I-apula eyaziwa kakhulu e-apula "i-Orlovskoye emigqabhagqabha" ihlukaniswa izithelo ezinkulu ezinama-oblong nezitshalo ezinombala obomvu, i-pulp elimnandi, liyizinhlobo ze-autumn ezikwephuzile.
I-apula enjalo, enobuhlungu obukhulu, iyohlobisa noma yikuphi itafula elicebile kakhulu.
Izindawo zokusabalalisa
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezimnandi zama-apula adume kakhulu ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni, ngaphambilini zikhule emazweni aseBaltic, kubhalwe phansi kwirejista esemthethweni yezifunda eziningana zaseRussia:
- Ephakathi.
- I-Northern.
- I-Middle Volga.
- Northwest.
- Umhlaba Omnyama.
- I-Volgo-Vyatka.
Kulezi zifunda, i-apula ye-Oryol enezimpaphe zihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Indlela yokugcina ama-apula ebusika?
Ama-hostesses abanokuhlangenwe nakho abeka ama-apula ebusika kanje.
Amabhokisi ahlanzekile akhiwe ngamaswidi asezinkuni alungiswa kusengaphambili, nge-slits ebanzi, ukuze izithelo ziphefumle ngokukhululekile futhi zomoya.
Emva kwalokho, i-apula ngayinye ihlanganiswe nge-newsprint. Amaphephandaba akudingeki ukuba ashicilelwe njengamanje, njengoba inkino enenki ehlanzekile idonsa izithelo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo ahlanganiswe nefilimu yemvelo yemvelo, ngakho amaphephandaba anamapende omisiwe azoba nemiphumela emihle esikhumbeni esincane.
Iphephandaba, ubukhulu obufanele ukumboza i-apula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kufanele kuxoxwe kahle ngaphambi kokufaka isithelo. Ngakho-ke, i-apula ngayinye kufanele ifakwe esihlahleni sokuphefumula esiphezulu sephepha.
Uma umuntu enenye iphepha elihlanzekile, elikhanyayo, elincane futhi eliqinile, ungayisebenzisa.
Zonke izithelo, ziboshwe ezihlahleni zazo, zihlelwe kahle emabhokisini, ezinqabeni. Ukugcwaliswa kwamabhokisi aphezulu kufanele kufakwe emiphongolweni, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi +4 - + 10 degrees Celsius.
Uma ungenayo ikamelo elingaphansi, khona-ke amabhokisi e-apula angabekwa emgodini, uwahlanganise ngamaqabunga aminyene amnyama, ewagcina esuka efrijini. Ama-apula ehlanganiswe ngale ndlela agcinwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Kungani le ndlela yokugcina ilungile:
- ngoba lesi sici esincane sesikhumba salolu hlobo alulimazi;
- uma i-apula eyodwa ibola, izithelo ezakhelene nazo zizohlala zingakhulumi ngokubola, ngoba leli phepha ngeke livumele isikhunta ukuba singene kuwo.
Inombolo encane yama-apula ingagcinwa esiqandisini ekushiseni kwama-degrees Celsius, lapho iphikelela khona kuze kube nguJanuwari ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nezakhi.
Ukuvota
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe esiteshini sokuhlola kubonise ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo cishe azizitholi.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuzivocavoca kule apple cishe akusekho.
Ukuze uthuthukise isivuno, kutuswa ukuba utshale i-Antonovka eduze komnyango.
Ukusondela kwayo kunikeza ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwezivuno.
Imiphumela ephakeme kakhulu ephawulwe ngokukhona kwe:
- Apple Orlik;
- Welsey;
- Memory Warrior.
Ukuvotela kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kunika i-ovary ngo-85% wamacala.
Inendima yemithi yokuvuna eyamukelekayo etshalwe:
- I-Northern Sinap;
- I-Autumn igxiliwe.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha Incazelo Orlovsky striped varieties
Isihlahla salezi zihlukahlukene singokuphakama okuphakathi. Umqhele ugcwele, nxazonke, ngamagatsha amakhulu, aguquguqukayo emaphethelweni. Ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha omqhele kusuka ekhoneni lika-degrees angu-90 ukusuka esiqwini esikhulu.
Izihlahla ezisendleleni eziphakathi zibekezeleleke kakhulu ngeqhwa, zithole isivuno esihle.
Amanye ama-apula atholakale ezinkambweni zonyaka ezikhulayo amagatsha eminyaka emithathu. Ezinye zifakwa ezigodini zeminyaka emibili eziguquguqukayo. Amagatsha akhula nokukhula.
Izihlahla ezithelekele ku-15 m, uhlelo lwempande oluhle kakhulu, luya ku-2.5 m ejulile.
Emagatsheni amakhulu, i-convex efihlekile. Amaqabunga avame ukukhula, ahlangene, anamazinyo emaphethelweni, ama-pubescent, aqina kakhulu ekupheleni kwamagatsha, nge-petioles eqinile, ahluke esiteshini ngecala elincane.
Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, ezenziwe ngekomishi, nezimbali ezipholile ezihlotshisiwe zihlobisa umuthi entwasahlobo, njengendwangu yomlobokazi. Amakhemikhali ngezimbali ze-concave, nxazonke, awela emaphethelweni. I-pistil enamandla ijikelezwe ama-stamens. Inhlamba ye-pistil enamathela itholakale ngaphezu kwe-anthers evulekile.
Ama-apula amancane, aqoshwe ngemivimbo ebomvu, e-background lettuce eyinhloko futhi ekhanyisa amachashazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele - ithoni enkulu iba yocansi. Lezi apula ziyamnandi ukunambitheka, okumnandi futhi omuncu futhi okumangalisayo okumnandi. Inyama yama-apula inethenda, imhlophe noma i-pinkish, ngisho nekhilimu, ifakwe kahle.
Isiqu sincane, siqondile, sincane. Umcibisholo ukhonjisiwe, awujulile. I-saucer ejulile, ngodonga oluncibilikile, i-calyx ivaliwe, ngezikhathi ezithile ivulekile. Inhliziyo enkulu. Amakamelo embewu avulekile, imbewu iyabumnyama, ibuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi ingakhiwa.
Ukuma kwama-apula kuncike kancane, kufana nesigxobo esinqunyiwe noma ibhande eliphelele ngesibambo. Umbala we-stalk obunamandla obuqinile. Isikhumba sincane, sibucayi, sigcwele umbhede omncane we-wax wemvelo. Kudinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwesitoreji eside.
Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, nakuba abanye balimi bekhuluma ngekwindla sekwephuzile. Isilinganiso sesisindo sesithelo sisuka ku-120 kuya ku-150 amagremu.
Isithombe
Ngezansi kwesithombe ungabona ngokucacile izithelo ze-apula ezihlukahlukene "I-Oryol ezimthende":
Umlando wokuzala
I-apula engavamile yezinto ezihlukahlukene "i-Orlovskoye striped" yatholakala ngo-1957 ngendlela yokuxubusha e-VNIISPK Meckintosh naseBessemyanka Michurin ngabalimi baseRussia E.N. I-Sedov ne-T.A. Trofimova. Ngo-1967, ezihlukahlukene zihlonishwa njenge-elite.
Indawo engokwemvelo yokukhula kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo yizwe lamazwe aseBaltic. Ngakho-ke, ayikubekezeli isomiso. Nokho, wamukelwa kakhulu embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe eJalimane. Lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekwa njengezingqinamba zasebusika. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zakuqala, imbali efihlekile ingalimaza i-spring return frosts.
Ukuthela
Ngokuvamile, ukunikeza isitshalo, lesi sihlahla, siqala ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, kodwa ukunikezwa kwamagrafu kuqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesithathu.
Ngonyaka wesikhombisa, umuthi owodwa uveza kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-50, ngomnyaka weshumi nanhlanu, kuze kube ngu-kilogram ama-aphilile ama-apula, okulinganiselwa kuma-cent cent angu-200 ehektheleni.
Umuthi we-apula uthathwa njengokukhula okusheshayo nokunikezela phezulu, isivuno senze kanye ngonyaka.
Ukufika
Ukutshala kuyinto enhle isithombo seminyaka emithathu ubudala, ukuphakama 1.6-1.8 amamitha, nge system evumbile izimpande. Thengisa izithombo 3, 5 no-7 iminyaka.
Imithi etshalwe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze noma awe. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwemvula ebandayo, isithwathwa kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande, ngakho-ke kumele izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu zidlule.
Kusolwa ukuthi umuthi otshalwe ekwindla, uthatha izimpande kangcono, emhlabeni ongewona omnyama ukhetha ukutshala entwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile ukulungisa imbobo kusengaphambili. Uma ukutshala entwasahlobo, bamba imbobo ekwindla. Ukutshala ekwindla isayithi lokufika lilungiselelwa ehlobo, kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Oryol striped" uzizwa kahle enhlabathini evundile, enomanzi, egcwele kahle. Kodwa ukutshala umuthi lapho amanzi emhlabathini aseduze nawo angeke abe khona.
Ukulinganisa kokuqeda ukufika:
- ububanzi bamamitha ayi-1;
- ukujula 80 akusi ngaphansi kwamentimitha.
Ukutshala ukwakheka kwezakhi:
- inhlabathi yehlathi;
- umquba ophilayo;
- amaminerali.
Ixube elixubile elinomsoco ozoxubha ukuze ugcwalise uhlaka lwesithathu. Emgodini ukhiqize i-cone encane, okuhlwanyela ngokucophelela isithombo, iqondise izimpande ngobumnene nxazonke, kuze kube phansi kwesigxobo kanye nomgogodla.
Fafaza izimpande, uxubane nama-humus, namanzi amaningi, futhi wengeze yonke inhlabathi evela phezulu. Ungabuye futhi amanzi kusuka phezulu, khona-ke esiqwini.
