I-Kolumneya - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, ukuzala kabusha, isithombe

I-Columnea (Columnea) - isitshalo esihlala sikhona esihlala sihlala njalo sivela emndenini wakwaGesneriaceae. Le mbali yavela emahlathini emvula ashisayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Imvamisa ikhula njenge-epiphyte, inamathela iziqu zemithi, amatshe kanye namakhambi amade. Amagatsha anamafutha, kepha abuthakathaka, aqondiswe phezulu, aqala ukushibilika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amahlumela asuka ku-30 ​​kuye kwangama-50 cm ubude ahlotshiswe ngamahlamvu amancane anjengomzimba. I-Columnae ikhula ngokushesha, inwebisa amagatsha ngo-0.5 m ngonyaka. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari nasekupheleni kukaMashi, izimbali eziqhakazile zokuqala zakhiwa kuzo, ezifana namabhu amancane noma inhlanzi. Imiphetho yamaphalishi imbozwe nge-fluff elula yesiliva.

Ezinye izinhlobo zingase ziqhakaze unyaka wonke. I-Kolumneya iyimbali engapheli, uma ingakhiwa kabusha ngesikhathi, ilahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa.

Izici eziwusizo zeKolumna

I-Kolumneya ikhipha izinto eziphilayo ezihlanza umoya wangaphakathi. Isimo somoya esiphilile sithinta umzimba kahle, sikhulisa umthamo wokusebenza kanye nokuxineka kwengcindezi. Isitshalo sokuqala esingumhlobiso sihlobisa ingaphakathi. Ukucabanga kwekholamu eqhakaza kukhipha imizwelo eyakhayo, kunciphisa izinga lokukhathazeka.

Nakekela ikholamu ekhaya (kafushane)

Ukuze ikholamu izizwe ikhululekile ekhaya, umnikazi onakekelayo uyojwayela lokho akuthandayo nezidingo zembali kusengaphambili.

Izimo ezifanele zembali zingabhekwa:

Ukutshala imbali ekhaya, sebenzisa izindlela zendabuko zokunakekelwa, kepha kukhona nezici zokukhula kwekholomu. Amahlumela amaningana avame ukutshala ebhodweni elilodwa: nansi indlela isitshalo esibukeka ngayo emangalisa ngokwengeziwe. Uma ihlumela elilodwa litshaliwe, linciphise ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinqubo ezilandelanayo.

Imvamisa, i-coliaia ikhula njengesitshalo se-ampel emabhasikini okulenga nakuzimbali. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amahlumela ayathenwa, adluliselwe egumbini elipholile, futhi ajwayele ukufudumala ekugcineni kobusika.

Nakekela i-kolumnea ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Imbali ye-colia izizwa ijabulile ekhaya uma inikezwe ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo.

Izimbali ezinekhala

Amakholomu aqhakaza ebusika nasentwasahlobo yokuqala. Uma isitshalo sinakekelwa ngokucophelela, singakwazi ukuqhakaza okwesibili - ehlobo. Kunezinhlobo eziqhakaza unyaka wonke. Amahlumela asezingeni elide kuwo wonke ubude ahlotshiswe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza o-oval-oval.

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sabo, amabala akhanyayo aveza izimbali. I-Kolumney idume ngezimbali zayo zokuqala, eziqhathaniswa ne-Goldfish, ama-dolphin okudansa noma amabhu. Izimbali ze-tubular ze-Catchy, ezidwetshwe kuwo wonke ama-shades abomvu namphuzi, zakhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, ambalwa ngasikhathi.

Kuwo wonke amacembe ama-4 kungahle kube nemivimbo noma ukufiphaza kombala ohlukile. Amaphinifa amathathu aphansi ambozwe nge-petal ebanzi, efana ne-hood ebanzi. Izithelo zesitshalo ibheri emhlophe enezinhlamvu zothuli.

Imodi yokushisa

Umgcini wendlu uyakuthanda ukuba segumbini elinokufudumala okulinganiselwe, kufanele uzame ukumakhela umbuso wokufudumala. Ekwindla sekwephuzile nasebusika, + 13 - 15 ° C kubhekwa izinga lokushisa elikhulu: Ama-buds wezimbali abekwa endaweni epholile. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lesi sitshalo sigcinwa + 21 - 27 ° C.

I-Kolumneya ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme uma umoya osegumbini unomswakama.

