I-Anthurium noma injabulo yabesilisa ibamba iso lakho ngokubonga kuma-inflorescence amahle kakhulu, apendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo yombukwane: obomvu, onsomi, ophuzi, opinki. Amaqabunga acwebezelayo e-anthurium nawo ahlobisa, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngohlaka lwamathambo. I-Anthurium ithathwa njengesitshalo esingenakukhathazeka, kepha ngenxa yokuqhakaza okuhle nokukhula idinga izimo ezithile. Uma isitshalo sakho sinokubonakala kobuhlungu, hlaziya amaphutha okuqukethwe bese uwasuse, uqondiswa izeluleko zethu.
Izimo ezikhula kahle
I-Anthurium yathutha emafulethini ethu isuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke yayisetshenziselwa ukufiphaza. Indawo enhle kakhulu efulethini kuye kuzoba ngamafasitela amafasitela asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Amazinga okushisa akhula kahle yi-16-20 ° C ebusika no-20-25 ° C ehlobo.
I-Anthurium iyisithandwa esikhulu somswakama. Njengezitshalo eziningi ezishisayo (i-azoculcas, i-monstera, i-calla) enenhlabathi ephezulu nomswakama womoya, abanturium bayakwazi "ukukhala" ngenxa yama-pores akhethekile emacembe. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kukho konke okudingayo ukwazi isilinganiso. I-substrate engonakalanga eyomile futhi eyomile izohola ngokushesha ukubola kwezimpande nokufa kwesitshalo.
Inhlabathi ye-anthurium, njengakuma-epiphytes amaningi, kufanele ibe lula, i-acidic kancane. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kwenhlanganisela ekhethekile eyenziwe eyenziwe nge-renid.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izingxenye ze-anthurium, njengezitshalo eziningi zomndeni we-aroid, ziqukethe ujusi onoshevu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwuhlukanisa nezingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Igalari: imibala ehlukahlukene yezimbali ze-Anthurium
- ISpaluacia emhlophe i-Anthurium White Hart ngeke ishiye ukunganaki
- UViolet Anthurium Fiorino une-inflorescence elula ye-laconic ebukeka emuhle kakhulu eshumini sezimbali
- I-Anthurium Black Queen inokubukeka kwasekuqaleni - njengoba ihlumela livula, imbali ishintsha umbala wayo usuka ku-cherry uye ucishe ube mnyama
- Izimo zothando zizothanda i-exhuru eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Anthurium Princess Alexia Blue
- URed Anthurium Andre ungukhokho wezinhlobo zesimanje ze-Anthurium
Amaphutha Amakhulu Wokunakekelwa
I-Anthurium ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esingathandeki, kepha amaphutha ekukhuleni angambulala. Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaqonda ngazo ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngesitshalo sakho.
Ithebula: izifo eziphambili ze-anthurium nezimbangela zazo
| Izimpawu | Izizathu | |||
| Isifo | Izinambuzane | Izinkinga zokudla | Ezinye izizathu | |
| Amaqabunga aphuzi | - | Isicabucabu mite, aphid | I-Chlorine Emanzini Wokunisela |
|
| Amahlamvu aba mnyama | - | - | Ikhalori eliningi emhlabathini |
|
| Amabala ansundu kumaqabunga | Septhemba, ukugqwala | Ama-aphid | - |
|
| Amabala amnyama kumaqabunga, amashubhu ansundu | - | Isihlangu | - | - |
| Amabala ansundu ngensingo ephuzi | Septhemba | - | - | - |
| Tshala omile | Anthracnose | - | - | Ukuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini noma emoyeni |
| Amachashazi amnyama kumaqabunga | - | Ama-Thrips | - |
|
| Izikhala zombala onsundu onsundu emaqabunga | Ukulimala okufika lapho | - | - | - |
| Amaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba |
|
| Izinduna ngamaqabunga | - | - | Ukunisela ngokweqile | |
| I-Spider web kumaqabunga | - | Isikhala sesicabucabu | - | - |
| Amahlamvu aguquka | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba |
|
| Izindawo ezimhlophe ze-chlorotic emaqabungeni | "> I-Peronosporosis | - | - | - |
