Kukhona izihlahla eziningi eziqhakaza kahle eziqhakaza izimbali. Uma ubuza abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo abangasibiza ngokuthi sihle kakhulu, iMontenegro, Kashkara, Draptan, Shkery neLedum ngokuqinisekile bazowela kwabayishumi abaphezulu. Futhi ngaphansi kwawo wonke la magama kukhona owaziwa futhi othandekayo owaziwa ngama-Rhododendrons amaningi. Entwasahlobo, ukuqhuma kwama-rhododendrons kuyahlaba umxhwele ngezimpawu zawo zokuhlobisa. Uhlobo lwalezi zitshalo zasendulo lususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kwe-1000, lapho kutholakala izinhlobo zezinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili. Zihluke kakhulu, ziqabile futhi zihlala ziluhlaza, zihlala zinezindawo ezihloniphekayo emasimini ethu nakumakamelweni ehlobo.
AbakwaRododendrons bangabomndeni wakwaVereskov. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, lezi zihlahlana eziphakeme ngokungafani zingawashiya amaqabunga noma zihlale zihlala zihlala zihlala ziqinile.
Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi ezinamadwala, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezingadi kanye nezingadi zamatshe. Imvamisa lezi zitshalo zakha iziqhingi eziqhakaza otshanini: zitshalwa ngazinye futhi ngamaqembu. I-Rhododendrons ibukeka kahle kuma-mixborder.
Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo izitshalo zoju. Lolo nje uluju, olutholakala kubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ludliwe - luyingozi
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo, amahlumela awo angaba ama-pubescent noma angabi nalutho. Amaqabunga awafani kuphela ngosayizi, kodwa nangesimo. Zingahlala phansi noma zinamathiselwe kumagatsha anama-petioles. Kaningi zinesimo se-ovoid, singaba lesikhumba noma i-pubescent.
Ubuhle bonke balesi sihlahlana bugxile ezimbalini zawo. Ayikhanyi nje kuphela, kepha futhi inamakha, inesikoroli esikhulu sesimo esingajwayelekile futhi yenza ama-inflorescences ngesimo sesihlangu noma isambulela. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbali ziba zodwa, kepha zihlale ziheha futhi zinhle kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zombala wazo ziyakhanga: kusuka kumhlophe qhwa kuze kube nsomi. I-Rhododendrons ijabulisa ngezimbali ezibomvu, ophuzi, onsomi nezimbali ezipinki.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zasezintabeni
Izintaba ezintabeni yilawo ma-Rhododendrons akhula phezulu ezintabeni. Akujwayelekile kakhulu ezivandeni zethu. Ukukhula ngempumelelo futhi ukuqhakaza, kufanele kudlule isikhathi esinzima sokuncomeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezincane, ezifinyelela kuphela imitha ukuphakama, zingatshalwa ezingadini zamadwala.
Imvamisa, iKamchatka, i -hlanga, ubomvu, mude ngokulinganayo, amaCanada, aminyene, anezinwele eziqinile futhi ezigudle ama-rhododendrons asetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso. Uma ubukhulu bengadi yamadwala buvumela, khona-ke bangakwazi nokuhlalisa izitshalo ezinde kakhulu ezizokumangaza ngezimbali ezahlukahlukene, kodwa ezihehayo njalo. Lezi yizinhlobo eziphuzi nezaseJapan, kanye nama-Rhododendrons aseLedebour naseSchlippenbach.
I-Deciduous Kamchatka shrub (Rh. Camtschaticum)
I-Kamchatka rhododendron ifinyelela ku-35 cm kuphela ukuphakama. Kutholakala e-Kuril Islands, Kamchatka nase Sakhalin, eSiberia. Lesi sitshalo sinikeze amaqabunga amancanyana afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Iqhakaza ngoJuni ngobukhulu obukhulu, obungu-4 cm, izimbali ezinombala obomvu noma obomvu we-pink. Zikhula ngazinye noma emabhulashini ahlukene wezimbali ezi-2-5. Zitholakala emigudwini emide embozwe ngamabhulashi nezinwele.
IKamchatka rhododendron yinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali: ingumhlobiso wangempela wengadi yamatshe nengadi. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1800
Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela isithwathwa kahle. Izindawo ezinamatshe anesithunzi ezinama-humus amasha futhi athambile ajwayelekile kuye. I-Kamchatka rhododendron ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala kweqembu nokwenza imingcele.
