ICherry plum Mara yatholakala ekuqaleni eBelarus. Ngokushesha wathuthela eRussia futhi waba ntofontofo kuyo yonke insimu yaseYurophu eningizimu yeSt. Kungani kwenzeka, ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo zezinhlobonhlobo ezidale nokuthi ngabe kufanelekile ukuba umlimi azitshale esizeni - sizozama ukukuthola.
Incazelo yebanga
Le plum ye-cherry iphuma eBelarus. Izinhlobonhlobo zahlukaniswa ngo-1987, kwathi ngo-1999 kwafakwa kwiRegional State yeRepublic of Belarus. Kubhaliso Lombuso laseRussia - kusukela ngonyaka we-2002. Ihlelwe endaweni yeVolga-Vyatka, ePhakathi neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga.
Ngokusho kweVNIISPK (i-All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding), lesi sihlahla esiseduze neMara sibude bude, sinomuthi okhula ngokuqinile onamahlumela amancane omsundu. Umqhele uphakanyisiwe, uyindilinga, uyaqhuma. Ubukhulu bomqhele buphakathi.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zilukhuni ubusika obuqinile kuzo zonke izinto - izinkuni, izimpande, izimbali - kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta, kufaka phakathi i-kleasterosporiosis. Ngemuva kokutshala esithelweni sembewu, i-cherry plum iqala ukuthwala iminyaka engama-2-3. Lapho ukutshala ngohlelo lwamamitha ayi-5 x 3, ama-35 c / ha aqoqwa njalo ngonyaka. NgokweRegista Yombuso, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sisilinganiso, futhi ngokusho kwe-All-Russian Institute of kilimo Yezolimo, sekwephuzile (Septhemba). Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubuyekezwa, abalimi bathambekele kunguqulo yakamuva.
Izinhlobonhlobo azinanzalo, ama-pollinators ayadingeka. Okuhle kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry plum i-Vitba ne-cherry plum yasendle. Kuqhakaza kamuva - ukuphela kuka-Ephreli - ukuqala kukaMeyi.
Amajikijolo ayindilinga-nxazonke anesisindo esilinganiselwe sama-22-23 amagremu. Umbala wesikhumba uphuzi, umbala ofanayo kanye namanzi, inyama enamafutha. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, okumnandi noma okumuncu-okumnandi. Ukuhlola ukunambitha - amaphuzu angu-4,2 (ngokusho kwe-VNIISPK - amaphuzu angu-4). Ithambo lincane, lifakwe nenyama. Inhloso ehlukahlukene yendawo yonke. Impilo yeshelf mihle impela - egumbini elipholile amajikijolo agcinwa amasonto amathathu.
Ojikijolo ophuzi we-plum
Ukufika kwe-Cherry plum
Ukutshala i-cherry plum kuyatholakala kumqambi wegadi. Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukukhetha indawo enhle yesihlahla esizayo. ICherry plum Mara isitshalo esomisa kanzima ebusika, kepha asithandi imimoya ebandayo esenyakatho. Ezindaweni ezinendawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ixhaphozi, isihlahla nawo ngeke sikhule. U-Alycha udinga ilanga, umoya omncane, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Ngokusekelwa kulezi zidingo, singafingqa - i-cherry iplamu izokhula kangcono eningizimu noma emthambekeni oseningizimu-ntshonalanga ngokuvela okujulile kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuba nokuvikelwa komoya ngendlela yodonga lwesakhiwo, uthango noma izihlahla eziwugqinsi ezivela ohlangothini olusenyakatho noma olusenyakatho-mpumalanga. Inhlabathi idinga ukukhululeka ngokungathathi hlangothi noma ukusabela okuncane kwe-asidi.
I-Cherry iplamu kufanele itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kusesaqalile futhi nezitshalo zingashiyanga isimo sazo esomile. Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokufika kwe-plum yangempela
I-Cherry plum kufanele iphathwe kahle. Udinga ukuqondiswa yimithetho elandelayo:
- Qala ngokutholwa kwesithombo. Ungenzi lokhu ezimakethe zabathengisi abangaziwa - ukuthengwa kwesithombo enkulisa kuzokusindisa kusuka ezimeni ezingemnandi. Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evulekile zivunwa ekwindla, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho kunokhetho olubanzi. Zikhetha isitshalo esisodwa noma ezineminyaka emibili - zimila kangcono, zikhula ngokushesha bese zingena izithelo. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo luyothuthukiswa kahle, izimpande zingama-fibrous, ngaphandle kwezigaxa nokukhula. Uma amaqabunga esala esihlahleni, kufanele anqunywe.