| Izimbali / amaqabunga amancane | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela emhlabathini | Ukunisela okunganele |
| Isiphuzi esiningi, ukufa kwamaqabunga noma ukubola kwezimpande | I-Fusarium wilt | - | - | Umswakama oqhubekayo oqhubekayo |
| Kushiya | - | Ama-aphid | - |
|
| Kushiya ubala | Septhemba | Isihlangu, ama-thrips | - | - |
| Amaqabunga "ekhala" ngemuva kokunisela | - | - | - | Inhlanganisela yokuchelela okuningi nomoya omanzi (guttation) |
| I-plaque emhlophe kumaqabunga | I-Powdery hlobo | - | - | - |
| I-Pinkish plaque entanyeni yezimpande | I-Fusarium wilt | - | - | - |
| Amahlamvu aguquliwe | - | Ama-Thrips | - | - |
| Amaqabunga ahlutshiwe | - | - | - | Umoya omile |
| Amaqabunga anamathelayo | - | Isihlangu | - | - |
| Izimbali ziphenduka ziluhlaza | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba | - |
| Izimbali ziyoma | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwezakhi emhlabathini | Umoya omile |
| Esihlahleni sobhontshisi | - | Isihlangu | - | - |
| Akhuli | - | - | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba |
|
| Isitshalo siyavuma | - | Ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-thrips | Ukuntuleka kwamantongomane | Ukunisela okunganele |
| Imbali ayimanzi | - | Ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-thrips | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba | - |
| Kuboshwe umgqomo we-Anthurium | I-Fusarium wilt | - | - | Ukunisela ngokweqile |
| Iphuzu lokukhula okujikelezayo | I-Fusarium wilt | - | - | Ukunisela ngokweqile |
| I-Anthurium ibuna | - | - | - |
|
| I-Anthurium ayiqhakaza | - | - | - |
|
| Umlenze we-Anthurium umnyama | - | - | - | Ukunisela ngokweqile |
| Isitshalo siwohloka | Mycoses | - | - | Ukunisela ngokweqile |
| Ukukhula kancane | Ukulimala kwezinambuzane nezifo | Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya | |
Amaphutha ekunakekeleni i-anthurium kaningi akunzima ukulungisa (ukuhlela kabusha isitshalo kusuka ebhethri, amanzi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, ukondla, shintsha i-sill yewindows, njll.), Kepha ukubhekana nezifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane akulula kangako.
Izifo zokukhunta
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-anthurium isitshalo esithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke, inethuba eliphezulu lokuthola i-mycoses. Lezi yizifo ezidalwa isikhunta ezincane kakhulu ezithanda indawo enomswakama.
I-Downy mildew (i-peronosporosis)
Emacembe ama-anthurium avela mhlophe, amabala aphuzi, ajwayelekile kakhulu kubalimi. Ukhukhamba luvame ukuthinteka ngalesi sifo. Ngemuva kweshidi, ukwakheka kwama-grey spores kuvame ukubonwa.
Umthombo walesi sifo esijwayelekile ukhunta oluncane kakhulu, oluthinta kakhulu umswakama womoya. Isimo esiyinhloko sokususa le fungus yesinambuzane ukwehla komswakama womoya ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-fungicidal wesenzo sokuxhumana (i-Topaz, Acrobat).
Ukugqwala
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga e-anthurium. Izindawo ezi-rusty chlorine ziyavela ngaphandle, futhi ukwakheka kwespin okusebenzayo kwenzeka ezansi. Njengasesimweni se-Downy hlobo, indlela enkulu yokulawula nokuvimbela ukugqwala kwamaqabunga ukugcina umswakama omningi womoya. Nge-prophylaxis, i-fungicides yamagciwane ingasetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, i-Albit, Alirin, Fitosporin.
Iqabunga le-Anthurium elithintekile nokugqwala kumele liphathwe nge-fungicide
I-Fusarium wilt
Lolu hlobo lwe-mycosis luvimbela isitshalo sonke. Isimo sokukhunta sokufisa i-anthurium sinikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa okumhlophe okwe-pinkish okwakheka entanyeni yezimpande. Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo izinhlobo zezikhunta ze-genus Fusarium (Fusarium).