ILedum enhle yaseSiberia (Rh. Ledebourii Pojark)
Abahlali bendawo babiza i-Rhododendron kaLedebur ngokuthi irosemary noma i-maralnik. Emvelweni, kutholakala eziNtabeni ze-Sayan noma e-Altai. Le shrub eyi-semi-evergreen efomini elitshaliwe ikhula ngamamitha ayi-1-1.80 ukuphakama.
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ekuseni kakhulu, ngakho-ke amagatsha aso avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhluthisa ubusika. Izimbali zayo ezinkulu kunalokho zinuka i-resin futhi zinombala we-lilac-pink.
I-Rhododendron Ledebour ibizwa nge-semi-evergreen, ngoba ebusika lesi sitshalo sigcina amaqabunga awo amaningi. Kodwa-ke, uma ubusika bomile futhi bubanda, inani lamaqabunga awelayo lingakhuphuka.
I-shrub ikhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi ezingashayelwa ngumoya, kepha zibonakaliswa umswakama ophezulu. I-lead yaseSiberia ivame ukwakha amathanga angokoqobo osebeni lwamatshe emifula nasezintabeni. Uthanda umakhelwane namahlathi emisedari aqabulayo nanqabile.
I-Fontgrant Pontic Azalea (Rh. Luteum, noma Azalea roptica)
I-Pontic azalea, i-bacon yaseTurkey ne-stupor ephuzi onke angamagama e-Rhododendron ephuzi efanayo. Lesi yisitshalo esikhulu, ukuphakama kwaso kungamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Ebusika, amaqabunga e-Pontic azalea (i-yellow rhododendron) ayawa, kuthi uma ngoMeyi eqala ukuqhakaza futhi, kuqhakaza imbali enhle yalesi sitshalo
I-pontic azalea izokujabulisa ngezimbali ezinkulu ze-orange noma eziphuzi, zifinyelele ku-5 cm ubukhulu. Bakha i-inflorescence efana nesambulela. Isambulela ngasinye singaba nezimbali ezi-7 noma eziyi-12. Inyanga yonke lesihlahla somhluzi simbozwe izimbali, zizoqala ukuwa ngoJuni kuphela. Ikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme zeCaucasus futhi kwesinye isikhathi itholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu.
I-Rhododendron Caucasian (Rh. Caucasicum)
Ngefomu elitshaliwe, lesi sihlahla somhlaba saqala ukukhula ngo-1803 kuphela. Lesi sitshalo esihlala sihlala sinamaqabunga ansundu akhonjwe emaphethelweni. I-Caucasian rhododendron ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama. Endle, ikhula eduze kwamasimu eqhwa endaweni engaphansi kweCaucasus.
I-Caucasian rhododendron ibukeka kahle ngesimo semingcele, isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia kuze kube seSt
Izimbali zaso zinobubanzi obungaba ngu-4 cm, ngesimo sazo zibukeka njengezinsimbi noma amalangabi angajulile. Imvamisa imhlophe noma ukhilimu, ingaba namabala aluhlaza kancane ebusweni bawo bangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezipinki futhi zingamafomu anezimbali ezipinki. Amaqanda abo, ama-pedicel kanye nama-calyx ambozwe ngezinwele ezinombala ogqwala. Izimbali ziqoqwa kumabhulashi wezingcezu eziyi-8-12.
Lesi sihlahla sikhula kancane. Prefers izindawo ezinomthunzi nezomile. Ngakho-ke, emapaki nasezivandeni, kufanele ibekwe emakhoneni omanzi nawenombala omncane. It isetshenziswa kokubili kokukodwa kanye neqembu.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zaseDaurian (Rh. Dahuricum)
Abantu bendawo bavame ukubiza ama-Rhododendron Daurian amahle endawo ama-maralnik, ama-bagul noma ama-rosemary. Amahlumela walesi sitshalo ebusika kwesinye isikhathi atholakala ngokuthengiswa. ILedum ibekezelela kahle ubusika, iqhakaza kakhulu futhi ikhula ibe ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Ebusika, ingxenye yamaqabunga ayo iyawa, kanti enye ingxenye ingahlala komunye unyaka.
