Viticulture

Ibanga lamagilebhisi "Laura"

Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezibizwa ngokuthi "Laura" sekuyisikhathi eside zithandwa ngabalandeli abaningi be-viticulture.

Amaqoqo akhe amahle kakhulu futhi acelwa ukuba asuswe emagatsheni asehlathini futhi ngokushesha azame.

"Laura" ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamagilebhisi amber, okungajwayele ukutholakala ezimakethe nasezikhungweni zasehlobo.

Abalimi abanolwazi kakhulu bayazi lokhu ezihlukahlukene ngaphansi kolunye, omncane, igama - "Flora".

Kungenxa yalezi zihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ezigciniwe zamagilebhisi futhi sizokutshela ngezansi, futhi singakhohlwa ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabaqeqeshi ekutshalweni nasekutshalweni kwemivini.

Sihlanganyela izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokuphumelela kwezilimo zamagilebhisi zikaLaura phakathi kwabalimi

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenziwa ngabasosayensi base-Ukraine base-Odessa Institute, abaye bakwazi ukuwela ezinye izinhlobo ezingu-4 zamagilebhisi. Ngokuyinhloko, ekuqaleni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi "uMascat de Saint-Valle" zazifakwe impova ngezinhlobo zempova "uMuscat waseHamburg" no- "Husayne", okwathi ngemva kwalokhu umphumela walo ukuwela uhlanganiswe ne "Queen of Tairovskaya" amagilebhisi.

Izici ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi amahle kakhulu "uLaura"

I-Laura yamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene angakwazi ukuziqhayisa kalula amaqoqo amakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo kufinyelela ubuningi be okungenani i-kilogram eyodwa. Amagilebhisi, lezi zibalo ziphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulu uma ucabangela lokho isisindo samagilebhisi ngamanye amagilebhisi angaba ngu-2.4 kilogram. Ngako-ke, ubude obuphakathi kweqabunga lamagilebhisi lalezi zihlukahlukene nalo lihlaba umxhwele - lilingana namasentimitha angu-40.

Ukuma kwamaqoqo okuvame ukutholakala ukuthi kuphethwe, ngesakhiwo esincane noma esingafakiyo sokubeka amajikijolo kuwo. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izici ezibonakalayo zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sezinhlobonhlobo zeLora zixhomeke kakhulu emandleni okukhula kwehlathi kanti nokuthi impova ye-inflorescences yamagilebhisi yaqhutshwa kanjani.

Amajikijolo omvini kuleli banga nawo ahambisana nobukhulu bamaqoqo. Ngakho, Isisindo sesilinganiso samagilebhisi "Laura" singama-8-9 amagremu. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, amajikijolo angakwazi ngisho nokufinyelela ubuningi bamagremu angu-12. Zibonakala ngesimo se-oval-oblong. Ubude berry bungaba ngamasentimitha angu-4.

Ukubonakala kwamajikijolo kunhle kakhulu. Umbala wabo uvame ukuba mhlophe, unombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, okwenza amagilebhisi "Laura" amber. Ukushisa kwelanga kungabangela ukushisa kwelanga ngakolunye uhlangothi lweberry. Isikhumba sebheki sigcwele ungqimba omncane we-wax.

Izinhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi "Laura" zibhekwa ngokuphakama okukhulu kanye ne-juiciness, ukuba khona kwenani elincane lembewu. Ukunambitheka kwalolu hlobo lwezithelo zamagilebhisi lucebile kakhulu futhi lunomusa, kufana nokufana nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomvini waseCentral Asia, okuboniswa ku-flavor muscat.

Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe okushukela kwezinto ezinomsoco ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesilinganiso, okuqukethwe okushukela emaspini amajikijolo omvini walezi zinhlobonhlobo kufana no-20% kokuqukethwe kwamanye amakhemikhali, ne-acidity yesithelo ku-6-8 g / l. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezikhulayo zamagilebhisi zalolu hlobo zingathinta kakhulu izinga lezithelo, ngokulinganisa ukunciphisa ukunambitheka kwabo.

Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi "Laura" ngokuvamile udlala. Kulungele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha. Kodwa ukucubungula ukuthi kufanelekile - abathandayo abakhula ngalezi ezihlukahlukene emagcekeni abo bavame ukusebenzisa lezi ezihlukahlukene ukuze uthole ukunqoba.