Ukufafaza

Ukuthuthukisa ngokuphelele i-colia, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuncoma ukuyigcina isiswakeme ephezulu. Ukufafaza ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe kufanele kube inqubo ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Ngesikhathi sokufafaza, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awawi ezimbali.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyanconywa ukunisela umqhele wekholamu ngamanzi angcolile we-tepid, emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukomisa isitshalo egumbini elinomthunzi.

Isibani

I-Kolumney ithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha izibani kufanele zisetshenziswe. IWindows elibheke entshonalanga nasempumalanga yizindlela ezikhetheke kakhulu zokuyibeka; lapha imbali izothola ukukhanya okwanele. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yegumbi, iKholomu, ehlushwa ukushoda kokukhanya, izoyeka ukuqhakaza.

Kepha uma kungekho ndawo imbali endlini, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe. Efasiteleni eliseningizimu, lesi sitshalo kuzodingeka sibe nomthunzi ukuvikela ekushisweni yilanga.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela imbali kudinga okulinganiselayo, ukugcwala kwamanzi noma ukunisela ngokweqile kwenhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ukusuka kumakholomu womswakama owedlulele ekhaya ungathola ukubola kwezimpande futhi ufe. Kepha ukweqa ngokweqile inhlabathi kuzoholela ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane nezinye izinkinga.

Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, iKolumna idinga ukuthambisa njalo - kuze kube kathathu ngeviki, ebusika isikhathi se-1 sizokwanela. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba lokhu inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngesigaxa sikakhukhunathi noma imous Moss. Igcotshwe ngamanzi afudumele agcinwe kahle.

I-Kolumneya ayiphenduli kahle ngokunisela okungapheli ngamanzi amasha, ngakho-ke, izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga amanzi afakwa ngejusi kalamula noma i-acid (amaconsi ama-3-5 noma ama-0,2 g ilitha lamanzi).

Imbiza yekolamu

Umthamo wesitshalo uhlala ukhethiwe kucatshangelwa uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande. Imbiza yekolamu idinga usayizi ophakathi nendawo, obanzi, kepha ojulile: i-microus rhizome izothuthukiswa kalula kuyo.

Ngaphansi kwembiza kufanele kube nesikhala esanele sokudonsa amanzi kusuka kubumba olwandisiwe noma izingcezwana zezitini, futhi ngaphansi kwaso kukhona umgodi wokudonsa.

Ground yeKolumney

I-primer efanelekayo ye-columna iyi-substrate evulekile, elula yokukhanya kwezitshalo ze-semi-epiphytic noma i-senpolia. Ihlanjululwe nge-sphagnum yomhlabathi. Ungaqamba inhlabathi ngokwakho, uthathe inhlabathi eshidi, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus ngokulingana okulinganayo.

Ukwakheka kwesibili: izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi enamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye ye-peat, i-perlite, i-turf. Inhlabathi enjalo iyakwazi ukuphefumula futhi ivundile. Akufanele kube khona ulamula ku-substrate, ikholamu ithanda umhlabathi omncane we-acid. Ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi, kuye kufakwe izigaxa zezitini endaweni engaphansi.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

I-Kolumneya isitshalo esiqinile, kepha futhi idinga ukufaka umanyolo nokufaka umanyolo ukuze ihlobise ukuhlobisa nokwandisa ukungazinzi komzimba. Ukusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba, kanye emva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3, faka umanyolo wezimbiwa emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kokunisela. Ungasebenzisa ikhambi kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 zokugqoka eziphezulu (ukugcotshwa kwekhambi kuncishisiwe ukuze ungashisi amaqabunga).

UColumnae uthanda ukugqoka okuphezulu okuqukethe i-phosphorus compounds. Banganikezwa kaningi, bahlanganisa nokunisela. Iqoqo lesisombululo sincishiswa amahlandla ama-4. Imvamisa, izitshalo ziphumula ebusika futhi azihlanganisiwe. Kepha izinhlobo ze-columnae, ezikhula ngenkuthalo ebusika, zidinga ukondliwa, yize zivela kancane.

Ikholamu yokufakelwa

Amakholomu atshalwa kabusha entwasahlobo. Ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezibucayi zesitshalo, sidluliselwa ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isigaxa sobumba. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho imbali itshalwa kabusha ngemuva kokuthengwa, bese ikwenza ngesidingo - lapho izimpande zimboza yonke inhlama yobumba.

