Iphayinaphu isithelo esidumile sasezindaweni ezishisayo, okutshalwa ngaso ekhaya kuyanda kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zezwe lethu. Kepha lolu siko luyathandeka futhi lufunwa yizimo, ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukutshala kahle, udinga ukuzijwayeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana hhayi kuphela nemithetho yokuziphatha kwalo, kepha nokukhethwa nokulungiswa kokutshala impahla,
Ukutshala uphayinaphu ekhaya
Ungatshala uphayinaphu ekhaya ngezindlela ezimbili - ngembewu nangokusebenzisa phezulu. Ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngemithetho eyisisekelo yendlela ekhethiwe yokufika.
Ukutshala Imbewu Yophayinaphu
Uma ufuna ukutshala uphayinaphu usebenzisa imbewu, kungakuhle ukuyithenga esitolo. Iqiniso ngukuthi eningi lezimbewu ezithengiswayo, akunazithombo nhlobo, noma zincanyana futhi zingafundeki ngakho-ke azifanelekile ukutshala. Kepha naka imbewu - imbewu esezithelweni ozithengile isengasasebenzi, ngoba ingahle ilungele ukuhlwanyelwa.
Imbewu yepayinaphu elungele ukuhlwanyelwa, isicaba, umhlanga, inombala onsomi obomvu futhi ifinyelela ubude obungu-0.3-0.4 cm
Kaphayinaphu, amathambo asepulpini ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Uma zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo futhi zingatshalwa, bese uzisusa ngokucophelela ngommese bese uzihlikihla ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate (1 g ngama-200 ml wamanzi), bese ususa, zomile ethawula iphepha bese uqhubeka nemicimbi yangaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
- Ukugcotshwa. Beka impahla enomswakama (indwangu kakotini noma amaphakethe kakotini) phansi kwesitsha noma epuletini. Beka amathambo phezu kwayo bese uwamboza ngaphezulu ngento efanayo yomswakama. Faka indawo yokusebenza endaweni efudumele amahora angama-18- 24. Imbewu kufanele ivuvukale kancane.
- Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini. Gcwalisa ithangi lokutshala ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi se-peat kanye ne-peeled (kufanele zithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo), thambisa inhlabathi futhi utshale imbewu kude ne-7-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, uzijulise ngo-1-2 cm.
- Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, qiniseka ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu noma ngengilazi nendawo endaweni efudumele.
Isikhathi sokuvela kwezithombo sincike emazingeni okushisa: uma kungu-+ 30 ° C - + 32 ° C, khona-ke imbewu izoqhuma emavikini angama-2-3, uma kubanda kakhulu ihlumela lizovela ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-30-45.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kokutshala kuthambisa isikhathi ngokulinganayo nokufaka umoya omncane njalo (amaminithi ayi-10 ngosuku). Lapho kuvela izithombo ezingama-3-4 eduze kwezithombo, amahlumela kufanele atshalwe emabhodweni ahlukile. Njengoba izithombo zisezingeni elifanayo, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa indlela yokufakelwa.
Amahlumela wophayinaphu kufanele aqoqwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthuthuka okufanele
- 2 amahora ngaphambi kokufakelwa, nisela inhlabathi kahle.
- Ngaphansi kweziqukathi ngazinye ezinomthamo we-0.5-0.7 l, beka izinto zokudonsa (3-4 cm), bese ugcwalisa ngomhlabathi (Peat (1 ingxenye) + humus (1 ingxenye) + isihlabathi (1 ingxenye) + yenhlabathi yengadi (1 ingxenye) + ingxenye)) bese uyithambisa.
- Maphakathi nesitsha ngasinye, yenza umgodi ujule ngo-2-3 cm.
- Susa ngokucophelela ihlumela kumthamo ophelele (ukuze kube lula, ungasebenzisa isipuni) bese usibeka emgodini, usakaza izimpande.
- Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, uyihlanganise, namanzi.
- Mboza okutshalekile esikhwameni nendawo endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo.
Ukutshala indawo ethengisa uphayinaphu (phezulu)
Uma ufuna ukukhula uphayinaphu ngale ndlela, bese ucabanga ngokucophelela ukuthenga izithelo "zikamama". Zama ukukhetha isithelo esisha ngaphandle kwezinkinga (izilonda, ukubola, njll). Hlola futhi okukhishwe ngamagqabha: kufanele kube okusha, ukubekezelela amandla, okuluhlaza ngombala futhi kube nomongo obukhoma, ongonakalisiwe.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kophayinaphu, kufanelekile ukunaka isikhathi sokuthengwa kwayo. Uzoba nethuba eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhula uphayinaphu uma uthenga izithelo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ehlobo, noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Uzoba nethuba elincane lokuthola isitshalo esisha kaphayinaphu, othengwe ebusika, ngoba kulokhu izithelo zivame ukuba semoyeni obandayo neziphepho zawo zibandiswe.
