Izinhlobo ze-apricot zama-dessert: izici zokutshala nokunakekela

I-Dessert yama-apricot yatholakala lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuhlwaya oqondile, wagxila ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezilungele ukutshala ezifundeni eziphakathi neRussia. Ngokugadwa okufanele kwamasu wezolimo wokutshala i-apricot ezakhiweni zasendlini, ungathola isivuno esicebile sezithelo ezinamakha.

Incazelo ye-Dessert Apricot

Ukuqalwa kokudalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zeDesertny kungokuka-A.N. Venyaminov, owenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokufuya ngokubambisana neL.A. Dolmatova esikhungweni sezolimo iVoronezh. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zokukhethwa kweMichurinsky kwathathwa - Best Michurinsky and Comrade. Ingxubevange yempova evela kulezi zinhlobonhlobo yayingumvubelo wezithelo zempova ezivela eNtshonalanga Yurophu - uLouise. Lokhuikwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokuqala kanye nokuthola ubusika obuphakathi nobusika bokunambitheka okuhle.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama

Izihlahla ezifika ku-5 m ukuphakama zibonakaliswa ukukhula okuqinile. Bakha umqhele obukhulu oyindilinga. Naphezu kokumelana kwayo okuhle nokubandayo, ama-buds wezimbali angahlupheka kusuka kusihla sentwasahlobo ebusuku. Ukuthatha izithelo ngemuva kokutshala kubonwa ngokwesilinganiso emva kweminyaka emi-4.

Isisindo se-dessert eyodwa ye-apricot ingafinyelela ku-30 ​​g

I-pulp ye-juicy yezithelo eziwolintshi ekhanyayo enesikhumba esincanyana inokunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesibonelo esisodwa sifinyelela ku-30 ​​g. Babekezelela kahle izinto zokuhamba. Ithambo liyagcwala. Inobukhulu obukhulu kanye nesisindo esilingana no-2,5 g.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Dessert zigcine izindawo ezinenzuzo zamanye ama-apricots. Ine-asidi - i-citric, i-malic, i-ascorbic. Ama-apricots anomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wenhliziyo ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-potassium kuzo. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol, ngoba ipulpiti ine-pangamic acid, noma uvithamini B₁₅. Futhi, isitashi, i-inulin, i-carotene, izinto ze-pectin zitholakale ekwakhiweni. Ngaphezu kokudla okusha, izithelo ze-apricot zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ujamu, ujamu, i-compote.

I-Apricot "Dessert". Ngokuya kokunambitheka, ngokubona kwami, okungcono kakhulu okungatshalwa emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba. Lesi sihlahla sasinda ebusika buka-2006, kunjalo, ngomonakalo, ngesikhathi sasehlobo sabuyiselwa futhi kuze kube yilonyaka minyaka yonke ngesivuno esiningi. Amagatsha angaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo "alala" emhlabathini ..., ukuvimbela amakhefu, kufanele wenze ukukhala kwendandatho ... Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kusesekuseni kakhulu, umuthi unesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika. Ngeshwa, lo nyaka akuyona eyakhe ... le ntwasahlobo ayimvumelanga ukuthi aveze amandla akhe. Mhlawumbe udinga ukulungiselela isivuno esihle kakhulu ngo-2015. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingxenye eseningizimu yesihlahla iboshwe ngokuphelele, isivuno sihlala sikhulu kunasezihlahleni ezifanayo ezivulekele ilanga. Ngicabanga ukuthi iqiniso ukuthi ukuqhakaza phezu kwalo kuqala kungekudala kakhulu kunabanye futhi kwenzeka ngamazinga amahle.

Igor Ivanov

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Ukutshala I-Apricot Dessert

Lapho utshala i-apricot, ukuthola isilinganiso esihle sokusinda, kwenziwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo.

