I-watermelon yihlobo, i-berry elimnandi elijatshulelwa yizingane nabadala. Namuhla, alitshalwa kuphela endaweni evulekile, kepha nangaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ukuphumelela komcimbi ngqo kuncike ezintweni ezinjengokukhetha okulungile nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi nembewu, kanye nokutshala okufika ngesikhathi kwezitshalo emhlabathini.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwe-greenhouse yamakhabe
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala amakhabe emhlabathini ovaliwe, kubalulekile ukwakha isakhiwo sokuzivikela, okungukuthi i-greenhouse noma i-greenhouse. Ubukhulu besakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kwesikhathi esizayo kuzoncika kuphela kulokhu okuthandwa nguwe kanye nekhono lomphathi wegadi. Njengoba i-watermelon idinga izindawo ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokutshala, ubukhulu be-greenhouse kumele bulingane, okungenani 2 m ububanzi kanye ne-5 m ubude.
Kudingeka indawo ebamba ukushisa enobukhulu obukhulu kumakhabe akhula, ngenxa yezici zesiko
Kumakhabe, kanye namakhukhamba, i-trellis iyadingeka. Ngosizo lo mklamo khiqiza izitshalo ezihlanganayo. Kulokhu, abamba ukushisa kufanele kube ngamamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, okuzokwakha izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokukhula kwesiko. Kulokhu, izitshalo ngeke zithole imingcele yokukhula. Ukukhetha umklamo wokutshala nekhabe elikhulayo, okokuqala udinga ukucabanga ngezimpawu zezakhiwo ezinjalo:
- I-greenhouse ngaphansi kwefilimu iyindlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu. Ububi bayo ukuthi ayenzelwe ukufaka ukufudumeza okwengeziwe, ngenxa yalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi. I-greenhouse ingasetshenziselwa ukutshala amakhabe, kepha kuphela esimweni sezulu esifudumele, okungukuthi, okungenani ngoMeyi.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu kwengilazi. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuzoba nzima impela, ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwayo, ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo kuzodingeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma usakha isakhiwo salolu hlobo, kuzobonakala ngokuthenjwa nempilo yenkonzo ende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwenzeka ukufaka uhlelo lokushisa.
- I-polycarbonate greenhouse ibhekwa njengenketho ekhethwa kunazo zonke. Okuwukuphela kwembedalo izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo. Le design kulula ukuyakha, ihlala isikhathi eside, ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ukufudumeza okwengeziwe. Ungatyala izithombo zamakhabe ngo-Ephreli.
Eminye yemiklamo emihle kakhulu yokukhula kwamakhabe ngaphakathi endlini yiluhlaza okuluhlaza okwenziwe nge-polycarbonate
Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa komklamo wegreenhouse nokwakhiwa kwawo okulandelayo akuyona into okufanele uyinakekele. Ukwakhiwa kumele futhi kulungiselelwe ukutshala, kufakwe konke okudingekayo:
- Igumbi linomthombo wokushisa. Njengemishini enjalo, kusetshenziswa igesi, uphethiloli oqinile noma i-boiler kagesi. Inketho yokwakha isithando somlilo kungenzeka, kepha umklamo onjalo wethula iziphazamiso ezithile, ngoba kuyadingeka ukulawula amazinga okushisa njalo. Esimweni se-boiler, kuzodingeka ukubeka amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba amanzi azoshisa umhlabathi.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngamakhabe ngezinsuku zasemini zesikhathi esidingekayo (cishe amahora ayi-10), imithombo yokukhanyisa eyengeziwe ngohlobo lwezibani ze-fluorescent izodingeka.
- Ama-watermelon namanye amakhabe angangenwa yizifo zokukhunta. Lokhu kuphakamisa isidingo sokuphatha uzimele nezinto ezibonakalayo zohlaza abamba ukushisa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (100 g nge-10 l lamanzi).
Uma umklamo wokugcina ukushisa ungemusha, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala ikhabe kuhlolwa ukuthi kunomonakalo yini, futhi uma kutholakala, kulungiswa. Iqiniso ngukuthi amantshontsho azwela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi lapho umoya obandayo ungena endaweni eluhlaza, izitshalo ezincane zingamane zife.
Ukulungiselela ukuluhlaza kwesizini entsha kufaka ukugeza nokucubungula nge-sulfate yethusi noma okunjalo
Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwenhlabathi ye-ikhabe
Enye yezimo ezibalulekile zokutshala ngempumelelo kwamakhabe zombili emhlabathini ovulekile nakulezo zindawo ezigcina ukushisa kuzo inhlabathi elungiswe kahle. Inketho enhle kungaba ukuqala ukulungiselela ukusuka ekwindla. Inhlabathi ivundiswa ngokusebenzisa umquba obolile wokumba (ama-20 kg nge-1 m²), utshani buyasetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, umquba oluhlaza.