Okuphezulu okulungele ukutshala kumele kube okusha futhi kube nesikhungo esisebenzayo.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukhethe futhi uthenge izithelo ezifanele, ungaqala ukutshala phezulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza le nqubo, futhi ungakhetha okukulungele kakhulu.
Indlela 1. Ukufaka phezulu ngaphandle kokubhula
1. Usebenzisa ummese obukhali, ohlanzekile, unqume ngokucophelela i-apex ngenkathi ubamba ingxenye yengane engu-3 cm ngaphansi. Uma uphayinaphu uvuthiwe, ungasusa phezulu ngokuwubamba ngesandla esisodwa bese ujikisa nesithelo ngesinye. Ngemuva kokuthi ususe phezulu, susa yonke inyama, ngoba ingenza ukuthi okutshalile kubole. Susa futhi wonke amaqabunga aphansi ukuze uthole isiqu esingu-2,5-3 cm ubude.
Susa ngokucophelela inyama ukuze ugweme ukubola kwe-apex
2. Yikhipha amagciwane ezingxenye ngokuwafafaza ngamalahle ocushiwe (kulokhu udinga ukuchoboza amaphilisi ama-1-2) noma uwafake imizuzu eyi-1 kusixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink potassium permanganate (ukuze uyithole, uchithe u-powly osesihlwini sommese (1 g) ku-200 ml wamanzi). Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, ungakhohlwa ukusula isiteki ngethawula lephepha.
3. Beka isipikili izinsuku ezingama-5-7 endaweni eyomile, emnyama, umoya okuyo kufanele ube lokushisa kwasekamelweni. Ukugwema ukuthintana okuphezulu nezindawo eziphakemeyo, kungakuhle ukuthi ulengiswe kwi-twine noma intambo eqinile.
Phezulu uphayinaphu kufanele womiswe endaweni eqondile
4. Lungiselela ibhodwe elinomthamo wamalitha ayi-0,5 - 0,7. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ibhodwe elincane, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe okungenani eyodwa ubukhulu obunqenqemeni bayo obukhulu ngokwedlula ububanzi. Yenza imbobo yokudonsa kuyo, uma ingekho, bese uyibeka epanini. Ngezansi, faka ungqimba (2 cm) wezinto zokudonsa (ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amahle). Gcwalisa imbiza ngenhlabathi (ukwakheka: isihlabathi (1 ingxenye) + i-peat (1 ingxenye) + umhlaba we-turf (1 ingxenye) noma i-peat (izingxenye ezi-2) + i-coniferous humus (1 ingxenye) + yenhlabathi yengadi (1 ingxenye) Uma kungenzeka, lungiselela ingxenye engaphansi enjalo cha, ungasebenzisa umhlabathi we-cacti). Thela amanzi abilayo phezu kwenhlabathi kakhulu ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Umhlaba weSodoma, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat - izakhi zokuphoqelela zenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yepayipi
5. Gudluza inhlabathi, wenze umgodi kuyo ngokujula kuka-2,5-3 cm bese ufafaza phansi nge-0.5 tsp. namalahle ahlanganisiwe.
6. Faka ngokucophelela ingaphezulu emgodini, ulifafaze ngomhlaba kuze kube ngaphansi kwamaqabunga angaphansi, bese uphonsa kahle bese unisela inhlabathi.
7. Mboza okufika ngefilimu, isikhwama sepulasitiki noma usibeka ngaphansi kwengilazi bese usibeka endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo, kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo zokuthuthuka ezinhle kakhulu zikaphayinaphu, kufanele zibekwe "endaweni ebamba ukushisa"
Njengomthetho, ukubangelwa kwe-apex kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Uma i-apex iba nezimpande, ekugcineni kwalesi sikhathi kuzovela amaqabunga amasha enkabeni yayo.
Indlela 2. Ukulengisa okuphezulu nge-rooting
1. Susa okungaphezulu, ususe inyama bese ushiya amaqabunga kuyo, ukuze isilinda esingenalutho esingu-2,5 -3 cm sisinde.
2. Gxilisa izingxenye ezisebenzisa i-potassium permanganate noma i-carbon esebenze.
3. Ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, sula ingaphezulu endaweni eyomile, emnyama endaweni yokushisa yegumbi.
4. Thatha ingilazi, uthele kuyo amanzi afudumele kuyo bese ubeka ingxenye ehlanziwe engaphezulu kwe-3-5 cm kuyo. Ukuyilungisa, ungasebenzisa amazinyo noma usike umbuthano wekhadibhodi. Beka ingilazi endaweni ekhanyayo efudumele, ongayifaka efasiteleni. Izimpande zivame ukuvela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi engilazini kufanele aguqulwe isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ingaphezulu lingadluliselwa ebhodweni lapho izimpande zifinyelela kubude obuyi-2 cm.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angama-2-3 ukususa i-apex
5. Lungisa imbiza uyigcwalise ngenhlabathi efanelekile.
6. Kumhlabathi omanzi, yenza umgodi ujule ngo-2-3 cm bese ubeka ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lawo, uqaphela ukuthi ungazilimazi izimpande. Fafaza ngenhlabathi emaqabunga aphansi.