Emvelweni, i-Daurian rhododendron itholakala eMpumalanga Ekude nase-Altai, e-Eastern Siberia nase-Sayans
Amagatsha amadala ale shrub agobile futhi abe nombala grey ngokungafani namahlumela amancane ansundu. Umqhele wayo uhlotshiswe ngezimbali ezingashani zombala we-lilac-pink. Afinyelela amasentimitha amathathu ubukhulu. Ama-Ledum blooms noma ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga noma ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvela kwawo. Amacembe ayo anephunga eliqinile.
Lesi sitshalo, ngokungafani nezinye izihlahlana zezinhlobo, sithanda ilanga futhi sikhula esifundeni esomile. Uma ukukhanya kunganele, ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla ngeke kube yinto enhle kangako. Ngokwesiko, iLedum ijwayelekile ukufika eNhlonhlo yeKola. Emithini yabomdabu, lesi sitshalo saziswa ama-arbutin, uwoyela obalulekile nama-tannins aqukethe kuwo.
Iphiko Elimhlophe LaseTibet (Rh. Adamsii Rehd)
"I-White Wing" yaseTibetan ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-shrub ephansi yephunga - i-Adams rhododendron. Sikhula sifinyelela kuma-30-60 cm kuphela. Amaqabunga awo aminyene ahlala ebusika kumagatsha. Banephunga elimnandi, indawo ebushelelezi nenqubo emhlophe emhlophe. Uhlangothi lwabo lwangemuva limbozwe isikali futhi linombala onsundu.
Amathanga e-Adams rhododendron atholakala ezintabeni ezinamadwala, emadwaleni, e-tundra, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eduze kwebhande lehlathi, engxenyeni yayo engenhla
Izimbali zesitshalo zingumuntu opinki ophuzi, okhilimu noma opinki ogqamile, kepha ngaphandle kombala onsomi. Aqoqwe ngamabhulashi aminyene, anesimo sesihlangu, futhi atholakala kuwo kanye amathiphu wamagatsha. I-Adams rhododendron blooms maphakathi noJuni. Ukuqhakaza kwalo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi equkethe lime.
Ngokwemvelo, leli shrub lingatholakala eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia. Ukhetha isimo sezulu sakwelinye izwe.
UGolden Cashkara (Rh. Aureum Georgi)
I-Kashkara yegolide - izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezifika ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Amacembe ayo anendawo ecwebezelayo yesikhumba. Izihloko zazo zikhonjisiwe, futhi izisekelo zibukeka njengezagi. Anamathiselwe egatsheni esebenzisa ama-petioles amafushane. I-corolla yezimbali zalesi sitshanyana ububanzi ifinyelela ku-5 cm.
Amaqabunga aqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni, futhi ngoJulayi-Agasti athela izithelo. Izimbali zayo zisesimweni sensimbi ebanzi, ine-lobl elical. Baqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aluhlaza aqhakazile, futhi umbala wabo uphuzi ngokwegolide ngempela.
IGreen Kashkara shrub ikhula eSakhalin, Kamchatka nakulo lonke eliseFar East, ingatholakala eningizimu yeYakutia, eTransbaikalia, eziNtabeni ze-Sayan, e-Altai
Imvamisa, i-kashkara yakha amathokheni aminyene eduze komngcele ophezulu wehlathi. Itholakala phezulu impela - ukusuka kumamitha angama-800 kuye kwangama-2000 ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle ezigodini ezingaphansi kwealpine ne-alpine. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-Kashkara yegolide isetshenzisiwe emithini yesintu.
Izinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza ezihlala ziluhlaza
Ukukhethwa kwama-Rhododendrons ama-evergreen acishe aqine akhiqiza i-Weston (USA) enkulisa. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izitshalo ezingatheneki kakhulu. Naphezu kwezimo zokuphila kwabo eziphansi, lezi zihlahlana zinhle kakhulu kangangokuba zibizwa kahle ngokuthi ama-alpine roses.
Zikhula kancane. Ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu ngokwabo, ukukhula kwabo kungaphezulu kwe-6 cm, futhi endaweni ephakathi neRussia bakhula bangadluli ku-3 cm, kodwa bagatsha kahle. Lawa ma-Rhododendrons abukeka emuhle kakhulu, futhi izinganekwane zihamba nangokuthi azithobe.