Ngeshwa, ukutheleleka kweFusarium kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi amanzi nomoya. Futhi izinhlayiya zesikhunta zilukhuni ngokweqile futhi zimelana nokushisa okuphezulu namakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, into ephambili ekulweni nokutheleleka kweFusarium ukuvikela, ngokwesibonelo, ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa ze-antifungal Gliocladin enhlabathini. I-systemic fungicides Vitaros, Rovral, Fundazol nayo ikhombisile ukuthi ilungile ekulweni ne-fusarium.
I-Fusarium wilting icindezela sonke isitshalo
Septhemba
Lesi sifo esijwayelekile sokukhunta sivela emaqabunga anezindawo ezinamabala ansundu, achazwe ngokuqinile yigreyini ephuzi. Ngokuzayo, ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga nokufa kwesitshalo kwenzeka. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwelashwa kwe-anthurium ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-fungicidal yethusi (i-Bordeaux liquid, i-sulfate yethusi, i-Kuproksat).
Amabala ansundu ngumbala ophuzi kumaqabunga e-anthurium - uphawu lwe-septoria
Anthracnose
Esinye isifo se-anthurium, esinemvelo yokukhunta. Amaqabunga aqala ukoma futhi abe mncane. Izindawo ezomile ezinsundu zingavela emaphethelweni noma phakathi kwepuleti leqabunga. Uma izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingathathwanga, lesi sitshalo sizokoma ngokushesha futhi sife ngokushesha.
Nge-anthracnose, amaqabunga e-anthurium aqala ukoma emaphethelweni.
Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-fungicides e-systemic (Fundazole, Acrobat, Ridomil Gold). Kuyadingeka futhi ukuphatha inhlabathi lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinhlaka zokukhunta ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukusindisa i-anthurium, izitshalo ezisele ngaphakathi kufanele zivikelwe. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zilukhuni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke imbiza ephumayo idinga ukubalwa. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kuzofanela ususe izitsha ezinjalo.
Ukulimala okufika lapho
I-Anthurium ayithinteki kakhulu ngokulimala sekwephuzile, lesi sifo sisathinta kakhulu izitshalo ezi-solanaceous. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uma ubona amabala amancane wombala onsomi onsundu emaqabungeni, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo. I-Phytophthrosis iba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ithinte uhlelo lwezimpande, ingene lapho isitshalo sisafa.
Inketho enhle yokulawula ukulimaza sekwedlule isikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides e-systemic. Phakathi kwabo kukhona uFitosporin-M, Fundazol, Alirin-B, Previkur. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukufaka inhlabathi esikhundleni, geza ngokuphelele izimpande ngaphansi kwamanzi, bese ushisa imbiza noma ungene esikhundleni esisha. Izimpande zingaphathwa nangesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Inambuzane
Iziqu ezinamaqabunga namaqabunga e-anthurium kungukudla okwanelisa kwezinambuzane eziningi ezinambitha. Lesi sitshalo singathinteka ngama-aphid, ama-thrips, imikhonyovu, izibungu zesicabucabu.
Ama-aphid
I-"classic" parasite yengadi nezitshalo zasendlini. Amaqabunga aphuzi, agxotshwe noma asontekile ku-anthurium yizimpawu eziphambili zomonakalo we-aphid.
Ngokuthengisiwe kunenani elikhulu lamakhemikhali ukulwa nama-aphid, angathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile. Abadume kakhulu kubo ngu-Aktellik, Fitoverm, Akarin, Aktara. Ungasebenzisa futhi ikhambi lendabuko lama-aphid - phatha izitshalo ngesixazululo samanzi afudumele wesepha noma ukumnika ugwayi.