7. Tamp namanzi kahle futhi.
8. Mboza ukufika kwesikhwama sepulasitiki bese usibeka endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile.
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, ngingasho ukuthi izitshalo ze-rooting inqubo esebenzayo, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha ukuthi izinto zokutshala ziyasebenza noma cha (lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kuphayinaphu, kepha futhi nokusika kwezilimo zezithelo ezahlukahlukene, njll.), Kanye nawe emva kwalokho, akudingeki uchithe isikhathi unakekela isitshalo esonakalisiwe noma usifaka ebhodweni. Lapho kukhula uphayinaphu, ngibuye ngincome ukubamba lo mcimbi, ikakhulukazi kulabo bantu ababengenalo ibhizinisi ngaphambili ngakho-ke bengaphuthelwa okuthile ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokulungiselela. Uma okuphezulu kungathathi izimpande, khona-ke uyoba nesikhathi sokusibuyisela kwesinye, ngaphandle kokuphinda amaphutha enziwe ngaphambili, bese uthola isitshalo esihle. Futhi ngokuzayo, lapho ufunda ukwenza yonke into kahle, khona-ke ungatshala uphayinaphu noma yisiphi esinye isitshalo emhlabathini ngaphandle kokubangwa kwezimpawu, ngaphandle kokusaba ukuthi ngeke kube nezimpande noma ngeke kume.
I-Punaapple Rooting
Ukufakelwa okuphezulu
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, ngokukhula kaphayinaphu, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luyakhula, ngakho-ke kufanele ukuthi udlulise. Ukuze iphumelele, ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuthi unikeze isitshalo sakho ukunakekelwa okufanele, okuzoqinisa impilo yaso futhi kukuvumele ukuthi uhambise "ukuthutha" ngokucindezela okuncane.
Ngemuva kokubeka okuphezulu emhlabathini, kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kwefilimu izinyanga eziyi-1.5 - ezi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, uphayinaphu udinga ukufakwa umoya omncane (amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku imizuzu eyi-10) ufafazwe ngamahlamvu 1 isikhathi ngeviki, ngoba uphayinaphu uthola umswakama kuwo. Ukunisela kunconyelwa ngokulingana kuphela uma umhlaba womile. Labo abanokuhlangenwe nakho kukhula kukaphayini kusuka phezulu, bekululeka ukuthi ungagcwali emhlabathini kuphela, kodwa nangosokisi uqobo. Futhi, uma kungenzeka, zama ukuguqula ifilimu noma ukusula ingilazi, ngoba ukuqina (amaconsi) avele ayingozi emaqabungeni futhi, uma efika kuwo, kungadala ukuba abole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungawanaki umanyolo. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa izengezo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, diammofosku) ngesilinganiso se-10 g nge-10 l lamanzi. Abaphezulu kufanele bondliwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, ukutshala kumele kunikeze inani elanele (hhayi ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-12), elikhanyisela isibani se-fluorescent.
Ukufakelwa phezulu kwaphayinaphu kwenziwa ngonyaka owodwa ngemuva kokutshala. Kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisela, ngoba iyona esindisa kakhulu uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngale njongo, musa ukunisela uphayinaphu izinsuku eziningana. Lapho umhlaba womile ngokuphelele, susa lesi sitshalo kanye nesixha somhlaba wasifaka ebhodweni elinomthamo wamalitha ayi-1.5 - 2.
Usebenzisa i-transshipment, ungasusa isitshalo ebhodweni ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande zaso.
Ukulungisa imbiza nokutshala okufanele kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Faka ungqimba (amasentimitha angama-3-4) wezinto zokudonsa phansi ezansi kwembiza.
- Thela inhlabathi ungqimba lwamanzi (ungasebenzisa leyo oyifakile ngokushesha).
- Maphakathi nendawo, beka phezulu ngenqwaba yomhlaba.
- Gcwalisa izindawo ezingenalutho eduze kwezindonga zembiza ngenhlabathi, amanzi kahle bese ubeka uphayinaphu endaweni enelanga.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukutshala uphayinaphu akuyona inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha amalungiselelo wokulungisa izinto zokutshala adinga ukunakwa nokunemba, ngoba impilo yesikhathi esizayo yalesi sitshalo incike ekutheni yenziwa kahle kangakanani futhi kanjani. Landela zonke izincomo ngokucophelela, futhi imiphumela oyifunayo ngeke ibe yinde ngokuzayo.