Izithombo ze-Cherry plum kufanele zibe nezimpande ezikhule kahle.
- Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, izithombo zembiwa engadini, ngemuva kokucwilisa izimpande ngocezu lwezingxenye ezilinganayo zobumba ne-mullein. Faka umuthi emgodini olungiselelwe. Kufanele kube oblong, ukujula kwama-30- 40 cm. Izimpande zimbozwe ngesihlabathi, siphuziswe, bese umhlabathi umbozwe ngendunduma encane. Uma isithombo sigcinwa egumbini elingaphansi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa ligcina ku-0 kuya ku-5 ° C.
Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lesi yisithombo sigcinwe sambiwa engadini.
- Lungiselela umgodi wokufika ngokulandelayo:
- Bemba umgodi 80x80x80. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye engenhla yenhlabathi ibekwa eceleni (uma ivundile futhi inothile nge-humus).
- Emhlabathini osindayo, ukudonsa okungamamitha ayi-10 cm kufanele kubekwe phansi komgodi .. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izinto zokuthuthukisa - itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile, njll.
- Umgodi ugcwele inhlanganisela enempilo ye-chernozem, isihlabathi, i-humus ne-peat, ethathwe ngenani elilinganayo. Kufakwa amalitha ama-2-3 wamlotha wokhuni kanye nama-300-400 amagremu we-superphosphate. Ihlanganiswe nge-pitchfork noma ifosholo.
- Shelter kuze kwentwasahlobo ngezinto zokuphahla noma ifilimu ukugwema ukufinyelwa kwezakhi.
- Entwasahlobo, isihlahla sitshalwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Hlola isithombo. Uma kutholakala izimpande ezifriziwe noma ezomile, zinqunywe ngama-secateurs.
- Izimpande zibekwe emanzini ngokungezwa kwezivuseleli zokwakhiwa kwezimpande, isibonelo, iKornevin, Heteroauxin, Epin, njll.
- Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, kubekwa umgodi omncane emgodini, phezu kwawo kufakwa khona isithombo. Izimpande ziqonde kahle.
Emgodini olungiselelwe, kufanele kufakwe i-cherry plum seedling bese izimpande ziqonde kahle
- Gcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba ngezigaba. Ungqimba ngalunye luhlanganisiwe, unakekele ukuthi lungalimali izimpande.
Lapho ugcwalisa umgodi, faka ngokucophelela ungqimba ngalunye
- Kubalulekile ukuthi intamo yezimpande ngemuva kokubuyiswa nokuchelela isezingeni lomhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni ibekwe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlaba - izozinza nentamo ibe ekuphakameni kwesokudla.
- Kuzoba ngcono uma lesi yisithombo siboshwe esikhonkwaneni esivele sinezando - ngakho-ke sizokwazi ukumelana nemimoya ebakhona.
- Usebenzisa umsiki wendiza noma umpheki, umbuthano oseduze uyakhiwa eduze nobubanzi bomgodi.
- Nisela inhlabathi ngamanzi amaningi - lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngesembozo esihle sezimpande kanye nokususwa kwezimpawu zomoya.
Nisela inhlabathi ngamanzi amaningi - lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngesembozo esihle sezimpande kanye nokususwa kwezimpawu zomoya
- Ngosuku olulandelayo, umbuthano oseduze kufanele ukhululwe futhi ufakwe ngotshani, i-humus, i-sunk ene-sunflower, njll.
- Ngokushesha kufanele uqale ukwakha umqhele wesihlahla esizayo. Kulokhu, lesi yisithombo sinqunywa size sibe ngu-60-80 cm, bese amagatsha (uma ekhona) efinyezwa ngama-30-40%.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kweplamu Cherry kuqukethe imisebenzi yezolimo ejwayelekile.
Ukunisela nokondla
Vele, noma yisiphi isihlahla sidinga ukuniselwa futhi sivundiswe. Lokhu akuyona inkinga. Khumbula imithetho eyisisekelo kafushane:
- Isikhathi sokunisela se-Cherry plum cishe kanye ngenyanga. Izihlahla ezincane zingadinga ukuniselwa kaningi. Kepha umuntu akufanele ahlele "ixhaphozi" embuthanweni oseduze-isiqu - iplamu yensimbi ayikuthandi lokhu.