Izici ezihlukahlukene zehlathi kanye nomkhiqizo wamagilebhisi "Laura"

Isihlahla somvini "Laura" ngokuvamile sikhula kakhulu. Esihlahleni esisodwa kungase sibe nama-40-50 amehlo. Phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting isihlahla sifaka ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala noma ukugoma - iminyaka engama-2-3. Amahlumela amagilebhisi asethuthukile kakhulu, iningi lawo (angaba ngu-60-80%) alungele ukuhluma.

Ehlathini elilodwa, amaqoqo amagilebhisi angu-0.9-1.3 akhiwa ngokwesilinganiso, okuhlinzeka isivuno esikhulu kakhulu salolu hlobo.

Amaqoqo afaka amahlumela ngamehlo angular. Izimbali zamagilebhisi zinomsebenzi wesifazane kuphela, ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno kumele bavotwe nge-pollen ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo zemagilebhisi.

Kubalulekile ukulalela ezinye izici ze-fruiting kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi omvini wezinhlobonhlobo "Laura". Ngokuvamile, inani elikhulu lamaqoqo lingaba khona esihlahleni esikhulu. Nokho, ngokunyuka kwenani labo, isisindo sabo sonke sinciphisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokulinganisa okuphezulu kwamaqoqo angu-40-45, isisindo sawo singaba ngu-2-3 izikhathi eziphansi kunenani elilinganiselwe, futhi libe yingxenye yekhilogram kuphela.

Ngakho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile Lezivini zivuthwa kakhulu kakhulu, cishe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-110-120 zenkathi yemifino, ngenani elikhulu lamagilebhisi kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabo sephuzile. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvuna okubonisiwe okuvuthiwe, ukuvuthwa okukhenjelwayo kwamagilebhisi kuqala kuphela ekupheleni kwamagilebhisi, kanye nezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ezivuthiwe. Futhi, imiphumela yokwakheka okunjalo okwakunobuningi kungaba ukuthi ngonyaka olandelayo isihlahla singasilahla ngokuphelele i-ovary.

Futhi, ngokuvamile ngisho nasezihlahleni ezinkulu kakhulu, kuphela amagilebhisi angu-15-18 kuphela angahlanganiswa. Kulesi simo, ukuvuthwa kwabo kufika inyanga ngaphambi kokujwayelekile - ngo-Agasti. Amaqoqo anjalo empeleni ayoba mkhulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngokuyinhloko, angakwazi ukukhokhela ingxenye encane yesitshalo. Noma kunjalo, ukulayishwa okunjalo kungabangela isihlahla ukuthi singene kabusha ngenkathi ekhulayo ngaphambi kokuphela kwekwindla.

Lokhu akuvumelekile neze. Ngakho-ke, izici zokwakhiwa kwezivuno zalolu hlobo kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi zizame ukugcina okungafani kahle komthwalo wehlathini lamagilebhisi - cishe amagilebhisi angu-23-27. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi cishe ama-30% amahlumela angashadile, angewona amahlumela ekhona ehlathini.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene zezithelo zamagilebhisi "Laura"

Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu bezithelo zomvini, amajikijolo alasilasi ahambisana kahle nokuthutha kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo avuthwe ngokushesha futhi abe nokunambitheka okukhulu.

Kanti futhi emithonjeni eminingi, i-Laura yamagilebhisi ehlukahlukene ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kubhekisela ikakhulu ekumelaneni okukhulu kwamagilebhisi phambi kokubola okumpunga nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi amajikijolo akwazi ukubekezelela umswakama ophezulu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kahle. Kukhona ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo ze-fungal, okuvame ukutholakala emivini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo sibekezelela ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu: cishe asithintekile uma ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ku--21-23ºС, nakuba izinyathelo zokuzivikela zisadingeka ukuthatha.

Ikhwalithi elihle lamagilebhisi "Laura" yiqiniso lokuthi amaqoqo ahlanganiswe kahle namahlumela esihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangokuvuna okuningi futhi emva kokuqala kokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi okususwayo, akusho ukuqubuka.

Ukulimala kwamagilebhisi "Laura": kubalulekile yini ukubanaka?