Ama-aphid amasha azalela ngokushesha kumaqabunga amnandi neziqu zezitshalo zasendlini
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Le arthropod yama-microscopic ayikwazi ukubonwa ngamehlo. Ubukhulu baso buyi-0.5-1 mm kuphela. Noma kunjalo, i-crumb enjalo ingakhipha ubunzima obuningi. Isicabucabu sidla ujusi wezitshalo zokubamba. Lapho ungenwe yisilokazane, i-anthurium iyayeka ukukhula ngendlela evamile, amaqabunga athintekile aphenduka aphuzi, okuholela ekuholeni kwesitshalo.
Kulula ukuxilonga i-spider mite lesion. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zifihla imfihlo ebukeka njengewebhu. Lapho kuvela isicabucabu emaqabungeni, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqeda imbangela yesifo. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngokugeza isitshalo ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukucubungula amaqabunga ngesinye sezinambuzane (iVertimek, iFitoverm, isi-Akarin, isibani). Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngokumboza isitshalo ngesikhwama sepulasitiki, bese usishiya ngaphansi kwesembozo amahora angama-2-3.
Ngeshwa, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4 ukukhula okuncane kuzoqandeka emhlabathini, futhi ukwelashwa kuzodingeka kuphindwe ngokohlelo olufanayo. I-Anthurium izodinga ukucutshungulwa ezinye izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokuphumula kwesonto.
I-spider mite ibonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
Isihlangu
Lezi zinambuzane ezincelisayo eziyingozi ziyinhlekelele yangempela yezitshalo zasendlini. Ama-Scaffolds avikelekile ngokwethembekile emathonyeni angaphandle yi- "carapace" ekhethekile, ngakho-ke akulula ukuwaqothula. Amabala abonakala esweni elinqunu. Zibangela ukuvela kwamabala amnyama emaqabungeni, ngokufisa nokufa okulandelayo kwesitshalo.
Uma ubona izimpawu zokulimala kwe-anthurium enamabala, beka lesi sitshalo "endaweni eyi-quarantine" ukuze singatheleleki abanye abaphilile.
Ukususa izikali, kuhlanzwa ngesandla kusuka emaqabunga neziqu ngendwangu ethambile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha isitshalo ngamakhemikhali akhethekile (i-Actellic noma i-Fosbecidum), silandela imiyalo. Qaphela - le mithi inobuthi! Kungcono ukungasebenzisi ukwelashwa endlini.
Isiqu se-anthurium, esithinteke yisibazi, sihlanza ngendwangu ethambile
Ama-Thrips
Encane, hhayi enkulu kune-1 mm, izinambuzane eziphuayo. Izimpawu zokusunduza kwabanturium ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nezifo ze-aphid. Lawa ngamaqabunga aphela, ophuzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kweqabunga ungabona amachashazi amnyama amnyama.
Indlela eyinhloko yokubhekana nama-thrips ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinamakhemikhali akhethekile. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izingcezu zesitshalo ezithintwe yizimbunguzi. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi ulahle ingaphezulu lengaphezulu, ngoba ingaqukatha amaqanda ama-thrips. Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kwenziwe kaningana: ukwelashwa kwe-3-4 ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10.
Ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu, kunconywa ukufafaza izitshalo esikhwameni sepulasitiki, ungakushiya unjalo amahora angama-2-3. Lokhu kuzovumela ama-etch thrips asezingeni eliphakeme.
Igalari: izigaba ezihlukile zokuthuthuka kwe-thrips kanye nezimpawu zokulimala kwesitshalo
- Izitshalo azihlushwa nje kuphela ama-thrips amadala, kodwa futhi nezibungu zazo kanye nama-nymphs
- Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ama-thrips angakwazi ukuphinda inani labantu bawo ngezinsuku ezingama-4-6
- Izimpawu eziphambili zokuphonsa kwe-anthurium: ukuqothuka ngokushesha, uphuzi kanye namahlamvu afayo
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwabanturium
Noma ngabe i-waturium ilahle konke amahlamvu, lesi akusona isizathu sokuwususa.
Ukuphila i-Anthurium Rhizomes Kusengavuselelwa
Okokuqala, kufanele uthole ukuthi yini edale isimo esidabukisayo - ukunakekelwa okungafanele, ukugula, noma izinambuzane. Okulandelayo, yenza okulandelayo:
- lahla umhlaba ongcolile, ngoba kungenzeka uqukethe izinhlobo zesikhunta noma amaqanda ezinambuzane;
- vula imbiza ngokwelashwa okushisa, ubilise imizuzu emi-5 emanzini nge-soda.
