, banganconywa izinhlobo zaseMoscow sekwephuzile, ubusika beChelyabinsk, ubusika beGolide, ubusika beGlazkova. Lezi zinhlobo ezaqina kakhulu ebusika. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zeChelyabinsk zisinda kuma-37 degrees. Futhi i-Winter Glazkova ingakwazi ukubekezelela ama-degrees angama-40 eqhwa, ngenkathi, njengawo wonke amapharele asebusuku, igcinwe kahle futhi inokukhumbula ukunambitha kwamaDuchess adumile.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Chelyabinsk ubusika - enye yezindlela ezivimbela iqhwa kakhulu

Izici zokutshala ithini lamapheya

Ungatshala eliphakathi kwe ntwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kepha abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukwenza lokhu ngokunembile ekwindla, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, phakathi nesikhathi sokunciphisa ukuhamba kwejusi ezitshalweni.

Eqinisweni, kunencazelo efanelekile yalokhu: iqiniso liwukuthi ekwindla kusenezinga lokushisa elihlanganayo, elivumela isithombo esencane ukuba sikhule ngokuqina. Siphinde sitshala izihlahla zamaparele maphakathi no-Okthoba, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho okulindelwe kuthi kuhlangatshezwane nakho. Cishe kuze kube nguNovemba, bekufudumele, futhi ngalesi sikhathi izitshalo zinikeza izimpande eziningi ezintsha. Lokhu kusize lamapheya amancane ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ngokuzethemba ebusika. Futhi ngokuqala kokukhula kwentwasahlobo, uhlelo lwezimpande olwenziwe ngomumo lwasheshe lwathola amandla ezihlahleni ezincane.

Ukulungiswa kwesiza

Ngokutshala isihlahla samaparele, indawo ende, enelanga enelanga eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesayithi lakho izokwenza. Inhlabathi ekahle yalesi sitshalo ingumhlaba omnyama, noma ompunga, othambile kancane.

Lapho uhlela indawo yeparele, khumbula ukuthi izimpande zomuthi wabantu abadala zingazehlela kumamitha angama-7-8.

Ukukhetha izithombo

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezindaweni zokugcina ezikhethekile. Kepha, uma usalinga ukuthenga umuthi omncane emakethe, noma komakhelwane engadini, bayihlole ngokucophelela. Encwadini yisithombo enempilo ayamukeleki:

• izimpande zokubola;
• izingxenye zokucima izimpande ezindaweni;
• isiqu sesihlahla esomile, esingalondolozi.

Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela isihlahla esithengiwe emakethe ngaphambi kokutshala, zama ukugoba izimpande nesiqu

Lapho ngesizathu esithile uthole izimpande ezomile ngokungafanele, zama ukuzisindisa ngokuziphonsa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngakusasa ekuseni bazophila baphile amandla.

Izinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma inhlabathi engadini iseduze nendawo ekahle yeparele, umgodi wokutshala ungahle ube mncane - kwanele ukulingana nezimpande zesithombo. Kepha uma kuphela wenza insiza engaphansi ivundile, ufafaza ingxube yenhlabathi, khona-ke umgodi kufanele ube ujule - ukusuka ku-80 cm ukuya kumamitha. Ububanzi buzodinga okungama-75 nge-75 cm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwenza amasu amiswe kahle.

Isinyathelo 1

Ukulungiselela ingxube yobumba ukugcwalisa umgodi, uzodinga:

• umquba, umquba obolile noma u-peat - ama-35 kg .;
• superphosphate - 1,3 kg;
• lime - 1,3 kg;
• potassium chloride - 150 gr.

Thela inhlanganisela evundile elungiselelwe engxenyeni yedamu futhi wakhe igquma maphakathi nomgodi

Thela uhafu wengxube eqediwe emgodini, ngemuva kokubeka ungqimba lwamanzi lapho. Bese unamathisela isikhonkwane odakeni lobumba. Kufanele kube yingxenye yemitha ngenhla komhlaba.