Nakuba kunezinkinga ezimbalwa kulezi ezihlukahlukene, akufanele zishaywa indiva, ngoba zinganqotshwa ngamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi kuncishisiwe, amajikijolo abe mnandi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Isizathu salokhu singase sibe isihlahla esivuthiwe esivuthiwe (ikakhulukazi isitokisi esinamandla futhi esikhulu, lapho kusetshenziswe khona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeLora), ihlobo elibandayo nelinamanzi.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqaphele njalo inani lezinhlaka zokuqoqa futhi ubanciphise kwinani elivunyelwe isilinganiso. I-drawback enkulu yamajikijolo yukuthi ngokuvamile angathinteka yi-isikhutha. Futhi, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ushukela ekubunjweni kwayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ucabange iqembu elithi "Laura" ngaphandle kwemifino.

Okudingayo ukwazi ukuze utshale izithelo zomvini "Laura"

Ukuze izithelo zomvini zikhule kahle futhi zifakwe kahle, kubalulekile ukucabangela ama-nuances amaningi. Ikakhulukazi:

  • Inhlabathi yokutshala amagilebhisi "Laura" ingaba yimuphi, ngaphandle kobumba kanye nokuqukethwe kasawoti ophakeme. Akunconywa ukutshala amagilebhisi lapho amanzi emhlabathini eseduze kakhulu nomhlabathi.
  • Ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo zemagilebhisi kungcono ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe ilanga futhi ingabhekwa yizingqikithi.
  • I-Lushe kuphela amagilebhisi akhule futhi athele izithelo ezindaweni eziseningizimu. E-Central naseNyakatho engcono kakhulu kungcono ukuyitshala eduze nodonga noma izicingo, ukuze ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga kuwele amagilebhisi.

Ngesikhathi esingakanani futhi esingcono ukutshala isihlahla somvini?

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala amagilebhisi eNingizimu yinyanga kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Ezindaweni ezinzima, izitshalo zezithelo zamagilebhisi noma izitshalo ezitshalwe kahle kakhulu entwasahlobo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala izinga lokushisa lomoya akusikho ngaphansi kuka-15ºС, futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liphathelene + no-10ºС.

Ukutshala kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-saplings, noma ngokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings esitokisini esidala. Naphezu kokuthi ukutshala yizithombo kubhekwe njengendlela elula futhi ephumelelayo, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa, ungathola isivuno sokuqala ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi uma uhlanganisa ukusika isikhala somuntu omdala ngesistimu yezimpande kakade, usekwazi ukuthola izakhi eziningi kakhulu futhi uthuthuke ngokushesha.

Ukutshala amagilebhisi "isitsha samanzi" Laura - imiyalo esemqoka

Ukutshala amagilebhisi usebenzisa izithombo kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa imbobo kusengaphambili. Ukujula kwalo kufanele kube kabili ubukhulu bezimpande zenzalo, ukuze ngisho nomquba ungadluliselwa phansi. Kungenakwenzeka ukugcwalisa umanyolo ngale ndlela, kungcono ukuyixubha ne-layer enhlabathini egcwele evundile ekhishwe emgodini owodwa.

Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1-1.5. Kusukela kusekelwa noma odongeni udinga ukuhamba ngamamitha angu-40. Uma isithombo sitshalwe ngokukhululekile, khona-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula nemigqa yehlathi kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha ayi-1.5.

I-sapling yamagilebhisi itshalwe phezulu kwegquma eligcwele umquba, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lesithombo lihlala phezu kwenhlabathi ngamamentimitha angu-10. Kudingekile ukugcwalisa isiteleka kancane kancane kancane, ngokugcwalisa ngokucophelela umgodi ngenhlabathi exutshwe ngamaminerali omquba.

Ngemuva kokuba umgodi ulele, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa umhlabathi nokwakha ukwesekwa okuqinile eduze komgodi (ngoba amagilebhisi ayisihlahla esingakwazi ukukhula sodwa, futhi ngaphandle kokusekelwa sizohamba emhlabathini). Ngemuva kokuphuza, amagilebhisi kumele anisele, futhi inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswe.

