Emashumini eminyaka edlule wekhulu leminyaka edlule, isayensi yokuzalela ingakakakhiwa njengoba injalo nanamuhla. Ubufakazi balokhu ngumbala wokuqothuka kwe-Vera yaseSiberia, eyavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-80s. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okukhona kuqala futhi okuphezulu, kepha ezinye izici zayo kunesizotha. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini i-raspberry Vera eyikho, udinga ukumazi kangcono.
Umlando okhulayo
URaspberry Vera (ifomu lokusebenzela elithi hybrid form 2-541) watholakala e-Altai Territory eSiberian Research Institute of Horticulture eqanjwe ngemuva M.A. Lisavenko ngokuwela izinhlobo ezaziwayo: (Kaliningrad x Kuzmin News) x Barnaul. Le nhlobonhlobo yaqedwa ngo-1985, yafakwa kubhaliso lokufezekiswa kokuzalwa kabusha kweRussian Federation ngonyaka we-1989, yaqokelwa esifundeni iCentral Earth Earth, ezifundeni zaseVolga-Vyatka naseWest Siberian. Kwezinye izifunda, i-Vera ayibhebhetheki, futhi "ezindaweni zakhe" azisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Incazelo nezimpawu zama-raspberries Vera
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Amajikijolo aqhakaza eshumini lesibili likaJuni, amajikijolo aqala ukuvuthwa cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqhakaza, maphakathi noJulayi.
Isihlahla sinamandla wokukhula okuphakathi, okusasazeka. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kokudubula kungamamitha ayi-1.8. Iziqu ziqonde ngompondo ogobekile, oguqukayo, ogoba kalula emhlabathini ngaphandle kokwephulwa. Amahlumela embozwe amaqabunga kanye spikes eziningi ezondile futhi ezithambile ubude. Amandla wokudubula ukwakheka alungile.
Amabha okusajingijolo Vera wokuphakama okuphakathi, okusasazeka ngokwamanqamu, kumbozwe ngamahlamvu ngeziqu
Amajikijolo mancane futhi aphakathi nendawo - anesisindo esingu-1.8-2.7 amagremu ansomi. Ifomu labo liyisiwula. I-boning of drupes ibuthaka, okuholela ekuphulweni kokwethembeka kwamajikijolo ngesikhathi sokuqoqa nokuhamba. Ukutholakala komkhiqizo akulungile.
Amajikijolo e-raspiberi Vera angusayizi ophakathi - amagremu 1.8-2.7, omfushane, onsomi
Ukunambitheka kunambitheka futhi kumuncu, okwejwayelekile, ngaphandle kwamathoni we-dessert, kutholwe i-tasting score of 3.5 amaphuzu. Inhloso yemikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe.
Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu (89-129 kg / ha) futhi kuzinzile; 1.6-2.0 kg yezithelo zingasuswa esihlahleni esisodwa ngokunakekelwa okuhle. Ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kwenza ukuthi kuqoqwe cishe ama-70% ezitshalo lapho kuvuniwa kokuqala.
Isithelo se-raspberry Vera siphezulu, sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili esihlahleni ngasinye, amajikijolo avuthwa kanyekanye
Ukumelana neqhwa kuphansi, kuqhuma iqhwa futhi kudinga indawo yokukhosela. Izinhlobonhlobo azinakubekezelela isomiso.
Ukukholwa kungazinzile ekuboneni okububende. Mayelana nokungatheleleki kwezinye izifo encazelweni akukhulunywa. Ukumelana nokudubula inyongo i-midge kuyinto enkulu futhi yezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba lesi sinambuzane singadala umonakalo omkhulu kuma-raspberries.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
I-Raspberry Vera inezinzuzo eziningana, ezifana:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- amajikijolo awawi emithini,
- ama-spikes acinene futhi athambile (angaphazamisi ukuvuna);
- amahlumela aguquguqukayo okulula ukuwakha indawo yokukhosela ebusika;
- ukumelana nomonakalo nge-shoot gall midge.
Izinhlobonhlobo futhi zinobunzima, nansi uhlu lwazo:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi, amakhishi adinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika;
- ukungabikhona kwesomiso;
- Izimpawu zokunambitheka eziphakeme ngokungenamkhawulo zezithelo zokusetshenziswa okusha;
- buthakathaka obunamabhola angenamandla;
- ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle;
- ukungazethembi kokubona umbala onsomi.
Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Vera raspberry zikhiqize kakhulu futhi zivuthwe zakuqala, kepha iziphikisi zayo ezibalulekile, njengokuthengiswa okuphansi kwemikhiqizo nokukhuthazela okunganele, kwenza iVera ingasebenzi kubantu abalimi. Kungenzeka bangasiboni isizathu sokubekezelela ukushiyeka kwayo ngenxa yezinzuzo ezikhona.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
I-raspberry Vera ayidingi noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bezolimo futhi ikhule ngendlela efanayo nezinhlobo eziningi zama-raspberries engadi akhethiwe wasekhaya. Kunezici ezimbalwa lapho uhlakulela lokhu okuhlukahlukene, kepha udinga ukwazi ngazo.