- Uma unisela, kufanele uqondiswe umthetho - inhlabathi kumele inyuswe ngamasentimitha angama-25-30.
- Lapho inhlabathi yomile - iyakhululwa futhi ifakwe emgodini.
- Ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala, baqala ukuzondla.
Ithebula: Izinhlobo zokugqoka eziphambili i-cherry plum nesikhathi sesicelo
| Umanyolo | Uma wenza | Bangakanani futhi banikela kanjani |
| Izinto eziphilayo | ||
| Humus, umquba, Peat | Imvamisa iminyaka emi-2-3, ekwindla noma entwasahlobo | Vala ungene enhlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-5 kg / m2 |
| I-Liquid | Minyaka yonke, eshumini sesibili senyanga kaMeyi, bese kuba khona izikhathi ezimbili njalo emavikini amabili | Ukumiliselwa okulungiselelwe kwangaphambili ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi enhlanganisela eyodwa yezakhi:
Gcizelela isonto elilodwa, bese lihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya ku-10 futhi siyaphuza |
| Amaminerali | ||
| Okuqukethe i-nitrogen | Minyaka yonke entwasahlobo | Okokumba, 20-30 g / m2 |
| Potassium | Minyaka yonke, ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo | Ingcibilikisiwe emanzini futhi iniselwe ngesilinganiso se-10-20 g / m2 |
| Iphosphorus | Minyaka yonke ekwindla | Okokumba, 20-30 g / m2 |
| Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi | Ngokusho kwemiyalo enamathiselwe | |
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kusiza ukugcina umuthi usesimweni esinempilo, kunomthelela ekwandeni kwesivuno nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukubumba okubaluleke kakhulu nokulawula.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele
Umqhele wesihlahla owakhiwe kahle uzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esiphakeme. Lapho kukhula ama-plums e-cherry, ukwakheka kwe-sparse-tier nokwakheka kwenkomishi kuvamile. Lokhu kokugcina kungcono kakhulu. Inikeza umoya omncane kanye nokukhanya kwesithsaba, okufaka isandla ekuvuthweni okusheshayo kwamajikijolo nokwanda ushukela okuqukethwe. Kunezindlela ezilula nezithuthukisiwe ze- "isitsha". Ziyahlukahluka ngokuthi esimweni sokuqala amagatsha wamathambo akhula kusuka esiqwini ukuphakama okufanayo, esimweni sesibili anesikhala esingamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. Kumaplamu we-cherry alayishwe ezithela eziphakeme, ama-plums e-cherry athanda ukwakheka "kwesitsha" esithuthukisiwe.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokwenza umqhele:
- Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthena yisithombo lapho ukutshala. Uma lokhu kungenzekanga - sinqume entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo.
- Isinyathelo sesibili ukukhetha ama-buds amane wokukhiqiza esiqwini esingaphansi kwendawo yokusika nokuphumula okungamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Kufanele kube ngama-multidirectional.
- Wonke ama-buddha angaphansi kwalawo akhethiwe kufanele aphuphuthekiswe, futhi amagatsha (uma ekhona) asikwa abe "yindandatho".
- Emnyakeni wesibili nowesithathu, amahlumela ama-1-2 we-oda lesibili akhiwa egatsheni ngalinye lamathambo kude le-50-60 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kufanele zifinyezwe ngama-30-40%, ezinye kufanele zisuswe.
- Eminyakeni elandelayo, sekela ubude bamagatsha ukuze kungadonseki eyodwa phambili. Ngaphandle kwalokho, igatsha elinjalo lizokwazi ukuthatha indima yomqhubi ophakathi, futhi ukuba khona kwalo okunesakhiwo okunjalo akufanele.
Umqhele obunjiwe njengesitsha ukhanywa kahle futhi unomoya
Lungisa ukunqampuna
Akubalulekile kangako kunokwakha. Ikakhulu "isitsha" somqhele, lapho kwakhiwa khona amahlumela amaningi ngaphakathi komqhele. Ukuze zingqinisi umqhele ngaphezu kwesilinganiso - inani labo lilawulwa. Njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo, amahlumela aqala ukusikwa futhi abaluleke kakhulu, akhula ngaphakathi komqhele. Zonke izingcezu zenziwa inqubo “yendandatho”.