Ukukhetha izithombo

Izinto zokutshala kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya ngezinqubo eziningana:

• Uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle kwisithombo, oluhlanganisa izimpande eziyinhloko nezingu-2 noma ezi-3 ngaphandle komonakalo futhi zingama-25 cm ubude.
• Isiqu esihlanzekile, ukuba khona kwe-gum smudges akwamukeleki kumagxolo ayo.
• Ukuba khona kokuqina kwesiqu, okukhombisa ukuthi yisithombo esedlule inqubo yokugomela. Iqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha futhi iqinisekisa ukutholwa kwezithelo ezihambelana nezinhlobonhlobo, ngokungafani nezithombo.
• Iminyaka yokuzalwa, ilingana neminyaka emi-2.
• Ukuphakama okuhlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 m.
  

  Iminyaka yobudala kufanele ibe yiminyaka emi-2

Ukukhetha isiza

I-Apricot Dessert idinga indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle. Lesi sihlahla sithanda inhlabathi evulekile:

• umkhanyo okhanyayo;
• isihlabathi somthambo;
• loess nge aeration enhle.

Akufanele zibe yi-acidic. Isikhombi esihle kakhulu yi-pH7. Ukukhula okubuthakathaka kwezithombo kuzobhekwa ezindaweni eziphansi ezinomswakama ngokweqile nokuqongelela komoya obandayo. Inketho enhle kungaba ukuvikela imimoya enamandla, ikakhulukazi enyakatho.

Ukumba imigodi yokufika

Ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala i-apricot kuqala ekwindla. Lapho ubenzela umaki, khumbula ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe yi-6 m, futhi emgqeni - amamitha ayi-4. Ubukhulu bomgodi bunqunywa ngobukhulu bohlelo lwezimpande futhi bufaka nomugqa omncane. Kaningi, ukujula kwalo kungamasentimitha angama-70 ezinezinkomba ezifanayo zobude nobubanzi.

Ubukhulu bomgodi wokufika we-apricot ubhekiswe kubukhulu bohlelo lwayo lwezimpande

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ingxenye ephezulu yenhlabathi lapho kugaywa imigodi yokufika ifakwa ngokwahlukana. Faka umquba obolile kuwo - ibhakede lesinye isihlahla. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, yenza isihlabathi. Izilinganiso kufanele zilingane. Thela i-30 g kasawoti we-potassium ne-100 g ye-superphosphate emgodini owodwa.

Isendlalelo somhlabathi simbozwe ngefilimu ukuvimbela ukoma ngaphandle.

Ukufakelwa

Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ungqimba lwamatshe obumba lwamanzi lubekwa phansi phansi komgodi bese inhlabathi elungiselelwe ithululelwa ngesimo se-knoll. AmaSaplings anezimpande ezivulekile anconyelwa ukuba abekwe amahora ayi-10 kusixazululo se-stimulant sezimpande, isibonelo, i-Epina. Pholisa umuthi ngokuya ngemiyalo.

Ungqimba lwetshe elichotshoziwe libekwa phansi komgodi wokufika

Isithombo sisethelwe ngokuqondile, sisakaza izimpande, sigcwalise izikhala, sibambe ngokucophelela ungqimba ngalunye ngesandla sakho. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi intamo yezimpande iphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-5 ukwedlula umhlabathi.Ngoba inhlabathi ingezelela ngokwengeziwe, intamo yezimpande iyoba sezingeni lomhlabathi ekugcineni, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo ngeke size sijule kakhulu.

Isithombo sifakwa sibheke ngqo emgodini wokutshala.

Izenzo ngemuva kokwehla

Kwenziwa umbuthano wokunisela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, uthulula umgobolondo wobumba eceleni komngcele. Ukunisela kuyenziwa, ngethemba lokuthi ku-apricot ngayinye uzodinga amabhakede ama-2 amanzi. Lapho-ke isihlabathi esizungeze isiqu sesigxunyekiwe. Isikhonkwane sidonswa emhlabathini bese kuboshwa i-apricot kuyo.

Ukutshala entwasahlobo kunikeza ukuzivumelanisa okuhle nesithombo. Isitshalo esisha sizoba nesikhathi sokukhula siqine ngesikhathi sehlobo-ekwindla, okuzoba yisiqinisekiso sobusika obuphumelelayo.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

I-dessert apricot ingeyezinhlobo ezicebayo. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe i-pollinator nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali ukuthuthukisa izithelo. Izinhlobo ezinobusika obukhulu zilungele lokhu:

• I-Countess;
• Wezingane
• ULele.