Izilimo ezi-Sideral noma i-siderates izitshalo ezitshalwa ngenhloso yokufakwa ngemuva kwenhlabathi, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kuyicebise ngezinto zokulandela kanye ne-nitrogen.
Ngokungezelela kumanyolo we-organic, uzodinga ukungeza isihlabathi somfula (1 ibhakede nge-1 m²), kanye nezakhi zamaminerali ezinjenge-nitrophoska ne-superphosphate 10 g ngayinye, ngokusekwe endaweni efanayo. Ngokuvamile, amakhabe adinga inhlabathi elula, enesihlabathi lapho kungagxili khona amanzi.
Ividiyo: ukulungiselela umhlabathi wesizini entsha
Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ikhabe, ungakhohlwa ngenkomba ebaluleke njenge-acidity. Kwi-ikhabe, kufanele ibe kuhlu lwe-pH 6-7. Unganquma la manani usebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile noma imicu yokuhlola. Uma inkomba iphambuka kakhulu kokujwayelekile, khona-ke ku-deoxidation kuyadingeka ukwengeza, ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta ngesilinganiso se-0,7 kg nge-1 m². Uma inhlabathi, kunalokho, i-alkali, lapho-ke ukukhuphula i-acidity ngo-1 ph, engeza ama-3 kg womquba noma ama-9 kg womquba kumitha 1.
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela izinto zokutshala
Lapho ukhetha i-watermelon enhlobonhlobo yokulima abamba ukushisa, kufanele inikezwe lezo zinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezincane ezibonakala kuzo. Indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni izinto zokutshala zidlalwa yisifunda lapho imbewu yakhiqizwa khona. Udinga ukuthenga lezo zinhlamvu ezivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu zakho.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zokutshala ngaphakathi, kufanele kunikezwe izinhlobo ezinesikhathi sokuvuthwa esifushane
Ukunaka izinsuku zokuvuthwa kwamakhabe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuze umhlaba uvaliwe kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo ezinobuhlakani obuzoqinisekisa ukuvuthwa okujwayelekile kwesitshalo. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa isikhathi eside zingakushiya ungenalutho. Amakhabe anjalo angatshalwa ngaphandle kokukhathalela kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ezinhlotsheni zokuqala zokuvuthwa, okulandelayo kunganconywa: Spark, Siberian, Cinderella, Isipho esiya eNorth F1, Krimstar F1, izibani zaseSiberia, Pink Champagne F1.
Ngaphezu kokukhetha imbewu, asadinga ukulungiswa ngokufanelekile ngokutshala. Okokuqala, imbewu idinga ukwaliwa. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kuthululelwa esitsheni samanzi bese lezo zinhlamvu ezedlule zibonakala zingafanele ukutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho impahla yokutshala iphathwa kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate imizuzu eyi-10, edingekayo ukuze kutholakale amagciwane.
Ukubulala amagciwane izinto zokutshala ku-potassium permanganate kukuvumela ukuthi uqede amagciwane kanye nezikhunta ezingaphezulu kwembewu
Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi imbewu ye-watermelon iboniswa ukuhluma okungekuhle. Lokhu kusikisela isidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo zokusheshisa ukuhluma. Ukwenza ngcono ukuhluma, okusanhlamvu kugcotshwa ekushiseni kwe- + 55 ° C amahora amathathu noma kubekwe endaweni yelanga isonto. Njengezindlela zokulungiselela, imbewu ye-watermelon nayo ifakwe emanzini at lokushisa lasekamelweni ngosuku. Ungahlulela ukuthi imbewu isilungele ukuhluma ngokubonakala kwayo - uma ukuvuvukala nokwanda kosayizi kuyabonakala, isikhathi sokuqala sokuhluma.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuhluma, imbewu ye-watermelon ifakwe kuqala kwisisombululo somsoco noma emanzini
Imbewu yokuhluma ingenziwa kuphela esikhwameni sezicubu esimanzi noma nangaphambi kokulashwa okuvuselela ukukhula nomanyolo (Zircon, Epin, Humic amalungiselelo). Ngemuva kwalokho okusanhlamvu kugezwa ngamanzi, kuhlanganiswe ngogqinsi oswakanyisiwe bese kubekwa endaweni efudumele, ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlolwe bese kuthambisa izicubu zomzimba uma kunesidingo, kanye nokubheka imbewu ukuze ikwazi ukugaya. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izenzo, imbewu ingambozwa ngefilimu, ezokwakha izimo ezinhle zokuhluma.