Ukutshala uLaura isihlahla somvini ngokuhlanganiswa

Uma kusayithi lakho kukhona kakade isihlahla esidala samagilebhisi osuvele usondliwe, ungakwazi ukufaka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "Laura" esiteshini saso. Kulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu:

  • Lungiselela futhi ulungele ukusika kusengaphambili ukuze uzinze. Futhi, ukuze kube ngcono ukugqugquzela ukuqhuma komhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, kubalulekile ukuyibeka emanzini bese uyiphonsa imizuzwana embalwa kwisixazululo esithi "Humate".
  • Isiqu sidinga ukunqunywa ngendwangu ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukana ne-trunk.
  • Ngakho-ke, i-shtamb yesihlahla esidala kumele ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela, ukuze kuphela ukusika kungene kuyo (ukusika eziningana kungahlanganiswa kwenye).
  • Ngemva kokubeka isiqu ekuhlukaneni kwe-stem, kufanele iphoswe kahle ukuze isiqu sithande ngokushesha futhi singcono. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqiniswe ngendwangu yokotini ehlala njalo. Uma
  • i-inoculation yenziwa ebusika, khona-ke isithombo kufanele sihlanganiswe nobumba kanye ne-okulirovat besebenzisa inhlabathi.

Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo zomvini.

Funda imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi "Laura"

  • Ukuphuza umvini kudinga njalo futhi njalo. Ikakhulukazi efuna ukuphuza lezo zihlahla ezitshalwe eduze nodonga. Ukwenza amanzi okugcoba kusemiphakathini ekhethiwe yamanzi okugubha ngephakamiso yesimiso sehlathi. Ukunisela ngaphansi kwe-shtamb kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba izimpande eduze kwesiqu azikwazi ukungena amanzi. Inani lamanzi adingekayo ngesihlahla samavini ngesikhathi esencane ngamalitha angama-30, kumuntu omdala omningi futhi lapho kutholakala khona amafutha - cishe amalitha angu-60.
  • Ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside futhi ukondla ngempela izimpande zomvini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqongelela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umquba ophilayo, ozophinde ukhule umhlabathi. Isendlalelo esiqukethe umquba kufanele sibeke okungenani amasentimitha amathathu. Ukunciphisa kahle kuyenzeka kuphela ekwindla futhi entwasahlobo kuphela. Ehlobo, i-mulching ingadla umhlabathi kanye nezimpande zomvini.
  • Lungile ukuhlala ehlathini lomvini kuzosiza ukuyivikela emiphumeleni yezimo zezulu ezimbi. Osemncane, ohlwanyelayo kuphela ohlwanyelwe ama-shrub angahlanganiswa ngokuphelele nenhlabathi, ngakho-ke uyisindise kokubili isithwathwa namagundane. Izihlahla ezindala zivikelekile ngokusetshenziswa kwe-mulching nokusetshenziswa kwe-hay.
  • Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokufika ukusika izihlahla zomvini "Laura" hhayi okwenziwa. Kodwa, kanye nokungena kwayo esikhathini se-fruiting, kubalulekile ukufeza le nqubo njalo njalo ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukunikeza iziqu ezintathu noma ezine, okuzogcina zithole ubukhulu. Njalo ekwindla kubaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula wonke amahlumela amancane ukuze angafaki ebusika. Futhi, kubalulekile ukususa ngokuphelele lezo zihlumela zesihlahla somvini, esomile futhi singatheli ngokugcwele izithelo. Nciphisa kakhulu amagilebhisi "Laura" akakwazi, ngoba ungakwazi ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukukhula kwawo. Ukushiya amahlumela amaningi akufanelekile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngokubunjwa ngokweqile kwamaqoqo, ikhwalithi lamagilebhisi liyokwehla futhi lingase linyamalale unyaka owodwa.
  • Zondla izithelo zomvini "Laura" kufanele zihlale njalokodwa hhayi okuningi. Iphendula kahle kumanyolo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba wamaminerali omhlaba wonke, ongathinta ngokujulile ukukhula kwesihlahla kanye namagilebhisi. Ukubuyisela ukungabi khona kwe-magnesium, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphese isihlahla nge magnesium sulfate engamakhilogremu angu-250 e-substance ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
  • Njengoba ngokuvamile amagilebhisi okuthiwa i-Laura aphethwe yi-mildew, lapho kuvela khona izibonakaliso zomvini, lesi sinambuzane siyakufanelekela. inqubo nge-Bordeaux fluid. Futhi, izihlahla zomvini, ikakhulukazi ekudala, zingathinteka ekukhuleni kwekwindla. Kulokhu, shiya isihlahla akufanelekile. Kunconywa ukumba nokushisa. Inhlabathi kufanele futhi inzalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunqotshwa kuzobuyiselwa emuva.