Ividiyo: ilawula i-plum yokuthena
Crop Support
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxosha. Chitha ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho amahlumela amasha ebanda. Bafushaniswa ngamasentimitha ayi-10-12. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwamahlumela ngokwakhiwa kwezimbali ezengeziwe ezizokhiqiza isivuno ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka
Okudume kakhulu futhi okulula. Kuqukethe ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile futhi onesifo. Bayisebenzisa ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi, uma kunesidingo, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Zonke izilahla, ngaphandle kwemali, kufanele zenziwe kungabikho ukugeleza okugobhoza ubisi. Lokhu kuzogwema ukugunda.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Cherry plum ne-iplamu yakho zinama-pathogen kanye nezinambuzane ezivamile. Ukuphikisana okuphezulu kwe-cherry plum Mara ezifweni zokukhunta nezinambuzane kufanele kuhambisane nezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokuzivikela nokuzivikela.
Ithebula: izindlela zokuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane ze-cherry iplamu
| Imicimbi | Uma uchithe isikhathi | Yini |
| Ukuhlanza ingadi yamahlamvu awile | Okthoba | Shisa amagatsha namahlamvu awo. Umlotha ophumelelayo ugcinwa ukuze usetshenziswe njengomanyolo. |
| Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka | Novemba, Mashi | |
| Iziqu zemithi emhlophe kanye namagatsha awugqinsi | Okthoba - Novemba | Faka isicelo sokuxazulula isikhunta esisikiwe ngokufakwa kwe-1% yethusi sulfate noma upende wegadi okhethekile |
| Ukuthukululwa okujulile kweziqu zemithi | Okthoba - Novemba | Ukumba inhlabathi emibuthanweni eseduze-isiqu ngezendlalelo eziguqukayo |
| Icubungula umqhele nenhlabathi nge-sulfate yethusi | Novemba, Mashi | Sebenzisa isixazululo se-3% se-iron sulfate noma isixazululo se-5% se-iron sulfate |
| Ukufakwa kwamabhande okuzingela | Mashi | Amabhande okuzingela enziwe ngefilimu eminyene, uphahla oluzwayo, njll. |
| Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla zendawo yonke | Ukuhamba masishane | Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu sebenzisa i-DNOC, kweminye iminyaka - uNitrafen |
| Ukwelashwa kwesikhunta okuhleliwe | Ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziwe, bese kuba nesikhathi sokuya emasontweni angama-2-3 | Sebenzisa izidakamizwa nesikhathi sokulinda esifushane:
|
Isifo se-plum esingenzeka
Kuyazuzisa ukwazana nezimpawu zezifo ezingaba khona.
I-polystigmosis noma indawo ebomvu yeqabunga
Isifo se-fungus, esibonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezibomvu emaqabungeni. Ngokushesha amaqabunga ayawa. Amajikijolo esihlahleni esinesifo awaphendlwa ukunambitha. Njengomthetho, lokhu akwenzeki ngokufafaza njalo ngama-fungicides engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula.
I-polystigmosis iqala ngokuvela kwezindawo ezibomvu emaqabungeni e-cherry plum.
I-gummosis noma isifo sezinsini
Kubonakala kumonakalo wamagxolo angakatholakali. Ungaqedwa ngokuhlanza amanxeba ngokhuni olunempilo, kulandelwe ukubulala amagciwane nesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi kanye nokugoqa ngensimbi ye-varnish yengadi.
Nge-gummosis, kukhululwa inani elikhulu lezinsini
Kukhanye uMilky
Isifo esiyingozi, esiqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yesibonakaliso sokwenzeka kwako. Amaqabunga aba ukukhanya, ukusiluka. Futhi lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isikhunta sesisakaze ngaphakathi kwezinkuni, sithinta igatsha kusuka ngaphakathi. Uma usika, ungabona ukufiphala okukhulu kwezinkuni. Amahlumela athintekile kufanele anqunywe "kwindandatho", uma wonke umuthi uthelelekile, kuzofanele usho okuhle kuwo.
Amacembe okukhanyisa awuphawu lokuqala lokugula
Izinambuzane ezingaba khona
Izinambuzane zivame ukuhlasela i-cherry plum, ikakhulukazi lapho zinganakwa izindlela zokuvimbela.
I-Plum moth
Izibungu zebhukhodishi zivela emaqanda adonswa uvemvane lapho kuqhakaza i-cherry iplamu. Yidla amajikijolo angaphakathi. Amaconsi amancane wegamu angavela ngaphezulu kwengane. Lapho izibungu sezivele zingaphakathi amajikijolo, sekwephuze kakhulu ukulwa. Kepha ungavimba ukusakazeka okuqhubekayo kwesibulala-zinambuzane ngokufafaza ngama-insecticides, ngokwesibonelo, iFufanon, iSpark, iSpark-Bio, njll.