Isinyathelo 2

Faka izimpande zethanga kubumba lobumba, bese ubeka izimpande esidulini bese usebenzisa inhlabathi.

Kubalulekile ukubamba umhlabathi uzungeze isiqu ngenhla yezimpande ngaphambi kokunisela.

Isinyathelo 3

Ngemuva kokuhlangana kwenhlabathi, dweba umbuthano oseduze ukuze amanzi angabhebhetheki, bese uthela ngokucophelela amabhakede amabili amanzi. Ngemuva kokulinda lapho kumunwa khona amanzi, amboze indawo eseduze nesquunk nge-peat. Bopha isihlahla esisha ekuxhaseni.

Ukunakekelwa Kwesihlahla Pear

Izitshalo ezincane zizodinga ukwakheka komqhele waminyaka yonke. Okokuqala, ukuthena kwenziwa ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola isikhathi esifanele somsebenzi. Ukusika kubekezelelwa kangcono yizithombo emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka -8 ºC.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha isikhathi lapho izinso seziqala ukuvuvukala. Ngiqala ukubheka isimo sezinso kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi. Uma sebekhule ngosayizi, ungaqala ukulungiselela ukuthenwa. Umnqamulajuqu wokuthenwa kwezithelo unganqunywa ngalolo suku lapho amahlamvu aqhakaza ansundu aqhekeka futhi aqhakaza amahlamvu aluhlaza aqhamile ku-lumen. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthinta amagatsha sekuvele kuyingozi - ujusi usuhambile, okusho ukuthi kuzoqubuka ezindaweni zezilayi isikhathi eside.

Onke amagatsha aqondiswe phezulu kufanele asikwe nge-secateurs ukuya kwengxenye yesithathu yobude. Lokhu kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nomuthi wesikhathi esizayo wokukhiqiza.

Isikimu sokuthwebula minyaka yonke sokukhula konyaka ophelile nge-1/3 yobudala beminyaka ehlukene yesihlahla

Ukunisela

Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, yisithombo siniselwa okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswa amabhakede amanzi ukuya kwayi-Ukunisela ngakunye. Eminyakeni elandelayo, inani lamanzi liyakhuphuka, kepha isikhathi sokunisela sihluka kuze kube kanye njalo emavikini amabili kuya amathathu.

Umanyolo wamapheya

Isici salesi siko yisidingo esiphansi se-nitrogen. Ngalesi sizathu, i-nitrogen isetshenziswa kuphela eminyakeni emine yokuqala yokuphila kwesitshalo kumthamo omncane. Umanyolo weNitrogen kufanele usetshenziswe lapho kuqhuma amaqabunga. Izihlahla zamaparele ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emine ngeke zidinga umanyolo we-nitrogen.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-nitrogen kuvunyelwe kuphela ngendlala ebukhali ye-nitrogen, uma kwenzeka ukuthi isihlahla sethanga sikhula kancane futhi sibe namaqabunga akhanyayo, angakhuli kahle.

Izinto eziphilayo zokondla azisetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-5. Kukangaki ukufaka isandla kuyoncika ekuvundeni komhlaba esivandeni sakho.

Kepha umanyolo wamaminerali esihlahleni sethanga uyadingeka njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sizoncipha ngokushesha, sichithe izakhi zaso ukusinika isivuno.

Lapho kufika unyaka wokufakwa kokufakwa komanyolo we-organic, okokuqala, ingxube ye-phosphorus-potassium ingezwa emifukweni elungiselelwe engaba ngama-gramu angama-50 no-25 ngemitha yesikwele, uyixube ngokucophelela nenhlabathi.

Ngemuva kokondla, kubalulekile ukunakekela njalo iziqu, ungazivumeli ukuba zikhule utshani

Shelter ebusika

Noma ngabe izinhlobonhlobo zethanga zibhekwa njengezivimbela isithwathwa, izihlahla ezincane ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezinamafrimu amade zizodinga indawo yokuhlala. Eduze kwesiqu somuthi kusongelwe indwangu eqinile njengokugqekeza.