Ukuze unganciphisi ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo, lapho kutshalwa, njalo eminyakeni emi-2, kuyaphindwa kuqedwe: 1/3 yohlelo lwezimpande lunqunywe, lufafaze izindawo ezisikiwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ngokufakelwa, kusetshenziswa isitsha esingajulile kodwa esibanzi esinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

Faka inhlabathi yomhlaba wonke noma uzilungiselele kusuka enhlabathini eshidi, esihlabathini naku-humus, ethathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa kahle, sifakwe emanzini futhi sishiywe izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni ene-shaded ukuze ikholamu inyakaze.

Izihlahla

Ukugaya kuvuselela isitshalo, kunikeze umfutho omusha ekukhuleni kwayo. UKolumney uphendula kahle ekuguguzweni kwezinwele zaminyaka yonke, lapho amahlumela akhe ancishiswa ubude be-½, amaqabunga omisiwe nezimbali, amagatsha angenamandla asuswa. Inqubo yenziwa minyaka yonke ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nalapho sitshalwe kabusha.

Ukuzala kwe-Columnia

Ukuphindiselwa kabusha kwekholomu kwenziwa ngokusika kwe-cutic aplic cutical noma imbewu yokutshala.

Ukusakazwa kwekholomu ngokusika

Ukusakazwa ngokusikwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi.

• Izimbambo zinqunywa kusuka eziqongweni zezihlumela, ubude bazo bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 Kufanele kube namaqabunga angafika ku-5 ukusikwa.
• Amaphuzu asikiwe afafazwa ngamalahle efulawa.
• Ama-cutways atshalwe engxube yomhlaba yenhlabathi nesihlabathi no-peat, ajula ngo-1, 5 cm. Amanzi no-mulch.
• Mboza ngefilimu okwenziwa kuwo ukuvuleka ukuze i-condensate inganqwabelani.
• Ku-+ 24 ° C nokukhanya okukhanyayo, shiya ukhule.
• Ifilimu lisuswa ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane nokunisela.
• Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amasha, isiqu sidluliselwa kwisitsha esihlukile.
• Kungenzeka ukusika izimpande emanzini. Amanzi ajwayele ukushintshwa, kuhlanganiswe ikhabhoni kuyo.

Ukukhula ikholamu kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Akuvamile ukuzilolonga ekhaya: Imbewu yamaphuzu imila kabi, izithombo eziningi ziyafa. Uma unquma ngale ndlela yokuzala, kudingeka ubekezele. Imbewu igcinwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate, bese isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emhlabathini oswakeme, ngaphandle kokujula. Fafaza ngaphezulu nge-substrate. Mboza ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Imila ku + 24 ° C. Izilimo ziyabhengezwa, ziyafafazwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, lapho kuvela izithombo, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Izithombo zikhula lapho zikhanyisiwe. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ayi-3 eqiniso, izithombo zingena zingene ezitsheni ezihlukile.

Indlela yokusasaza ikholamuna kulula kakhulu, ngakho zonke izinhlamvu zezitshalo zomama ziyagcinwa. Ekhaya, isetshenziswa kaningi.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Uma ikholomu ingakutholi ukunakekelwa okufanele, izifo ziyamhlasela bese izinambuzane ziqala ukusebenza. Umonakalo ovame kakhulu wezimbali ufaka:

• Amacembe ekholamu ayawa - umswakama owedlulele, isitshalo siyabanda (sinciphise ukuthambisa, sithuthele endaweni efudumele);
• Ikholomu isiqu ukubola - i-hypothermia yezimbali ezinomswakama okweqile (ukunciphisa ukuthambisa, hlela kabusha endaweni efudumele);
• ikholomu ishiya yomile - umoya owomile ongaphakathi (ufafazwa njalo);
• ikholamu ikhula kancane - ukuntuleka kwezakhi (okuphakelayo);
• Ikholomu aliqhakaza - ukukhanya okuncane; ukugcinwa ebusika - ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwezinso - endaweni efudumele (hlela kabusha endaweni ekhanyayo; ebusika faka endaweni epholile);
• Ikholomu ishiya isontekile - umoya oshisayo owomile, umswakama omncane (uthele, ufafaze, uthele esikhwameni ngamatshe amanzi);
• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga - ukushiswa kokufafazwa elangeni (susa amaqabunga alimile, fafaza kusihlwa kuphela, kugweme ukuvezwa imisebe yelanga ekhanyayo);
• ikholamu ihambile - Ukushisa izimpande kusuka kumanyolo omningi (hlambulula izimpande ngamanzi amaningi, omile nokufakelwa kwenye inhlabathi);
• amabala ansundu akhanyayo emaqabungeni - ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo;
• amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe, isiqu siveziwe - umoya owomile, ukukhanya okuncane, isitshalo sibanda (fafaza, uhlele kabusha endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele);
• Izimbali zekholomu ziphenduka nsundu futhi zidilike - ukuthola amaconsi amakhulu amanzi kubo ngenkathi ukuchelela (amanzi ngobumnene, ukuphakamisa amahlumela);
• amathiphu amaqabunga ekholamu omile aphenduke aphuzi - umoya owomile oshisayo (isifutho);
• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga nakumahlumela akhula ngokushesha futhi ambozwe nge-fluff - i-grey bola kusuka kumswakama obedlulele kumswakama ophezulu (izicucu ezonakele ziyasuswa, izingxenye ezisele ziphathwa nge-fungicide bese zitshalwa kabusha).

Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, izinambuzane zithinta ikholamu. Imvamisa, i-spider mite, i-scutellum, i-aphid kanye ne-thrips ihlasela imbali. Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane zivela ezimweni ezingezinhle ezingancike ekunakekelweni. Kepha ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe kahle kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane kaningana.

Izinhlobo zekholomu eyenziwe ekhaya enezithombe namagama

Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 zekolumnae, eziningi zazo ezikhule ngempumelelo ekhaya.

I-Columnia ekhazimulayo (Columnea gloriosa)

Amahlumela amade amade (ubude bufika ku-0, 7 m) i-curl noma asakaze. Amaqabunga ama-pubescent ama-red-brown noma aluhlaza abomvu anomumo ozungezwe oyindilinga. Ama-petals abomvu ama-carmine anezindawo eziphuzi ezansi kwe-tube.

Igazi elibomvu leColumnae (Columnea sanguine)

Ukubuka okudumile. Ukusakazeka amahlumela amade (ngaphezu kwamamitha). Amaqabunga e-Lanceolate-oval abanzi (afinyelela ku-10 cm) futhi abude (afika ku-30 ​​cm). Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kukhona izindawo ezibomvu ezifiphele. Izimbali ezincane ezibomvu (ezifika ku-2 cm) zibuthelwa kuma-sinuses ngamaqembu. Izimbali ziningi.

Columnea allenii

Izithako ezinwabuzelayo noma ezidonsayo zikhula ngokushesha. Amaqabunga aluhlaza (kuya ku-2 cm) amafushane aluhlaza aphambene. Izimbali ezinkulu (ezingafika ku-7 cm) ezinombala obomvu okhanyayo ngamaphethini aphuzi emqaleni zitholakala kwizindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo ezinama-pubescent.

Columnea Krakatau

Ukubuka okuthandwa kakhulu. Imvamisa ikhula njenge-epiphyte. Amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza e-lanceolate ahlukile kumahlumela. Izimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu zeTubular zihlelwe ngamaqembu noma i-1 ngayinye kuma-axils amaqabunga. Izimbali zifana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yegama elifanayo.

I-Columnae krassulolistnaya (ipuleti) (Columnea crassifolia)

Isitshalo esiphumelelayo. Kumahlumela anamandla aqondile, kukhula amaqabunga amade (afinyelela ku-10 cm) embozwe yi-fluff. Izimbali zinde (kufika ku-10 cm) zodwa. Ama-petals abomvu abomvu ambozwe nge-fluff ebomvu ekhanyayo.

Ikholomu enamaqabunga amancane (Columnea microphylla)

Long (kufika ku-2,5 m) amahlumela acwebile avela noma i-dangle. Itholwe nge-brown fluff. Amaqabunga amancane (ubude nobubanzi kuze kufike ku-1, 2 cm) anomumo wenhliziyo. Amahlumela namaqabunga ambozwe nge-fluff yethusi. Izimbali kwentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kwezimbali ezinezimbali ze-carmine-orange ezinemivimbo ephuzi. Ama-Pedicels amafushane ama-pubescent.

I-Kolumneya - imbali engakhethi. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele sizoba umhlobiso othokozisayo wezangaphakathi. Izimbali zoqobo ezisesimweni "sokudansa amahlengethwa" kanye "negolidefish" ngokumelene nesizinda samahlamvu amnyama kuzodala umoya opholile endlini futhi uzigcwalise ngemfudumalo engokomoya.