I-aplicot yama-dessert ingatshalwa ngokuzimela kusuka imbewu, ethathwe kuzithelo ezinkulu, ezivuthwe kahle.

Apricot ingatshalwa kusuka imbewu

Inqubo

1. Imbewu iyahlanzwa kusuka epulpini bese yomile.
2. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhluma amathambo kudingeka adlule esikhathini sokufuduka (ukuvezwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile), kulungiswa amakhabethe lapho kubekwa khona ungqimba lwezitini ezaphukile.
3. Imbewu ixubene nesihlabathi esimanzi bese ibekwa esitsheni esilungiselelwe.
4. Ukusuka phezulu kuvaliwe ukuvikela ngokumelene namagundane, kufakwe engaphansi. Uma kunezinhlamvu ezimbalwa, zifakwa kanye nesihlabathi esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese zigcinwa esiqandisini.

Imbewu yama-apricot exutshwe nesihlabathi esimanzi bese ulindela izithombo

Ngo-Ephreli, bamba uzungu olungiselelwe ukuhlwanyela, bengeza ngesilinganiso se-1 m² uhhafu ibhakede lomquba. I-50 superphosphate ne-30 g ye-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium usawoti nayo iyanezelwa. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, engeza u-60 g we lime. Imbewu yokuthola izithombo, ebe ihlelelwa ukuthi iphinde ifakwe endaweni ethile, ibekwa emafulethini, ibanga phakathi kwawo okufanele libe amasentimitha angama-40. Isikhawu ezindaweni ezisesigodini singamasentimitha ayi-15. Amathambo angatshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Esimweni esinjalo, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingamasentimitha angama-50. Amahlumela amancane ngokuthuthukiswa kweqabunga lesihlanu afafazwa ngeTiophos. Inhlabathi idinga ukukhishwa, ukhula lususwe bese lugxanywa.

Imisebenzi yokunakekela ama-dessert apricot ifaka nezinto ezilandelayo:

• Ngenkathi yokukhula etshalwe izikhathi ezi-3, wenza imitha ngayinye² Amalitha angama-48 amanzi. Ehlobo elishisayo nelomile, inani lokunisela liyanda.
• Ukwenza umqhele, izihlahla zokuhlanzeka kwenziwa minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kususwa amagatsha aphukile, omisiwe futhi aqhelelene.
• Izihlahla zondliwa ngendlela yesikhathi, kusukela onyakeni wesibili ngemuva kokutshala. Ngemuva kokuthi iqhwa lihlibilike ngenkathi yentwasahlobo, kufakwa umquba we-nitrogen. I-200 g ye-urea noma i-nitrate ihlakazeka ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, bese ukuthambisa kuyenziwa. Ungafaka umanyolo wamaminerali nge-organic, uthathe izinyoni zezinyoni, ezihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, kuthululelwa amalitha ayi-15 wesisombululo sezakhi. Ukugqoka kwesibili kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngemuva kwezimbali. Ngasikhathi sinye, basakaza eduze kwesihlahla imbiza yomlotha.
  

  I-Apricot idinga ukuthenwa njalo

Esikhathini sehlobo, 2 tbsp. l phosphorus kanye nomanyolo we-potash. Ekwindla, ngasikhathi sinye ngokuthambisa inhlabathi, ama-125 g we-superphosphate 40 g we-potassium chloride ahlakazeka ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye.

Ekwindla sekwephuzile, kwenziwa amalungiselelo esikhathi sasebusika:

• Amaqabunga awile. Kunconywa ukuthi zishiswe, yize abalimi bevame ukubeka imfucumfucu yomgodi womquba.
• Shaya ngokujulile bese ukala imibuthano yesiqu.
• Yenza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka.
• Ukunisela nge-prophylactic yomqhele kwenziwa kusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, iFundazole fung fung.
• Iziqu ziyahlanganiswa ngesisombululo selamula.
• Thela ungqimba lwesikhalo kusuka ku-peat noma kumanyolo nge-sawdust ibe yimibuthano yesikhuni cishe ngo-15 cm.
• Izinto zokuphahla noma ezinye izinto ezifudumeza ukushisa zigoqwa esiqwini sama-apricots amasha. Ungazimboza ngamagatsha e-spruce bese uzimboza ngendwangu engeyona eyalukiwe. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zivame ukubanda ebusika.
  

