I-DIY bonsai pine engadini

IBonsai ingubuciko bokukhulisa amakhophi amancane ezihlahla. Yakhiwa eJapan emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Indlela yokwenza i-bonsai kusuka kukaphayini ekhaya kuyindaba yokuthanda abalimi nabathandi bezitshalo zasendlini.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo eziphambili

Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ezidumile ze-bonsai:

• Umnyama waseJapan. Ikhula kancane, kepha isinda ngokufanele ezindaweni ezibandayo.
• Umhlophe waseJapan. Inezinaliti ezimhlophe nengaphezulu eminyene.
• Iphayini leentaba (mugus). Ikhula ngokushesha, okusheshisa kakhulu inqubo.
• Iphayipayi ejwayelekile ayikhukhumali, iyabumbeka futhi ijabule ithatha isimo esidingekayo.

Ukwehlisela amagatsha esiqwini esivamile

Izitayela zeBonsai Pine

Ifomu liyingxenye yesitayela. Ukuma okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesiqu kanye nokukhula okungafani kwamagatsha kunquma izitayela ezihlukile ze-bonsai:

• I-Tekkan. Isiqu sobushelelezi, ngokuhlelwa phezulu kwamagatsha phezulu. Inefomu eliyisisekelo.
• Moyi. Isiqu sinesimo esigoqiwe.
• Sokan. Ezihlahleni ezi-1.
• ISyakan. Kufakwe isiqu, ngokungathi sidwengulwa yinhlabathi ngukuphapha komoya.
• Kangai. Ukuhlelwa kwamagatsha kusitimu esinciphile ngefomethi yokufiphaza. Umthamo kufanele ube phezulu kusukela lapho ingaphezulu likaphayini lincike ngaphansi phansi.
• Khan Kengai. Umqhele ugobe waze wafika ezingeni lebhodwe. Ngokuqina, amagatsha aphezulu aqondiswa kabusha ngaphesheya.
• Amabandla. Isiqu esibuthakathaka esigaxekile esinamagatsha ambalwa. Isidingo iqiniso lokuthi ingaphezulu lehlumela elincane likhula esiqwini somuthi esidala.
• Seikijou. Impande itholakala etsheni.
• Isitsuki. Ikhula etsheni.
• Hokidati. Umqhele ufana nebhola elinesiqu esisodwa. Isimo sifana nefeni. Amagatsha nezimpande kuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zomkhathi.
• Yese Ue. Iqembu lezihlahla. Udinga ukuthatha inani elingajwayelekile.
• Ikadabuki. Kubukeka sengathi isihlahla esiwile.
• Banana Phansi kakhulu, isiqu saso sisontwe.
• USharimiki. Umboko wawubonakala sengathi ushaywe ngumbani futhi ushiswe. Ingxenye yesihlahla ihlala ifile, kepha iphila ngengxenye ephilayo.
• Neagari. Umuthi lo umi ezimpandeni zawo, okwenza ubukeke njengomhlobiso. Dinga inani eliphansi lomhlabathi.

Izimo zokutshala nezokukhula

Umsebenzi unzima, kepha kufanele. Inqubo isondela ngezigaba:

1. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola imbewu. Izigaxa zikaphayini ezivuthiwe ziyaqoqwa futhi zibekwe endaweni efudumele, eyomile yokuvula. Ngokulandelayo, kukhishwa imbewu esikalini. Amakheli angabi mdala kunonyaka owodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu kungenzeka ingaqhume.
2. Esigabeni esilandelayo, imbewu ivezwa amazinga okushisa aphansi (afinyelela ku +4 ℃). Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, igobolondo liyathamba futhi umbungu uzalwe kalula.
3. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho bevuka futhi sebelungele ukukhula.
4. Ungqimba lwamatshe amatshe abekwa phansi kwembiza encane, bese isihlabathi esivamile sithululelwa ngaphezulu. Kumele kuqala zibalwe ukuvikela ukufa kwezithombo.
5. Kwakhiwa isitsha sokujula okungama-2 cm esitsheni, futhi imbewu elungiselelwe ibekwa kuyo imvamisa ka-3 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho imbozwe ngesihlabathi somfula esibunjiwe, esiniselwa futhi simbozwe ngengilazi. Nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza umoya omncane.
6. Ngemuva cishe kwamasonto amabili, kuvela izithombo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingilazi iyasuswa bese iziqukathi zibekwa ohlangothini lwelanga. Izitshalo akufanele zivunyelwe ukwelula. Uma kungekho kukhanya okwenele, engeza isibani sasemuva.
7. Ukhetho lwempande lwenziwa eneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga. Izitshalo zisuswa ngokucophelela enhlabathini futhi zinqunywe ezingxenyeni zezimpande ezingekho luhlaza ngombala. Lokhu kwakha impande enemisebe.
8. Ukwakhiwa kwezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukusikwa kubekwa lapho kulungiselelwa ukwakheka kwezimpande amahora angama-15. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukulungiselela amabhodwe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, equkethe inhlabathi engadini nesihlabathi somfula ngesigamu. Izithombo ezikulungele zitshalwa emiphongolweni bese zibekwa endaweni enomhlaza ukuze ikhule ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni zenyanga nengxenye.
9. Ukufika endaweni esemqoka. Ngemuva kokubhula, izihlahla zitshalwa isikhathi esingu-1 esitsheni esibanzi esinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-14. Izimpande zibekwa ngokuqondile. Izimbiza zibuyiselwa elangeni ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinso. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngokunokwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4.

Khetha impande ukuthola i-bonsai

Imithetho Yokunakekela

Iphayini ayisona isitshalo sasekhaya, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzama ukudala izimo ezisondele emvelweni. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo siyiswa kuvulandi, bese ehlobo sithunyelwa emgaqweni.

Kubalulekile ukudala lesi sitshalo eduze kwezimo zangempela

Ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwesitshalo, imithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:

• Ungazibandakanyi nokunisela okwenziwa njalo. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kanye ngesonto, futhi ebusika udinga nje ukuqiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile. Isitshalo sithanda kakhulu imibukiso, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi sifeze isihlahla sikaphayini kanye ngesonto.
• Isitshalo sondliwa izikhathi ezi-3 ngoMashi nangoSepthemba. Umanyolo we-organic: humus, umquba. Kusuka kumaminerali: i-nitrogenous ne-phosphoric.
• Njalo eminyakeni emi-3, isihlahla sidinga ukufakwa esikhundleni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo sivuka futhi siqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo. Kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela ebhodweni elidala iphinde ihlolwe nezimpande. Uma bayaphonsa, lapho-ke udinga ukuwaqondisa. Izimpande ezindala ezihlanganisiwe zisikwa kahle kakhulu. Umthamo uthathwa ngokuba mkhulu ngokwedlula obudala futhi ufanelekile ngosayizi esihlahleni. Isitshalo singatshalwa isikhashana ngaphandle, ngemuva kokumba umgodi nokulungisa inhlabathi. Inhlabathi ithathwa okusha. Ukunakekelwa kuhlala kufana.

Ukugoqa nokubopha

Ukwakhiwa kukaphayini we-bonsai ojwayelekile kwenzeka ngendlela ekhethekile. Umuthi unezindawo zokukhula ezi-3: phezulu, okuphakathi nendawo namagatsha ngezansi. Engxenyeni ephezulu yegatsha ikhula ngokushesha, futhi ukukhula okuthe xaxa kube phansi. I-DIY bonsai pine ukwakheka kwe-algorithm:

• Izinso. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, amahlumela aqala ukuvela esihlahleni. Izinso ezingathuthukisiwe zishiywe ngenhla, ezinamandla ngezansi.
• Amakhandlela Ngenkathi yokukhula, izinso ziphenduka amakhandlela, angaphansi kokuthenwa. Amakhandlela amafushane phezulu, futhi angokoqobo ezansi.
• Izinaliti. Ukunikeza amahlumela angaphakathi ngokukhanya okuvela elangeni, isihlahla sidinga ukuncipha kwezinaliti. Baqala ukwenza lokhu maphakathi nehlobo futhi bagcina ekwindla. Izinaliti zithathwa phezulu emagatsheni aminyene. Ngemuva kwalokho amagatsha aphansi nawo angama-pubescent ngokulinganayo. Ukwenza umuthi ubukeke njengento yokuhlobisa ngokwengeziwe, ungavele unciphise izinaliti. Ngokukhula okuthe xaxa, ngeke kusaba isikhathi eside kangako.
• IsiCrohn. Ngokugoqa ucingo, amagatsha aphezulu nesiqu kunganikezwa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi. Le nqubo yenziwa ekwindla, lapho umuthi unciphisa ukukhula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ucingo luzokhula lube ngamagatsha bese izibazi zihlala esihlahleni.

Lapho kukhula, izinso ziphenduka amakhandlela, adalulwayo

Ukwakhiwa kwe-pine bonsai kusuka kuzithombo

Kukhona indlela esheshayo yokuthola i-bonsai. Iphayin encane iyatholakala e-nursery. Lungisa ingxube yenhlabathi nezitsha ezifanelekileyo zokutshala ekhaya. Ukumba izithombo kusuka ehlathini. Ekuqaleni, izihlahla ezitshalwe emabhodweni zihlala engadini. Zimbozwe nge-mulch ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela amafushane afinyelela ku-10 cm, ngenxa yalokho amahlumela aseceleni aqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, futhi ubukhulu besiqu bukhuphuka. Lapho umuthi uthola izimpande, akha ukwakheka okumangazayo.

Iphayin encane ingathengwa enkulisa

Ungayenza kanjani i-bonsai kusuka kukaphayini ekhishini ehlobo

Uma umqhele usuqabile, khona-ke kufanele wakheke. Bashiya amagatsha amahle kuphela, bese bekhipha bonke abanye. Zonke izinyathelo zithathwa ekwindla, kanti entwasahlobo, lapho ihlumela liqala ukukhula, lizithinte lishiye cm 1.5. Kanye nokuncipha, amagatsha abekwa ngokuqondile futhi ahlanganiswe ngocingo.

I-wire kungenzeka ingabambe amagatsha e-coniffort. Kulezi zimo, amatshe amiswa ngaphezulu kumagatsha. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ungalungisa kahle amagatsha anamandla endaweni oyifunayo. Amaphinifa agoba kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa amatshe amakhulu emagatsheni

Ukususwa kwentambo

Imvamisa, isizini eyodwa yanele ukulungisa amagatsha endaweni efanele. Lapho usika i-waya ku-bark, isuswa ngaphambili, noma ngabe amagatsha engakakhi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ungafaka izindlela ezintsha zokuphazanyiswa kwezibazi bese uzama futhi.

Ngemuva kwalokho vele ulume ngocingo olusikiwe bese ukhulula ngokucophelela.

Ukukhiqiza okungadoti

Lapho kukhula ubhontshisi we-bonsai minyaka yonke, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele ngokusika amahlumela akhula. Uma kunesifiso sokuphonsa amagatsha futhi ufuna ukukhulisa isibalo sezitshalo, asetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukusiphula izingcezu ezincane futhi uzokwazi ukwenza izihlahla ezintsha ezivulekile kuzo. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kuba mahhala.

Isitshalo esakhiwe sidinga ukunakwa eduze nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukutshala kwayo inqubo ebuhlungu yokusika amagatsha, ukufaka izinaliti nokusika. Ukungasho ukuthi kugcina umswakama, ukufaka umquba nokubuka umbuso wokushisa. Ukugcwaliseka kwazo zonke lezi zimo kuzoholela kumiphumela oyifunayo, futhi lesi sihlahla siyojabulisa iminyaka eminingi.