Ukuze ihlume imbewu ngokushesha, ihlanganiswa nge-gauze emanzi futhi ibekwe endaweni efudumele
Izici zokutshala ikhabe emhlabathini ovaliwe
Ukutshala ikhabe ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa ngeke kube ngumsebenzi onzima uma ungatshala kahle futhi unikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Yini engakwazi futhi engatshalwa ngamakhabe eduzane
Ngobukhulu obuncane besakhiwo nokungakwazi ukufaka izithombo zokugcina izithombo eziningana, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo - yini engatshalwa ngamakhabe? Okokuqala, ungatshala esinye isivuno se-melon - ikhabe. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa amakhabe ngamatamatisi, upelepele wensimbi, isitshalo seqanda.
Ama-watermelon angaphakathi angatshalwa nge-isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, ikhabe, upelepele wensimbi
Ungakhuli izilimo ezithanda umswakama ngamakhabe. Ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu nokusalungiswa, amakhabe kuvezwa izifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta.
Uma sithatha njengesibonelo ukhukhamba olufanayo, khona-ke lezi zitshalo zithanda umswakama futhi zidinga umoya omncane ojwayelekile wokushisa ukushisa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke zitshalwe ngamakhabe. Kungenzeka, kepha ukuze kube nejikijolo elimnandi kudingeka ukwaba indawo eyomile engenamimoya, kanye namakhukhamba ukunikeza ukunisela okudingekayo nomoya omncane. Kuze kufike isikhathi lapho ukutshala ikhabe ku abamba ukushisa, ungakwazi ukhule isivuno greenery noma isithombo. Lezi zitshalo ngeke zilethe okubi.
Ividiyo: ukutshala amakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa enamatamatisi
Ukutshala nini
I-watermelon yisitshalo esithanda ukushisa futhi amakhaza awamukeleki lapho esekhulile. Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukushesha ukuwutshala ku-greenhouse, okungenani kuze kungabikho bungozi beqhwa. Uma design ifakwe ngomthombo wokushisa, khona-ke awukwazi ukwesaba ukubanda. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esibekiwe, ukufika ezifundeni eziphakathi nendawo kungaqala ukuqalwa ngesonto lesibili likaMeyi, ezifundeni eziseningizimu - ngasekupheleni kwenyanga. Eningizimu, ukufika kwesiko kungenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Izinsuku ezikhonjisiwe zilinganiselwa, njengoba izimo zezulu zingahluka unyaka nonyaka. Uma intwasahlobo sekutholakele ukuthi izovalwa, izinsuku zokutshala zanda ngesonto, kuyilapho ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyancipha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokutshala amakhabe, inhlabathi kumele ifudumele kuze kufike okungenani ku-14 ° C. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu ingahle ingaqhume noma ukuhluma kwayo kunciphe.
Iphethini yokufakelwa
Ungatshala amakhabe ngezindlela eziningana, kepha inketho engcono kakhulu kuyinto eyodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ikamu lithululelwa emibhedeni engu-90 cm ububanzi nama-20 cm ukuphakama (50 cm ububanzi kanye nama-20 cm ukuphakama). Lapho utshala izitshalo zilandelana phakathi kwemithombo, kusele ibanga elingama-40-50 cm.Lolu hlelo lokutshala lufanelekela kakhulu abamba ukushisa okuncane.
Uhlelo lokutshala ulayini olulodwa lwamakhabe kungaba inketho ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina ukushisa okuncane
Ngokutshala okunemigqa emibili, izitshalo zitshalwa ngephethini yokuhlola, lapho imigqa emibili ihlelwe khona ibanga elingama-50 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye nama-70 cm phakathi kwezitshalo ngokwazo.
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, amakhabe ngokuvamile atshalwa ngendlela enemigqa emibili
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, amakhabe zivame ukutshalwa ngokwephethini yemigqa emibili.
Ungatshala kanjani izithombo zamakhabe ku-greenhouse
Ukutshala izithombo kuqala ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, okuncike ngqo esifundeni. Esikhathini sasemini, inkomba yokushisa akumele iwele ngaphansi kuka + 25 ° C, ebusuku - ngezansi + 5 ° C. Ukuqinisekisa ukufudumala okusheshayo kwenhlabathi, imibhede ingachithwa ngamanzi ashisayo futhi imbozwe ngefilimu emnyama. Ngosuku olulandelayo ungaqhubeka nokubamba. Ngaphansi kwezithombo zenza izimbobo ezincane, ezichithwa ngamanzi afudumele, afudumele elangeni.