Ukufakelwa
Lapho betshala izinhlobo zeVera, bahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-raspberry. Khetha indawo evulekile yelanga. Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu evundile noma ekhanyayo elula enesakhiwo somoya-namanzi. Amajikijolo ngeke akhule on nenhlabathi acidic futhi swampy.
Isikimu sokutshala iVera sikhethwa ngokuya ngendawo ye-raspberry. Uma ama-single plantings ahlelwayo, ungafaka isicelo se-bush bush, ubeka izitshalo kude kumamitha ayi-1-1,5. Endaweni enkulu, ungasebenzisa isikimu sethiphu (60-70x1.5 m).
Ezindaweni ezinkulu, ama-raspberries uVera otshalwe ngemigqa ngokuya ngohlelo 60-70x1.5 m
Amajikijolo angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Imigodi yokutshala kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-40x40x40 cm, ifakwa umxube ngenhlanganisela ye-humus noma komquba nomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus. Inhlabathi egcwele inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala ifakwe izinto ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukusikwa kwamahlumela akhula phambili, ukususwa kwamahlumela nokugqwala kwezihlahla kwenziwa njengokujwayelekile kwama-raspberries, athela izithelo amahlumela aneminyaka emibili ubudala. Njengoba i-Vera ingavimbani neqhwa futhi ibanda, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe endlini yakhe ebusika. Kunemithetho eminingana okufanele uyilandele lapho ulungiselela ama-raspberries obusika:
- Ukuthungwa kweziqu kusenziwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kungcono kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Uma wenza lokhu ngaphambi nje kweqhwa, amahlumela angaphuka.
- Ngaphambi kokulungiselela ama-raspberries ebusika, wonke amaqabunga asele kuwo asuswa amahlumela.
- Thatha inqwaba yeziqu (ungazibopha) bese ubopha itshe elinesisindo okungenani esingu-1 kg noma omunye umthwalo. Enye indlela yokulungisa amahlumela kungaba ukuyikhonkotha ngezingwegwe emhlabathini noma ukubopha izihloko zez amahlumela kusisekelo sezihlahla eziseduze ezinama-loops.
Ungalungisa amahlumela we-raspberry agobekile ngezindlela ezihlukile: bopha iziqalo zeziqu ezisekelweni sesihlahla esingumakhelwane noma uziphine ngezingwegwe phansi
- Lapho ukhula ama-raspberries ku-trellis, ungawubopha ngocingo oluphansi, kuyilapho ukuphakama kweziqu ezigogekile akumele kube ngaphezulu kwama-25 cm.
- Uma ubusika bungenalo iqhwa, khona-ke kungcono ukumboza amahlumela alungiselelwe nge-agrofibre. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ozimele bokhuni noma bensimbi.
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obuncane obusika obunamaqhwa, izihlahla ezilungiselelwe zimbozwe nge-agrofiber zisebenzisa ozimele
I-Raspberry Vera ayimelani nesomiso futhi idinga umswakama owanele ngesikhathi sokukhula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunisela izitshalo ngesikhathi sokumiswa nokugcwaliswa kwamajikijolo. Ukunisela kungenziwa ngokufafaza (kusuka kwi-hose), emiseleni noma ngendlela yokudonsa. Lapho usebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela zokudonsa, amanzi alethwa ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande, futhi iziqu kanye namajikijolo kuhlala kumile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama odingekayo womhlabathi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ugweme ukudala indawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukuthambisa kwangaphambi kobusika kuyimpoqo.
Lapho ama-raspberries eniselwa ngenkimbi yokudonsa, amanzi angena ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo
Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo, i-Vera ngokwesiko yondliwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini. Njenganoma iyiphi enye i-raspberry, i-Vera idinga i-nitrogen kakhulu (kodwa kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo). Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu ubonwa ngokusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organic organic ngesimo sezinkukhu zokufaka umquba (ilitha eli-1 elicwiliswe kumalitha angama-20 amanzi) noma umquba wenkomo (1 ilitha ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Yenza i-3-5 l yesinye sezixazululo nge-1 m2. Uma kungekho omanyolo we-organic, i-urea ingasetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu. Futhi ngenkathi yesithelo, kufakwa umquba we-potash ne-phosphorus.
Ividiyo: indawo yokuhlala okusajingijolo ebusika
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Incazelo ehlukahlukene ayivezi isilinganiso sokumelana kwayo nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu, kukhona ingozi yokuhlula ama-raspberries Vera izifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane.
Ukuvimbela ukubona amabala onsomi nezinye izilonda
Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokuba semathubeni kokubona amabala onsomi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuthi ubhekisise lesi sifo ngokuningiliziwe. Ukubuka amabala kuyisifo sokukhunta okubangelwa yi-pathogen Didymella applanata Sacc., Ngakho-ke lesi sifo sinegama lesibili - didimella. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibonakala amahlumela minyaka yonke ezindaweni zokunamathiswa kwamaqabunga ngesimo sezindawo ezinamabala ansundu, okuthi kamuva zikhule futhi zikhonkothe sonke isiqu. I-Necrosis ivela emaqabunga, ama-petioles kanye namagatsha ezithelo, okuholela ekutheni kumiswe izitho ezithintekile.