Njengokufakwa, kufakwa utshani obomile, amaqabunga, utshani, ngokufakwa kotshani obunamakha - umhlonyane, iminti, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-elderberry. Le ndlela izosiza nokwenza umuthi ungathandeki kumagundane.

Izindlela ezimbalwa zokuphephisa izihlahla kusuka kusithwathwa nemimoya ebandayo

Ukushisa okunjalo kungafakwa ngaphansi kwendwangu egoqa isiqu, kanye nokungcwaba amasentimitha ambalwa emhlabathini ozungeze isiqu. Le ndawo kubalulekile ukuyinyathela kakhulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Naphezu kokungafani kwayo - izicubu ezinzima kakhulu ze-fetus, ezithintela ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu, izinhlobo zobusika zeparele nazo zihlushwa izilokazane nezifo.

Isikali

Ubizwa yi-pathogen eyingozi - ukhunta. Lesi sifo singamboza kalula isihlahla ngokuphelele - sisuka esiqwini siye ezithelo nakumaqabunga.

I-Scab kumapheya icasulwa isikhunta se-pathogenic futhi idinga ukulawulwa ngokushesha

I-Soot fungus

Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zidonsa velvet emnyama. Ngokushesha alifaki nje kuphela wonke umuthi walesi sihlahla, kodwa futhi nomakhelwane balo elikude kwegatsha elide.

Unganquma ukuthi isikhunta esingaphansi komhlaba wesithelo ngamachashazi amnyama amnyama akha i-plaque

Ukugqwala

Lesi sifo sibangela isikhunta se-pathogenic microscopic fungus. Isithwali sobunzima sithathwa njengesitshalo esilusizo njengejuniper.

Ukugqwala kuvela njengezindawo eziwolintshi ezikhanyayo ngamaqabunga aphakathi

Ngokujwayelekile, izihlahla zamaparele ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zithintwa yizifo ezinjengePowdery hlobo, okubukeka njengembali eqhakaza, kanye neFruit rot, ebulala izithelo ngokuphelele. Ukujikeleza kubangelwa ukutheleleka okuthwalwa ngapheya kusuka emilenzeni yezinyoni noma ezandleni zabalimi.

Ithebula: izindlela nemibandela yokulwa nezifo

Ishidi gall midge

Isinambuzane esiyingozi kakhulu lapho sihlolwa eduze umiyane ophakathi nendawo wombala onsundu.

I-Leaf gall midge ifana nomiyane omncane 2-2,5 mm ubude, ngamaphiko asobala nezimpondo ezinde

Uma ubona izinambuzane ezinokuthula esihlahleni sakho sethanga, yazi ukuthi maduze izibungu zazo ziqala ukuququda kakhulu enyameni yamaqabunga, zibangele ukukhula kuzo.

Leaflet

Lesi sikhonyane esiluhlaza esingcolile luvemvane oluncane, okuthi, ngesineke, silisongele iqabunga bese silibethela ngewebhu elinamathelayo.

I-Leafloader ingambozwa ngezindawo ezimnyama futhi igoqwe ngama-cobwebs

Okungajwayelekile ukuthi, ubusika bethanga kuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezinjengezithelo zezithelo, ama-aphid adla ujusi wamahlamvu, noma amabhu enundu - adla izithelo. Kodwa-ke, kaningi bakhetha izinhlobo ezithambile zasehlobo.