  Kungcono ukubeka ama-apricots amancane ebusika ukuze uwavikele emakhaza

Izinambuzane eziphambili ze-apricot nokulwa nazo

Naphezu kokumelana okuphezulu kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Dessert ezilwaneni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola izihlahla njalo ukuze ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokuqala zezifo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezingalimaza izitshalo:

• I-Plum moth. Amakhethini, ukudla uginindela wezithelo, kunganciphisa izithelo. Ukulwa nabo, maphakathi noJulayi, kufafazwa i-Entobacterin ene-0.5%.
• Leafloader. Entwasahlobo, amacimbi adla amaqabunga amancane namahlumela. Fafaza izitshalo ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avule ngeNitrafen, ayixutshwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-2%.
• Ama-aphid. Lesi sinambuzane, esincela ujusi emaqabungeni, esinesilonda esiningi senza buthaka izihlahla. Ukucutshungulwa, iMetaphos iyasebenza ekuqoqweni kwe-1.5%.

Igalari yezithombe: Izinambuzane ze-Apricot

Izifo eziphambili ze-apricot nezindlela zokulwa nazo

Phakathi kwezifo ezejwayelekile ezitholakala kwi-apricot Dessert, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:

• Cytosporosis. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sifo sokukhunta, ekuqaleni kwesibonakaliso, kusetshenziswa uketshezi lweBordeaux - 4%. Amagatsha onakalisiwe ayasikwa futhi ashiswe.
• Ukushiswa kwezimilo. Ngokuvamile kuvela ezimweni ezibandayo nomswakama ophezulu. Umqhele ufafazwa ngeTopazi, ususa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.
• Ibala elinsundu. Lesi sifo siholela ekomiseni amaqabunga, aqala ukuwa ngokushesha. Umuthi uphathwa ngokufafaza nge-Bordeaux ketshezi - 4%.

Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela izifo, ukuhlanzwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamaqabunga awile, izithelo, amagatsha. Ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu, ukuthungwa kwendle, nokususwa kwehaba kufaka isandla ekumelaneni nezifo zesihlahla. Kunconywa ukwenza ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ngesixazululo se-2% seNitrafen noma i-0.4% Kuprozan ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa. Ngenkathi yokukhula, ukufafaza ngeKuprozan kuyaphindwa, kanti nezisombululo ze-0.5% zePhthalazan neTsineba nazo ziyasetshenziswa.

Igalari yezithombe: Isifo se-Apricot

Isimo sezinhlobonhlobo Dessert Golubev kuya ku-apricot Dessert

Isazi sezolimo nama-Saratov nesazi se-horticulturist A. M. Golubev saqala ukwenza inqubo yokuzalanisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-70-80s yekhulu leminyaka edlule, sikhula ngezithombo ezivela ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobonhlobo ezalethwa kusuka eningizimu.

Ngenxa yalokho, wakhetha izinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile, ezazithola amagama okusebenza kaDessert noCanning. Baphenduka abanikeli bezinye izampula - uKolobok, uFarole, Original. Ukuqeda ukudideka nokukhethwa kwe-Dessert yama-Apricot okukhona eVenyaminov, u-Alexander Mikhailovich uqambe kabusha izinhlobonhlobo zakhe waba uDessert Golubev. Lolu hlobo lomuntu onikelayo ludlulisa ukunambitheka kwangempela nezithelo.

I-Dessert yama-apricot ehlukahlukene, etshalwe emotishini yasehlobo nasezindlini zasekhaya ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, izokhiqiza izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo ezivuthwa ngqo esihlahleni. Ngokukhethwa okufanele kwezinto zokutshala nenhlangano yokunakekelwa, kuzothuthukiswa inani eliphakeme lokusinda kanye nokuvunwa okuhle.