Ngesifo se-raspberry, ukubonwa kwamapunga onsomi (i-didimella), amabala we-lilac-brown avela amahlumela wonyaka
Izindlela zokulawula i-Agrotechnical ziyancishiswa ekubhujisweni kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezinegciwane, ukuncipha kwesikhashana kokutshala, ukunisela okulungile ngaphandle kokweqa ngokweqile. Kwamakhemikhali, ukufafaza nge-1% Bordeaux fluid ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuyasebenza. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela afike ku-20 cm, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngokushesha emva kwawo, kusetshenziselwa i-zethule chloride (3-4 g / l) noma i-Bordeaux.
Ukuvikela ukutheleleka nezinye izifo, izindlela ezilandelayo zizokwanela ngesikhathi esifanele:
- Ukuvikelwa kohlelo lwempande kusuka ekulimaleni kwemishini (awukwazi ukumba ujule futhi ukhulule inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla).
- Ukukhula raspberries endaweni eyodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-7. Buyela kumasayithi amadala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-4.
- Ukusika ngesikhathi kanye nokubhujiswa kwama-sterilised, alimaze futhi atheleleke amahlumela.
- Ukulawula ukhula.
- Sebenzisa ukukhiqiza kabusha kuphela izinto zokutshala ezinempilo.
- Yilwa ngesikhathi esifanele nama-aphid adlulisela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- Ungavumeli umswakama ugube kuma-raspberries.
- Kufafaza izitshalo ngomunye wamakhemikhali (1% Bordeaux ketshezi, i-chloride yethusi, iKhom, i-Abiga-Peak) ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna.
Ividiyo: ungabhekana kanjani nokubuka umbala onsomi
Encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo, ukumelana kwayo kuphela ne-shoot gall midge kubonisiwe. Ngokunokwenzeka, izinambuzane ezisele zesitshalo zingathinteka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwazana nabamele kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ithebula: Izinambuzane Ezingaba khona ze-Raspberry Vera
| IGAMA LESIBILI | QAPHELA IHARM | IMIHLA YOKUGQIBELA |
|---|---|---|
| Okusajingijolo kanye sitrobheli weevil | Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, kubeka amaqanda ngaphakathi efihlekile futhi nokuququda kwe-peduncle. Amabhajethi ayawa noma afile asala elenga kwi-peduncle. | Izinsuku ezingama-5-6 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna, kufafazwe ngezidakamizwa i-Alatar, iFufanon, i-Inta-Vir noma i-Iskra-M, i-Actellik |
| Ibhungane okusajingijolo | Ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa kwama-buds kuyawadla, kanye nokulimala kwamaqabunga nezimbali. Iza amaqanda emaqandeni amancane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwesisindo esiningi, zingabhubhisa kuze kube ngama-30% ama-raspberry efihlekile nezimbali. | |
| Okusajingijolo ukudubula aphid | Kusakazeka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Izimpi emaphethelweni amahlumela nama-inflorescence. Amahlamvu alimile aqothuka, amahlumela asontekile, izimbali zomile. Uphethe izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane | |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Kubonakala esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo, kumunca ujusi kusuka emaqabungeni bese uyawabhincisa ngama-cobwebs. Kuvela amabala amhlophe emaqabungeni, ayoma bese awa. Esikhathini esomile, ukulahleka kwezitshalo kungafinyelela ku-70%. | Ukunisela ngesikhathi ngesikhathi nesomiso kanye nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga athintekile kuyizindlela zokuvimbela. Ukuze kuliwe nemikhaza, kusetshenziswa uFufanon, ama-Akreks, ama-Actellik nezinye izinambuzane. |
Igalari yezithombe: Izilokazane Ezijwayelekile Ezijwayelekile
- I-raspiberi-sitrobheli elimaza izihlahlana kanye nokuququda kwe-peduncle
- Ibhungane okusajingijolo lidla ama-buds bese lifaka amaqanda kuma-ovari amasha
- Okusajingijolo ihlumela ahlala aphid emikhawulweni amahlumela kanye namaqabunga bese sucks le ujusi kubo
- Isicabucabu sidla amaqabunga bese sizilambisa ngama-cobwebs
URassberry Vera akaxoxiwanga ezinhlanganweni zabalimi; akukho ukubuyekezwa okusele ngaye. Izinhlobonhlobo zikude kakhulu nokujwayelekile futhi, mhlawumbe, ngalesi sizathu azithandwa. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ezithuthukisile ukusebenza ziye zavunwa. Ngokunokwenzeka, i-raspberry Vera ayimelani nokuncintisana nabo futhi kancane kancane iyancitshwa kuma-raspberries aseRussia. IVera iyi-raspberry ejwayelekile engadini. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyathela izithelo, kepha ezimeni zezifunda lapho zakhiwe khona, azinakukhuthazela okwanele, zidinga umzamo omningi lapho zikhula futhi zingafani nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngakho-ke, okungenzeka kakhulu, okusajingijolo i-Vera - lo ngumlando wokukhethwa ezifuywayo.