Ithebula: izindlela nemibandela yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane:

Ukuvuna

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlobonhlobo zethanga ngalinye lasebusika zinezikhathi zalo zokuvuthwa. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ngezimo zezulu lesifunda sakho. Ukuze unqume ngokunembile izinsuku zokuqoqwa kwengadi yakho, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyenziwe ngomuzwa:

1. Linda kuze kube yilapho izithelo zivinjelwa egatsheni kalula.
2. Khetha isimo sezulu esomile ukuze uvune.
3. Ungakhathazeki, uma ngesikhathi sokuqoqa lamapheya linzima, zizovuthwa lapho zigcinwe kahle.
4. Khumula ubeke izithelo kumagilavu ​​- noma ngabe usibhoboza kalula isikhumba ngezipunu, ngeke kugcinwe amaparele.
5. Ungesabi ukuthi usephuze ukuvuna, akukho ngozi enkulu.

Ukushisa kwe-Autumn kushiya kancane, ngakho-ke izithelo zinethuba lokuqina, futhi lokhu kuzokhulisa ukukhuthazela kwabo ngesikhathi sokugcina esizayo.

Engadini yethu, ithini lamapheya ebusika livunwa okungenani lapho kungekho ezinye izithelo. Ngoba uma uziqoqela ekuqaleni, izithelo ziyoba ngamatshe futhi zinambithe ngokuphelele, noma kungemuva kokugcinwa. Ngandlela thile, omakhelwane baqoqana ngaphesheya kwe-pears yezinhlobo ezingachaziwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ilondolozwe kuze kube nguFebhuwari, yazama, yanikeza inkomo. Ngakho-ke, asiphuthumi neqoqo, silindele ukuvela okungenani kobuthakathaka, kepha sifiphele. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Emerald, ngokwesibonelo, ziqoqwa okuluhlaza okotshani, kepha kusenendawo yokufiphala. Bukela ithanga lakho lamuva, futhi eminyakeni embalwa, uzokwazi kahle ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwabo sekuvuthiwe kuza nini.

Ukukhiqiza

Izinhlobo ze-pear zasebusika, njengomthetho, zinikeza ukuvuna okucebile. Ukuzithoba okuphansi kakhulu kungabizwa, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo uNika noLear. Izihlahla zabantu abadala balezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngenxa yokuphakama kwezithelo, zinika ama-75 kg kusuka kwisitshalo ngasinye. Lokhu futhi kungumphumela omuhle, kepha phakathi kwezinhlobo zakamuva kukhona ompetha bangempela. Isibonelo, isisindo sezithelo ezisuka esihlahleni esisodwa sezinhlobo zaseBere zasebusika iMichurina ne-Saratovka zivame ukudlula kuma-200 kg, futhi isihlahla sokwehlukahluka kweCurie singakhiqiza amakhilogremu angama-350 noma ngaphezulu!

Izinhlobo zamaqembu ebusika zidume ngokuvuna okukhulu kakhulu ekwindla.

Ungasigcina kanjani isivuno

Ukulondolozwa okufanele kwamapheya, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ekukhetheni iziqukathi. Kubalulekile ukufeza imibandela eminingi ebalulekile ezohlangabezana nayo:

• ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kakhulu - ngokhuni, kubekwa iphepha, kufafazwe yisibabule - lokhu kuzovikela amapharele ekuqhamukeni kokungunda nokubola;
• indawo yokugcina kufanele inikezwe umoya omncane hhayi ukuvuza;
• ekhabetheni, imigqa emibili yamapheya ebekwe izigaxa ezingasondelani omunye nomunye futhi ezibekwa ngotshani obomile noma ngesidunu se-moss zigcinwa kahle kakhulu;
• ibhokisi akufanele libe nezithelo ezingaphezu kuka-14-16 kg;
• izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nosayizi zingcono hhayi eduze kwebhokisi linye;
• uma kugcinwa izithelo ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, ithini lamapulangwe selivele laphola, futhi umoya ukhipha umoya ezikhwameni.

Ukulondolozwa kwesilimo, kufanele ucubungule ngokucophelela ukukhethwa kwezimo zokugcina izithelo

Ukushisa nobude besitoreji

Kuthembeke kakhulu ukugcina ithini lamapheya egumbini elibandayo kakhulu - ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-0 ° C, kanye nomswakama omkhulu wama-95%. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi sekwephuzile ezidinga okungenani ukushisa okungu-1-2 ° C. Futhi kulezi zici, udinga ukuqonda ngokunembile.