Izithombo zamanzi watermelon zitshalwa ku-greenhouse ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esishisayo
Izitshalo ezi-2 zibekwe emgodini owodwa, inhlama ye-1 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, evimba izitshalo ukuthi zingaboli. Izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela ethangini lokutshala, zigwema ukulimala ezimpandeni nasezihlahleni. Ukutshala kulula uma amakhabe etshalwe emabhodweni we-peat. Lapho amakhasi eqala ukukhula, imichilo iqondiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zamakhabe enhlabathini evaliwe
Greenhouse Watermelon Ukunakekelwa
I-watermelon ingeyezitshalo ezaluka, ngakho-ke kufanele iboshwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Isiqu sebhece, ngokungafani nekhukhamba, alikwazi ukunamathela ngokuzimele entanjeni likhuphuka. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka uhlole imibhede nsuku zonke futhi ufake amahlumela ezitshalo njengoba zikhula ezungeza i-trellis. Kufanelekile futhi ukucabanga ukuthi lapho kukhiwa ikhabe elingumhlaba elivaliwe, njengomthetho, kusiqu esisodwa, isb. Izithelo ziboshelwe edolweni eliphambili, kanti izinqubo ezilandelwayo zingaphansi kokususwa. Akukho zithelo ezingaphezu kwesine ezisele ekuqhekekeni okuyinhloko, okuncike kwisifunda esikhulayo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe. Cindezela isiqu esiyinhloko, lapho amaqabunga ama-5 ebuyela esiqwini esiphezulu.
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, ikhabe lenziwa ikakhulu isiqu esisodwa, isb. lapho izithelo zakhiwa kuphela ekuqhekekeni okuyinhloko
Amakhabe aqhakaza cishe izinsuku ezingama-60 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Okokuqala, kuvela izimbali zesilisa, bese kulandela izimbali zabesifazane. Elinye lamaphuzu aqakathekile ngalesi sikhathi inqubo yokuvota, enconyelwa ukwenziwa ngesandla. Ukuze benze lokhu, baklebhula imbali yesilisa bese beyincika kowesifazane. Okokugcina ekuqaleni kunezithelo ezincane. Ngokuvunda ngempumelelo, i-ovary izoqala ukukhula ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho imbali izolula.
Lapho izithelo zifika ngosayizi ngeplamu, amaqabunga ayi-7 ahoxa kulowo nalowo kuwo bese ephula umqhele weziqu. Ngokukhuphuka kwamakhabe kuze kube usayizi we-apula omncane, afakwa ezikhwameni zewayini futhi aboshelwe ku-trellis. Uma izithelo zingaboshelwe ngesikhathi, zimane ziklebhule imivimbo ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo. Njengoba ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha akamuva kudambisa ukuvuthwa kwesilimo, lezi zinqubo zihlala zixhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhula kumele lususwe ngendlela yesikhathi, okukhombisa isidingo sokugcina inhlanzeko ku greenhouse.
Ukugwema ukuklebhula ngemivimbo ye-watermelon, izithelo kufanele zifakwe emasakeni we-mesh futhi ziboshwe kwi-trellis
Yize kunombono ovame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ukuthi ikhabe lithanda ukuchelela, leli siko alivumelani nesomiso. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi udinga ukunisela inhlabathi ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokubumba nasekuqalekeni kokukhula kwamaqanda. Ngokusebenzisa amanzi afudumele, usebenzisa kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-7 esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ukuchelela kuyamiswa lapho izithelo zifinyelela usayizi sici ezinhlobonhlobo zokuncintisana.
Ngaphezu kokunisela, ukunakwa kukhokhelwa ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Ukulungiselela isisombululo sezakhi, hlanganisa u-1 tbsp. l i-azofoski ne-superphosphate, kanye ne-1 tsp. potassium sulfate futhi kuxutshwe emanzini ayi-10, emva kwalokho umanyolo usetshenziswa endaweni yezimpande zezitshalo, ngemuva kokuthambisa inhlabathi. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwe-4 kuyenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala benaka ukubukeka nesimo sezitshalo, ukuze kuthi lapho kutholwa izinambuzane noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, kungenzeka ukuphendula ngendlela yesikhathi.
Ividiyo: ukunakekelwa nokwakhiwa kwamakhabe endaweni eluhlaza
Njengoba ikhabe lisiko eliseningizimu, akuwona wonke umlimi osemgodini ophakathi noma esifundeni esisenyakatho onquma ukuwutshala esizeni sakhe. Kodwa-ke, uma kune-greenhouse, akunzima kangako ukwenza lokhu. Into esemqoka ukulungiselela kahle isakhiwo nesembozo sembewu, ukufika emhlabeni ngendlela efanelekile nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele.