Uma ungazenzi lezi zinqubo zokuvimbela izifo, amaqabunga amadala akhulayo we-anthurium azoba umuthi owamukelekayo wamagciwane asanda kubanjwa.
Isifo esilethwa ngumhlabathi singabhubhisa isitshalo esibuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhubaza inhlabathi entsha nganoma iyiphi indlela engenzeka:
- Ukwelashwa komusi. Inhlabathi ibekwe ocingweni olufushane lwamanzi phezu kwamanzi abilayo imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Le ndlela yesikhathi, kepha isebenza kakhulu.
- Ukubanda. Inhlabathi igcinwa emazingeni aphansi okushisa isonto, bese ilethwa egumbini elifudumele lokuncibilikisa. Le yinqubo ende futhi kulula ukuyenza ebusika lapho ungasebenzisa i-balcony njengefriji.
- I-potassium permanganate. Le yindlela yabavila. Konke okudingeka ukwenze ukuze uchithe inhlabathi ngesixazululo se-raspberry se-potanganum permanganate bese ulinda imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi yomile.
Izigaba eziphambili zokuvuselelwa kwe-anthurium
- Isigaxa esishiywe singenawo amaqabunga okubulala amagciwane kufanele simbozwe imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengu-40 potassium potanganum permanganate, bese sibekwa amahora ama-3-4 kwisisombululo seKornevin. Umuthi uvusa ukukhula kwezimpande, uqukethe ama-phytohormones anomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Le nqubo izovumela i-Anthurium ukuthi ibhekane ngokushesha nengcindezi yokufakelwa futhi iqongelele amandla ukukhula kwamaqabunga amasha.
Isitshalo esiphathwa ngeKornevin (ngakwesokudla esithombeni) sakha izimpande eziningi ezintsha
- Ngenkathi i-rhizome "icwilisa", kuyadingeka ukulungiselela umhlabathi omusha wesitshalo. Ungasebenzisa izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo ze-aroid noma ulungiselele isigatshana ngokwakho. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula ngokwanele, iqukethe i-peat, i-sphagnum, i-vermiculite, namalahle kanye namagxolo. I-Sphagnum ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi ayigcini nje ngokugcina umswakama, kodwa futhi inezakhiwo ezingama-bactericidal. I-Biohumus izonikeza inhlabathi nge-microflora edingekayo. I-Vermiculite iqongelela umswakama okweqile futhi inikeze isitshalo njengoba kudingeka. Umhlabathi futhi udinga "ukugcwaliswa" ngamanyolo wezimbali zasendlini.
I-Sphagnum, i-vermiculite ne-peat, ethathwe ngenani elilinganayo, yakha isisekelo sengxube yenhlabathi ye-Anthurium
- Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-rhizome ingatshalwa ebhodweni enomhlabathi olungiselelwe. Fafaza izimpande nge-substrate, uthepha ngobumnene ukuze inhlabathi ihlanganiswe. I-Anthurium ayikwazi ukujula ngokujulile, intamo yezimpande kufanele ihlale ngaphezu kobuso be-substrate.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo, akudingekile ukunisela i-anthurium, kwanele nje ukufafaza ingaphezulu lomhlabathi. Kungcono ukumboza imbiza ngesikhwama sepulasitiki; ingasuswa lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile.
Uma inqubo yokuvuselela i-yabanturium yenziwa kahle, khona-ke emva kwesikhashana kuzovela amaqabunga amancane avela ku-buds elele
Ividiyo: Imithetho Yokudlulisela i-Anthurium
I-Anthurium izizwa imnandi ngezimo zamafulethi ethu. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngezidingo zakhe futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuvikela izifo ezingabakhona. Uma unakekela isitshalo ngendlela efanele, khona-ke i-anthurium izokujabulisa ngezimbali eziqhakaze ngemibala engafani nhlobo unyaka wonke.