Omunye wabo ulandisa ngaleli cala lapho isihlahla se-rody rhododendron sasihlala futhi siqhakaza iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Mhlawumbe lesi sitshalo, esasikhula ngaphansi kwesembozo sesihlahla sikaphayini, besingeke sidonsele amehlo uma ngolunye usuku isihlahla sikaphayini esidala singazange sigawulwe. I-shrub yaqhubeka ikhula futhi iqhakaza, yize iqiniso lokuthi izinga lokukhanyisa kwayo selishintshe kakhulu. Kepha kwizitshalo ezindala lokhu kuyingcindezi enkulu! Noma kunjalo, wakubekezelela lokhu kuvivinywa.
Ukuhlobisa i-rhododendron (Rh. Ferrugineum L.)
Le shrub iyaphawuleka ngokukhula kwayo okuphansi, amasentimitha angama-70 kuphela, nomqhele ohlungaxekile, ofinyelela kububanzi obuyimitha eyi-1. Ikhula emthambekeni we-Alps, ePyrenees nase-Apennines. Udinga ukuyibheka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500- 2800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukhetha amatshe eshubile.
Umqhele we-Rhododendron ogqwala uyasakazeka, futhi amagxolo awo anombala onsundu. Ngaphezulu kwayo, amaqabunga ama-ovoid anesikhumba aluhlaza ngombala, kanti ngaphansi kweqabunga kungathi kumbozwe ukugqwala
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, kamuva kunezinye izinhlobo. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Ukwakheka kwembali, lesi sitshalo sifana ne-hyacinth. Izimbali zalo zakha ama-inflorescence angama-6-10 kulelo nalelo. Azinkulu kakhulu, zinobubanzi obungama-2 cm kuphela, kepha zikhangwa yimibala yazo ebomvu ebomvu. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezimhlophe.
Isihlahla siyabekezelela kahle isithwathwa, siyazithoba ngokuphelele futhi sihlobisa kakhulu. Ikhula kancane, ikhula ngamasentimitha amathathu kuphela ngonyaka. Ingakhula nenhlabathi ezinenwele uma imbozwe ungqimba olunobuningi be-humus, kepha ikhetha eyodwa ene-acidic. Kuyisiko ukuyikhulisa emagqumeni e-Alpine, futhi iqembu layo noma ngisho nokutshala okukodwa kuzoba ngumhlobiso wensimu. Kusatshalaliswa imbewu, ukubekwa kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Unezinwele ezinde futhi ezihlala ziluhlaza (Rh. Hirsutum)
I-Rhododendron iyi-hairy ekhula ezindaweni eziseMpumalanga nase-Middle Alps nasezintabeni, ezitholakala enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeYugoslavia yangaphambili. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zentaba, yakha iziqu.
Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200 kuya kwe-1500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, izihlahlana zayo zingena ehlathini. Emvelweni, kuvame ukuhanjiswa nge-Rhododendron egqwala, kwakheka i-hybrid engathobeki.
Amahlumela amancane esihlahla esikhamba kancane esikhula kancane se-Rhododendron anombala obomvana, kepha njengoba ebudala baba mpunga
Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa enkabeni yeRussia, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, e-Urals nase-Altai, kanye naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kulula ukuyibona yi- "cilia", etholakala emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Le shrub ithanda ukukhanya, ikhula emhlabathini omncane we-alkaline nakuma-limestones, iyasaba umswakama owedlulele futhi iyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engama-50.
Lokhu kushibilika esihlahleni eziqhakaza njalo ngoJuni - Julayi. Izimbali zakhona aziziphunga, zinombala opinki noma omhlophe kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi. I-inflorescence ngayinye iqukethe izimbali ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi. Izimbali ngokwazo zide zifinyelele ku-1,8 cm ubude, kepha izisekelo zazo cishe zinde cishe kabili.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezihlala ziluhlaza
Onke lama-Rhododendrons aqhamuka eChina. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga amancane, isici sawo esihlukanisayo ukukhula okungaminyaka yonke kuka-1-3 cm kanye nomqhele we-looser. Isizathu sokwehluka okunjalo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa imininingwane yemisebenzi elanga esifundeni esikhulayo.