Ithebula: izimo ezifanele zokugcina ezinye izinhlobo

Sebenzisa

Amaparele ezinhlobonhlobo zangemva kwesikhathi anepulpini eyi-firmer futhi aqukethe ama-tannins amaningi. Ngakho-ke, alungele imisebenzi yokusebenza kunezinye izinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okusha kobusika, asetshenziswa ngendlela:

• uyalonda futhi uqukethe;
• ujamu noju;
• newayini
• isithelo se-marmalade nezithelo.

I-pearl marmalade iyindlela ephatha kahle ushukela ongeziwe kanye ne-gelatin

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pearl enezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezokwelapha zendabuko nasekwenziweni kwezidakamizwa ezithile embonini yezemithi.

Ividiyo: injani isitshalo sehlobo sekwephuzile izinhlobo

Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi

Sasihlala siphupha ngamapheya futhi sicabange ukuthi akuyona intokozo yethu ... Eminyakeni engu-3 edlule, kuphela entwasahlobo, batshala iJust Maria, iSorceress, ibhotela sekwephuzile kweBelarussian neVeles. Lo nyaka kwaba isivuno sokuqala. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi kwakunguMaria kuphela. Kwakunamaparele acishe abe ngu-30, ayi-10 kuwo asiklebhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba besingenaso isineke sokulinda. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule bakususa okusele. Manje balapha egumbini elingaphansi lezicucu ezimbalwa ngosuku uvuthwe. Inambitha njengamapheya amnandi!

UMatilda

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.0

Ngingabhekisa kuphela kulwazi lwami uqobo. Iminyaka eyi-10 iyakhula futhi isivele ithwele i-Autumn Yakovleva neVeles, kokubili ekwindla nokunambitha. Okusekugonyiwe akukaze kube nezithelo, kepha uPamyat Zhegalov noPamyat Yakovlev noBelorussia kamuva bazizwa behamba kahle, yize lezi zinhlobo zingakayiboni ifrimu enzima. Ngizama nokukhulisa uNick. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu, okumnandi futhi ezinezithelo yi-Autumn Yakovleva, kodwa bayibhala akubona ubusika obunobunzima, angizange ngiphawule.

Imikhondo

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6273&start=645

Ngineparele lezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika uPamyat Zhegalov. Izithelo ziyinsimbi, ngisho nangoSepthemba, nazo azizimbi, kepha ukunambitheka kuyanengiso (ekuqaleni awuzukuluma, aqamba amanga athambile, kepha akunambitha njengotshani). Emangele kakhulu isibazi. Indaba efanayo nomakhelwane bezinhlobo zeLada.

i-tombiya4915

//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/soznavaytes_pro_zimnie_sorta_grushi.html

Endaweni yami yakudala, kukhula iChizhovskaya neLada. Izihlahla sezivuthiwe kakade, zithela izithelo kahle, kepha ... Akunjalo njengoba besho. Basheshe bathambe, ikakhulukazi iLada. Ophakathi nendawo awukho. Akukho sitoreji okungaxoxwa ngakho. Mhlawumbe empeleni angizange ngibe nenhlanhla? Ngathenga isikhathi eside eSadko. Ngakho-ke azange ziphinde zitshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo. Izingane kuphela ezidla, noma ezivuthwa ku-jam. Yebo, mhlawumbe angikuthandi lokho, kuthambile.

arinka

//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?t=590&start=30

Kuzoba wusizo kubalimi abangazinaki izinhlobo zamapheya zakamuva ukwazi ukuthi lezi zithelo zidinga ukulandela imithetho ekhethekile yokuvunwa nokugcinwa. Uma kuqashelwa, izithelo ngokuqinisekile zizofinyelela ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kweqiniso. Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamapheya asebusika nezinye izinhlobo zepharele.