I-plum moth ayidebeseleli i-cherry plum
Plum sawfly
Imbabazane yensikazi nayo ibeka amaqanda emaqandeni wezimbali. Izibungu eziqhamuka kubo zidla amahlamvu kusuka ngaphakathi, khona-ke ziyakwazi ukuthuthela kwizimbali ezingakathintwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zidla amaqanda namajikijolo. Susa inkinga ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha izinambuzane.
I-plum sawfly larva idla ama-cherry plum amajikijolo angaphakathi
I-Bunny
Ngokungafani neyedlule, lokhu kuyiphutha. Kepha umshini uyafana. Ubeka amaqanda, aqhamuke kuzo izibungu, agibela emthanjeni we-plum. Ingaphakathi liyadliwa - ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ziyawa ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ekuvuthweni. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kungasekelwa ngokuqoqwa kwamabhungane. Basebenzisa nezicupho ze-pheromone.
Njengoba usubonile amaqabunga ebhungane le-cherry iplamu, udinga ukucubungula umqhele ngama-insecticides
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ntambama enhle, ngubani okhula u-Alycha Mara asitshele ngesithombe sakhe, ukunambitha, ukumelana nesithwathwa, kufanelekile ukusitshala endaweni yezwe lakho?
kuhle kakhulu kuhle. Izithelo zasendle. Qala ngesithombe. Ngemuva kokuthi “izingadi zeMordovia” zebiwe bese ngibhala isithombe sami ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Lapho, ngehlandla le-70cm, kwabekwa ama-8 kg wezithelo. Walibopha ihlumela ngendlela efanelekile, kodwa ubudisi bawaphula wonke amathayi. Icebo lokuthi isithombe saphendulwe ama-90 degrees. Kwavela ukuthi isikhafu, ukuqhuma, kuhlala kumile ... Izithelo zinesikhumba esiminyene. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, aziqhekeki esimweni sezulu esinethayo. Ivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi, lapho amanye amaplamu e-cherry esevele ephumulile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-cherry plum uSoneika (indodakazi yakhe) iyavuthwa. Okukhulu, kepha kube lukhuni kancane. Uma Mara m. kuya ku-25-30, bese uSonya ukuya ku-35-40g. Ngokuguga okugcwele, kuhle kakhulu. namanzi. Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi. Ithambo, ngeshwa, alihlukani.
i-toliam1, iSt. Petersburg
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/261664/page-14
Imibono on the iplamu cherry of mara ahlukahlukene ophahleni emafutheni ezisusa ophahleni namanzi?
Okusha ngokunambitheka uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye, ujusi uqinisile. Okusuka ephuzi yigolide elimnandi kunawo wonke eScythian. Konke ukunambitheka kwami, Isipho saseSt. Petersburg sincane, simuncu, ngishiya igatsha elilodwa ukuqoqwa)
udoti, eMoscow
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/261664/page-14
Ukwethembeka kukaMariya kuyajabulisa - minyaka yonke ngezithelo naphezu kokuphikisa kwesimo sezulu esibi. Futhi ukunambitha, izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry plum ziyidlula yonke. Kepha sidla ngentokozo, ukunambitheka kungumvini kakhulu, futhi kunoshukela omningi. I-Skoroplodnaya, futhi, inhle ngokulandela ukwethenjwa. Amanzi amancane kunoMara, abe ngcono, futhi avuthwe kusenesikhathi.Kepha angithandi ukuthi izithelo zichithwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Futhi kungani ulindela ukuthi ukugonywa kwama-fruiting hhayi ngaphambi kuka-2010? Ngisho izithombo zikaMariya ezineminyaka emibili ubudala noSkoroplodnaya sezivele ziyaqhakaza. Futhi uma ukugoma kwenziwa emqheleni, khona-ke ihlobo elilandelayo kufanele libe izithelo zokuqala.
I-Chamomile13, uMordovia
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=430&start=255
I-Alycha Mara - ukukhetha okuhle kwabalimi bomgwaqo oPhakathi. Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo kanye nokungathobeki kuyisethi engaphelele yezinzuzo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Amaphutha amancane awaphazamisi ukuncoma ngokuzithemba lokhu kuhlukahluka ukuze kulinywe.