Okuhehayo (Rh. Keleticum)
Shono le Rhododendron yabizwa ngokuthi iyakhanga. NgoJuni, kuqhakaza kahle izinsuku eziyi-18 ezinezimbali ezinkulu ezibubende-ezibomvu. Lesi sitshalo esinwabuzelayo sinomqhele onobubanzi obungama-40 cm kuphela, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kuma-15 cm. Kubekezelela ukubanda kahle futhi kusinda ngaphansi kweqhwa. Lesi sitshalo sesaba into eyodwa kuphela - eba manzi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo, i-Rhododendron ekhangayo idinga inhlabathi emanzi, kodwa ikhanywa kahle, inenhlabathi encane. Kuma-alpine slides, ungukuthola kwangempela
Iqembu lama-Rhododendrons aminyene (Rh. Impeditum)
I-Dense rhododendron yiqoqo lezitshalo ezikhula ezihlahleni ezincane ezifana nomcamelo obukhulu. Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sihlahlana sifikelwa umuzwa wokuqhakaza nezimbali ezinezimbali ngazinye, kodwa, lapho sesivele sizinzile endaweni entsha, sithokozisa abanikazi baso ngokuqhakaza okuningi nokude.
Leli qembu lezitshalo alithandi ukuba manzi, libona ukugeza kwelanga kahle futhi linobunzima obuhlukile busika, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukuzala ama-Rhododendrons aminyene asetshenziswa ngentshiseko ngabachwepheshe abavela eJalimane naseCzech Republic. Futhi imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo ibajabulisa kakhulu abalimi baseRussia
Ukufiphaza okuhlobisa (i-Rh. Russatum)
Indawo lapho kuzalwa khona i-rhododendron blushing yiYunnan (China). Lesi sitshalo sakha futhi umcamelo kuze kufike kumamitha angu-80 cm ububanzi. Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yi-reddening, kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yoxhaka obomvu onsundu wamaqabunga alo e-lanceolate.
I-blododendron blushingron ikhula enhlabathini onomunyu, oswakanyiswe kahle kepha omisiwe futhi futhi izimpande zawo zisebenza kahle ezingadini zamadwala nasezivandeni zaseRussia
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngezimbali ezimnyama ezimpunga ezinomphimbo omhlophe. Azinuki futhi zenza ama-inflorescence amangalisa wezimbali ezi-4-5 kwisinye. Le shrub ekhula kancane ithanda ukukhanya kwelanga, ibekezelela ukubanda kubusika kahle.
Izinhlobo Ezinkulu Zesegreen
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo bezaziwa ngokuzalaniswa kwabafuyi iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Bazizwa belungile ezimeni zaseRussia futhi basatshalaliswa kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu. Zihlobisa kakhulu futhi zijabulela impumelelo efanelekile nabalimi.
Kulesi sigaba ngithanda ukugqamisa Izinhlobo ze-Katevbin (Rh. Catawbiense). Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo le Rhododendron ebusika obuhlala buqinile yiNyakatho Melika.Ngenxa yezinhlobo zeKatevba, kwaqala ukwenziwa i-hybridization of rhododendrons.
Isihlahla salesi sitshalo singafinyelela kumamitha amane ukuphakama. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu akusaseyona indawo yokubhula, kepha isihlahla sonke esingamamitha ayisithupha esinamaqabunga amade nezimbali ezinkulu kufinyelela ku-15 cm ububanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo, lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngezimbali ezimangalisayo ze-lilac-nsomi, ezifana nezinsimbi.
IKatevba rhododendron isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseNyakatho Carolina, eduze komfula iKatevba. Esikhundleni somfula, wabizwa igama lakhe
Le Rhododendron ibekezelela umthunzi kahle, kepha ithanda indawo ekhanya ngokucebile. Ikhula enhlabathini nenhlabathi enothile enama-acid amaningi ekhishwa kahle. Bekulisiko ukusukela ngo-1809, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emaqenjini nase-landning eyodwa.
I-Rhododendrons yehluke kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingandile ezidinga ukuvikelwa, ngoba emvelweni zaqala ukutholakala zincipha futhi zincane. Kepha zonke lezi zitshalo zihlanganiswe yikhwalithi eyodwa - ziyakhanga njalo, azikhathaleli futhi zifanelwe yisimo sokunaka kakhulu. Futhi-ke bayoba ngumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wanoma iyiphi ingadi.
Yazisa ukuqoqwa kwama-rhododendrons nama-azaleas aqoqwe eLeonardley Garden:
