IPomegranate ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezithelo zesimo sezulu esingaphansi komhlaba, eyethulwa kuleso siko kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isatshalaliswa kabanzi noma kuphi lapho kunemhlabathi efanelekile kanye nezimo zezulu zalesi sitshalo. Amapomegranati nawo akhula ngokuphumelelayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia endaweni evulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenye yezitshalo ezidumile zasendlini ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zamapomegranate, okufaka nezimbali eziphindwe kabili zemibala ehlukene.
Izinhlobo zamapomegranate, izimfanelo zabo eziphambili kanye nezimpawu zezinto eziphilayo
Esigabeni samanje se-botanical, amapomegranati angawomndeni wakwaDerbennikov, ngaphambi kokuba kaningi abelwe umndeni ohlukile wePomegranate.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu zamapomegranate:
- ipomegranati yasendle, ikhula kuphela eY Yemen esiqhingini saseSocotra futhi ayisetshenziswa emasikweni nganoma iyiphi indlela;
- ihalananda elivamile, elisakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseMedithera naseNtshonalanga Asia ezingadini nasezindaweni zasendle, enezithelo eziningi ezihlakulelwe nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa;
- Ihalananda le-dwarf luhlobiso oluncane lwepomegranate ejwayelekile, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlangene baziwa kakhulu njengeplanethi yendlu emhlabeni wonke.
I-Pomegranate yisihlahla esincane esinezihlahla eziningi noma esihlahleni esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama. Kaningi, amagatsha awo emaphethelweni anezinhlaka ezibukhali, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezikhula endle. Amacembe aluhlaza okhanyayo, mncane, aze abe amasentimitha ayi-8 ubude aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-2 ububanzi. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, amapomegranati aziphatha njengesitshalo esihlala sikhona; endaweni engaphansi ebandayo enobusika obubandayo, amaqabunga awo awindla. Ngokwesiko lasekamelweni, amaqabunga epomegranati angagcinwa unyaka wonke noma awele ubusika uwonke noma ingxenye yawo, kuya ngokushisa nokushisa kwekamelo.
I-pomegranate isitshalo esiyisithelo esibalulekile kwizimo sezulu ezifudumele
Izimbali zokuqala nezithelo ziqala ukuvela ezitshalweni ngineminyaka emithathu. Izimbali zinde kakhulu, enkundleni evulekile kuqala entwasahlobo futhi kuhlale cishe ihlobo, kanti izimbali ezizimele zodwa zingavela ngisho nasekwindla yokuqala.
Izinhlobo eziningi zasendlini zamapomegranate ngokunakekelwa okuhle zingaqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke.
Izimbali zamapomegranate ziza ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- insimbi eyenziwe ngaphandle kwe-ovary, engatheli izithelo futhi iwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- umgodi obunjwe nge-ovary ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yesithelo esizayo, kuvela kulezi zimbali lapho emva kokuvuna isivuno sezithelo sekwakhiwa.
Izithelo zamapomegranate zikhula kusuka kuzimbali ezine-ovary ebonakalayo.
Iphomegranati yasendle kanye nezinhlobo zayo eziningi zezithelo zinezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zalo zokuhlobisa zibomvu, zimhlophe, noma zibomvu-zibomvu. Ezitshalweni zasendle nasezinhlotsheni zezithelo, izimbali zilula, ngezindlela zokuhlobisa zilula noma ziphindwe kabili.
Njengomthetho, izimbali eziphindwe kabili azakhi izimbali zamapomegranate.
I-Pomegranate isitshalo esizihlanza sodwa. Cishe izinyanga ezi-4-5 zidlula ukusuka ekuqhakaza izimbali kuya ekuvuthweni kwezithelo, ngoba kudingeka isivinini sokushisa somoya esiphakeme okungenani esingu-25 ° C.
Izithelo zamapomegranate zivuthwa izinyanga eziningana.
Isithelo samapomegranate sihluke ngokuphelele esakhiweni saso futhi sibizwa nge- “pomegranate” ku-terminology yesayensi yesayensi. Lezi zithelo zinokwakheka okuyindilinga okunomqhele onjengomqhele ohlangothini oluphambili nesiqu. “Izinhlamvu” eziningi ezidliwayo zamapomegranate - imbewu yayo, ngayinye izungezwe ungqimba lwamapulangwe amnandi - ifihlwe ngaphansi kwekhanda elinobomvu obomvana noma obomvu obumnyama. Lawa "okusanhlamvu" avame ukuba bomvu obomvu, kwezinye izinhlobo akhanya abomvu noma apinki. Izithelo zezindlela zokwenziwa kwamapomegranate ukunambitha zi-acidic, zinoshukela futhi zimnandi futhi zimuncu. Zivuthiwe sekwephuze kakhulu, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nasifunda kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zivame ukwehla ngqo esihlahleni, ikakhulukazi ngokuswela umswakama.
Izithelo zamapomegranate zivame ukwehla ngqo esihlahleni.
Isisindo esijwayelekile sezithelo zamapomegranate ngezindlela zamasiko cishe ngama-200-250 amagremu, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezinhle kakhulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, izithelo zifinyelela isisindo samagremu angama-500-800 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15-18. Ngokwesiko lezimboni, isivuno sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-30-60 wezithelo esihlahleni esisodwa noma esihlahleni. I-pomegranate ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ezimweni ezinhle ithela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe zingagcinwa isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziningana endaweni ephansi yokushisa egumbini elomile elinomoya omncane.
Umsuka wamapomegranati kanye nezindawo eziphambili zokukhula kwawo
Izwe lamapomegranati yiTurkey, iTranscaucasia, i-Iran, i-Afghanistan ne-Asia Ephakathi. Lesi sitshalo besilinywa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi sasakazeka kuyo yonke iMedithera. Izinhlobo zasendle zitholakala eningizimu yeYurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Manje ihalananda likhule cishe kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esingezansi.
Emazweni aseMedithera, ihalananda likhula ezingadini futhi livame ukugijimela endle
Ngokwesitshalo esingaphansi komhlaba, amapomegranati aqine kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zawo amelana namafrimu wesikhathi esifushane aze afike ku-15 ° C ngaphandle komonakalo. Kepha sekuvele ku-18 ° C Ingxenye yonke yomoya ihamba iye entanjeni yezimpande, futhi ngesithwathwa esibi kakhulu izitshalo ziyafa ngokuphelele.
I-pomegranate kakhulu futhi ibekezelela kakhulu isomiso, kepha ukuthola isivuno esikhulu sezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kudinga umswakama owanele. Endaweni eyomile ngaphandle kokunisela, izitshalo ngokwazo ngeke zife, kodwa izithelo zazo zizoba zincane futhi ziqhekeke.
Amapomegranate angakhula emhlabathini ompofu, kepha awubekezeleli inhlabathi kasawoti, amazinga aphakeme omhlaba kanye nokubanjiswa kwamanzi.
Ihalananda likhula kanjani endle
Esigabeni sokukhula kwayo kwemvelo, amapomegranati atholakala engxenyeni engezansi yebhande lentaba, emithambekeni yamatshe, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinhlabathini ezinesihlabathi nesiwubhu emisebeni yemifula yezintaba. Ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, ihalananda likhula esihlahleni; phezulu ezintabeni kuthatha isimo sesihlahla.
Khula ihalananda eYurophu
Ihalananda likhula kabanzi kuwo wonke amazwe aseMedithera aseYurophu njengesitshalo sezithelo nezokuhlobisa ingadi. Amapomegrisi amaningi eSpain, e-Italy, naseGrisi. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zendabuko, izindlela ezihlukile zokuhlobisa zamapomegranati ngezimbali ezibomvu, ezimhlophe noma ezinezimbali ezibomvana, ezivame ukuphindwe kabili, zithandwa kakhulu lapha.
Ezinhlobisweni zokuhlobisa izimbali zamapomegranate ziphindwe kabili
Ngenkathi ngivakashele eNyakatho ye-Italiya, ngamangala kakhulu ngokubuka kwamabhasi emapomegranate ezivandeni zedolobhana lapho. Zitshalwe zenzelwe ubuhle cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kepha kwabaphathi abaningi izihlahla zamapomegranate ezikhula ngaphandle kokunakekelwa zazinokubukeka kabi kakhulu: ziphathisiwe, ziphuzi, zinezimbali ezingahleliwe. Kuzo kuphela ezinye izingadi ezilungiswe ngokukhethekile lapho ebone khona izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamapomegranati, enobumba obungenamikhono futhi obukeka kakhulu.
Ukukhula ihalananda eCentral Asia
IPomegranate ivame ukutholakala eCentral Asia, ikakhulukazi eTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan naseTajikistan. Lapha ngesinye sezilimo ezithandwa kakhulu engadini, kulinywe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zasendaweni ezinezithelo ezinkulu zokunambitheka okuhle. Engxenyeni engezansi yemithambeka yezintaba, kuyatholakala futhi amabhomu asendle, avame ukuthatha ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Ukuvuthwa nokuvunwa kwenzeka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ngaphandle kokukhosela, amapomegranati angakhula kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu. Ezingadini eziningi zase-Asia Ephakathi, izihlahla zamapomegranate ebusika zigobile phansi, zimbozwe ngotshani nangobubanzi bomhlaba amasentimitha angama-20-30.
Emvelweni, ihalananda lasendle livame ukukhula ngesimo sesihlahla.
Khula ihalananda eCaucasus
I-Pomegranate idume kakhulu futhi isikhule isikhathi eside kuwo wonke amazwe esifundeni saseTranscaucasian - Georgia, Abkhazia, Armenia nase-Azerbaijan. Izinhlobo eziningi zasendaweni ezinezithelo ezinhle kakhulu zakhiwe lapha, amapomegranati e-Armenia nawase-Azerbaijani adume kakhulu. Kuvunwa ngo-Okthoba. Ezinye izindawo zisathola izihlahla zamapomegran zasendle. Esendaweni engasogwini engasogwini enobusika obuthambile kakhulu, ihalananda likhula njengesihlahla futhi lifihla kahle ngokumangalisayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, ezivandeni zothango, lapho ubusika bubanda kakhulu khona, izihlahla zamapomegranate zigobeka emhlabathini futhi zimboze ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi.
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwehalananda eRussia nase-Ukraine
E-Russia, ihalananda likhula ngempumelelo futhi lithela izithelo emhlabathini ovulekile ezindaweni ezimbalwa eziseningizimu kuphela ezinehlobo elishisayo nelobusika obufushane obufushane:
- engxenyeni eseningizimu yeDagestan;
- ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Krasnodar Territory;
- eCrimea.
Amapomegranati nawo atshalwe ezivandeni zesifunda soLwandle Olumnyama e-Ukraine.
Amapomegranate akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo eCrimea
ECrimea naseKrasnodar Territory, ukuqhuma kwamapomegranati ngoMeyi, izithelo zivuthwa ngo-Okthoba.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kukhule ihalananda ezindaweni eziphansi
I-Pomegranate isitshalo eseningizimu, kuthi maphakathi neRussia ikhule kuphela egumbini noma esikweni lokugcina ukushisa.
Kodwa-ke, kwelinye lamagumbi engadi kwi-Intanethi kunolwazi oluvela kumlimi we-amateur ovela esifundeni saseMosesi, lapho isihlahla esincane samapomegranati sisinde ngempumelelo ebusika eminingana endaweni ebusika. Ekwindla, wakha "indlu" ngaphezulu kwesitshalo kusuka kumathayi emoto amaningi abekwe phezulu komunye, uyimboza nge-lapnik evela phezulu futhi ngaphezu kwalokho uyifaka ngeqhwa. Kepha umnikazi uqobo uyavuma ukuthi ihalananda lakhe alikaze liqhakaze futhi cishe alikho, ngoba lesi sitshalo asinakho ukushisa okwanele kwehlobo kwentuthuko ephelele.
Ihalananda likhula kanjani ekhaya
Kunhlobonhlobo umqhele wamapomegranate wekhaya. Lezi zihlahla ezincane azivamile ukukhula ngaphezu kwemitha eyodwa; ukuphakama kwazo okuvamile cishe ngamasentimitha angama-70 ezitshalweni ezindala. Amaqabunga mancane, ngokukhanya okuhle emakamelweni afudumele, angagcinwa unyaka nonyaka. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma ngokuswela ukukhanya, amaqabunga aqala ukuwa.
Uma i-pomegranate yangaphakathi iwabeke ngokuphelele amaqabunga ebusika, kungcono ukuyihambisa egumbini elipholile elinokushisa okungaba ngu-+ 6 ° C (ongafriqisi ongaphansi komhlaba noma egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba elinomoya omncane owenele) ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo namanzi angabinayo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ngesikhathi sobusika obubandayo besimo esingenamaqabunga, ihalananda elingaphakathi livuka ngoMashi - Ephreli. Okokuqala, amaqabunga avela, futhi cishe inyanga emva kwalokho, kuvela izimbali zokuqala. Izimbali zihlala kuze kube uSepthemba - Okthoba.
Ehlobo, kuyasiza kakhulu ukubeka i-pomegranate yangaphakathi emoyeni ovulekile, endaweni ekhanyayo evikelwe emimoyeni kuvulandi noma engadini.
Izithelo zepomegranate azidluli amasentimitha angama-2-3. Ziyakwazi ukudliwa, kepha ukunambitheka kwazo kungukuhlobana okuningi, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zasengadini. Lezi zithelo zingagcinwa emagatsheni izinyanga, zihlobise umuthi wamapomegranati kakhulu.
Omakhelwane bami efulethini lakudala babenekhophi enhle yegundane lasekamelweni efasiteleni. Kwakuyisihlahla esihle sabantu abadala esidlula ukuphakama kwamamitha, sikhula ebhodweni elincane elilingana nomthamo wamalitha amathathu. Kwakumi efasiteleni lewindows elikhulu eliqhakazile egumbini efudumele futhi lihlotshiswe ngezimbali nezithelo unyaka wonke. Ekwindla nasebusika, ingxenye yamaqabunga yayisakhubazekile, kepha kwakukhona inqwaba yamagatsha, futhi isihlahla sigcine ukubukeka okuhle ebusika bonke.
I-Pomegranate (ividiyo)
Iphomegranate isitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi asifuni kakhulu ukunakekelwa. Kulezo zifunda lapho iqhwa lasebusika lingavumeli ukukhulisa izihlahla zamapomegranati engadini endaweni evulekile, kuhlale kunethuba lokuthola ihalananda elincane elingaphakathi endlini, likhula kahle embizeni yezimbali ejwayelekile efasiteleni.