Umsila womsuka akufanele ungcwatshwe emhlabathini, ushiye u-6 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
Njengoba umanyolo ungasetshenziswa:
- umquba (amabhakede amabili ku-sapling 1);
- umlotha okhuni (1 kg);
- superphosphate (bona imiyalelo);
- umgogodla wonyaka odlule.
Igebe eliphakathi kwemigqa yemithi enamandla lihamba cishe ngamamitha ayi-6, phakathi kwezithombo - amamitha amane. Izihlahla ezincane zitshalwe eduze.
Qaphela!Izihlahla ze-Apple zizizwa kahle emhlabathini nge-acidity ezingaphezulu kuka-6 pH. Uma i-asidi ensimini ingaphezulu, ukumba umhlabathi, engeza ufulawa wama-dolomite, i-lime egobile. Ama-phosphate fertilizer awasetshenzisiwe nge-lime, udinga ukuthatha okungenani amaviki amathathu phakathi kwawo. Izimpande akufanele zithinte i-lime noma.
Ukulima nokukhathalela
Umuthi ukhulisa kahle isivuno uma umanyolo usetshenziswa futhi umqhele wenziwe kahle. Okungcono kakhulu kubhekwa njenge-vazoobrazny noma uhlobo oluthile lomqhele womqhele.
Uma ama-rodents, hares, ingxenye engezansi yezitshalo nezihlahla zemithi ekhulile zitholakala eduze kwensimu, kunconywa ukuba zimboze ngenetha ezivela kumagundane noma zicwilise.
Indawo yokutshala nokukhula kwe-apula kumele ivuleke kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo ngeke zibe mnandi futhi isivuno sibe esincane. I-ecology, isimo sezulu esihle nemvula eyanele ithuthukisa isivuno.
Uma kunesomiso esifundeni, kunconywa ukuba uchithe izihlahla izikhathi 4-5 ngenyanga (ibhakede lamanzi ngaphansi komuthi owodwa omkhulu, ekuseni nakusihlwa). Ukunisela ngoJulayi-Agasti kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi, ngalesi sikhathi amahlumela okuvunwa okulandelayo akhiwa futhi ama-apula omnyaka wamanje athululelwa.
Isihlahla asithandi ukukhukhula, ngakho-ke kudingeka uhlanganise ukuchelela kahle ngezehlakalo zesimo sezulu. Ngomiso, amanzi kaningi, uma kunamvula njalo, awukwazi ukuwahambisa nhlobo.
Ukuphuza emva kuka-Agasti akufanele kube, kungathinta u-hardiness futhi kuphuze ukukhula kwamahlumela.
Tshala i-apula kahle emhlabathini onesihlabathi, okhukhulayo, umhlabathi we-loamy kanye neached chernozem. Esihlabathini, kudinga ukuchelela okusebenzayo nokufaka umquba.
Ukukhiqizwa nakho kuthuthukiswa ngokuphinda kuhlanganiswe kabusha.
Esikhathini sokukhula, i-aisle ayiphathwa ngendlela ejulile yokulima ukuze ingalimazi izimpande. Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela utshani, esiteshini, uhlanze futhi ukhulule umhlabathi esihlahleni.
Umhlabathi emithini yomuthi i-mulch horse horse humus ukuvikela umuthi omncane kusuka eqhweni. Futhi, phansi kwe-trunk kuhlanganiswe amathenda angenalutho, indaba kufanele iphefumule.
Kungcono ukondla izihlahla entwasahlobo nge-humus noma i-humus yamahhashi, ama-5-15 kg nge-m2 ngayinye. Emasimini acebile, akufanele avame ukuwapha, kodwa kufanele asebenze njalo ngonyaka.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea (500-600 g) noma i-ammonium nitrate. Futhi ekwindla ungenza umanyolo ohlangene, ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Emasimini aseRussia izifo ezivamile kakhulu ze-apula - isikhumba, esithinta izithelo namaqabunga, kunciphisa isivuno, sithinta ukubukeka nokuqina kwebusika kwezihlahla.
Isikali sithathwa yizinhlamvu entwasahlobo esivela ku-fungi, egcinwe emaqabungeni ekwindla. Kufika ezigidini eziyizigidi ezingu-3 ezikhishwa egqabeni elilodwa elithathelwanayo. Ukuphalaza ngamakhemikhali - ngokuphumelelayo kubhubhisa isikhala.
Kodwa ezihlukahlukene ze-apula izihlahla "Oryol striped" has umkhuhlane omelana nomfuthoIyini umehluko omkhulu kanye nenzuzo.
Uma izihlahla zihlaselwa ngamacimbi, kuhle ukumboza isiqu ngendwangu enamathele hhayi ekuphakameni kwama-50 cm emhlabathini. I-bandage ngeke ivumele izibungu zikhahlele esihlahleni.
Ukufafaza kwamabhantshi amavolontiya ahlukahlukene akhiqize ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuze izithelo zingagcini izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali.
Izihlahla ezansi ngezansi zihlanjululwe futhi ziboshwe enetheni elikhethekile ukuze zivikele ezigodini nasezinqoleni.
I-Oryol Striped Apple iyi-dessert enhle kakhulu yetafula lakho!
