I-Skorospelku esuka eMichurinsk ngaphandle kokwedlulisa kubizwa umnikazi werekhodi. Ngokuhamba ngesivinini sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikho okulinganayo kanti owokuqala epulazini eliphakathi kwe-pear elijabulisa umlimi wensimu enesitshalo esisha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Skorospelka ikhasi elivela eMichurinsk linamanye amakhono - ukukhuthazela, amazing frost ukumelana kanye isivuno high, incazelo egcwele yazo zonke izici nezithombe zesithelo kamuva kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
I-Skorospelka evela eMichurinsk iyinhlobonhlobo yehlobo kanye nokuvuthwa kwe-ultra okuqala kwezithelo zenjongo yonke.
Ikhulile emasimini nasezikhungweni ezizimele zokusetshenziswa okusha - izithelo zayo azigcinwanga isikhathi eside.
Futhi i-Skorpospelka evela eMichurinsk iphelele ekumakheni - yenza ama-juice amahle, ama-jams, ama-jams futhi agcina.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa futhi: I-Fairy Tale, i-Northenian Krasnoshchekaya, i-Rogneda, i-Lel ne-Moscow Early.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Isibhamu sokuqala saseMichurinsk siwumphumela womsebenzi wokukhiqiza we-VNIIGiSPR kubo. I.V. Michurin. Ososayensi uS. P. Yakovlev no-A. P. Gribanovsky bahlakulela lezi zihlukahlukene ngokuhamba ngokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezihlukahlukene ezindala zaseYurophu zaseWestern Europe "Citron de Carme"nge hybrid etholakala Ussuri zasendle pear kanye ezihlukahlukene"Bere Liguel".
Isivivinyo sikahulumeni salezi zihlukahlukene ezintsha saqala ngo-1986. Ngo-2002, wafaka kwiRejista kaHulumeni. Ukuvuna kokuqala eMichurinsk kunconywa ukulima I-Russia Ephakathi, Central Central Earthfuthi Izifunda ze-Middle Volga. I-Skorospelka ephakathi kwamapheya ephuma eMichurinsk nayo ibuye yafakazela emasimini Isifunda saseNyakatho-mpumalanga. Abalimi bamasimu bathola isivuno esihle sokuvuna eMichurinsk Isifunda saseMoscow.
Esigodini esiPhakathi, izingane, i-Memory of Zhegalov, i-Svetlyanka, i-Chizhovskaya ne-Hera zikhulile ngempumelelo.
Incazelo enhlobonhlobo i-Skorospelka evela eMichurinsk
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
Le peyari a umuthi omude nomqhele we-pyramidal. Amagatsha amakhulu ama-squelettes agcwele amaqabunga ekhuphukile akhula phezulu, enza i-angle ebukhali ne-trunk.
Amahlumela aqondile futhi ahlanganiswe ngendwangu yombala ophuzi obomvu nge-lentile encane.
Amaqabunga amaphakathi afana nomumo ovoid ngendwangu ekhonjiwe kanye nomngcele omncane we-serrate.
Izimbali ezimhlophe ziqukethe amakhemikhali aqoqa. I-flower sepals ikhula ngase-pedicel.
Izithelo
Ubukhulu besithelo se-Horoscopelka kusuka eMichurinsk bungaphansi kwesilinganiso, futhi isisindo sepeyari ngayinye kusuka ku-70 ukuya ku-100 g Ukuma kwesithelo kungabizwa ngokuthi i-pear-shaped.
Zihlanganiswe nekhasi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluvuthiwe, oluthola umbala ophuzi ophuzi. I-rustiness encane ibonakala esikhumbeni cishe cishe zonke izithelo.
Ukuthanda amapheya e-Skorospelka avela eMichurinsk akhanseliwe. Inyama inomsoco kakhulu futhi ithambile ngomunwe omuncu-omuncu, ngesakhiwo esithile esivulekile futhi cishe ngaphandle kwe-granulations.
Ukwakhiwa kwama-chemical:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-8.2% |
| Acids | 0,78 % |
Isithombe
Izici
I-Skorospelka evela eMichurinsk iletha isivuno esihle sezithelo cishe njalo ngonyaka. Iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila, kanye nezitshalo ezikhulayo. Ukufinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi, izihlahla zalezi zihlukahlukene ziyakwazi ukunikeza kuze kube ngu-100 cent of fruit at hectare.
Amapheya ayinhlobo ephezulu yokuvumela: Bere Russkaya, Bere Bosk, Tonkovetka, Tatyana kanye noTargar ubuhle.
I-Skorospelka yokuvuthwa evela eMichurinsk ngaphambi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zepeyari - ngo-20 kaJulayi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-5-6 ngaphambili. Izimo zegumbi Izithelo zigcinwa cishe isonto, futhi esiqandisini - kuze kube amasonto amabili.
Skorospelka kusuka eMichurinsk - samoplodny ezihlukahlukene, ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuphakama kakhulu uma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zempova zikhula "Inkumbulo Yakovlev".
Ekuhlolweni kwesimo sezwe, i-Skorospelka evela eMichurinsk ibonakala sengathi enye yezinhlobo ezibandayo kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhwaza okufakelwayo, kwanciphisa ngokwanele ngisho nokushisa okuphansi njengokuthi -40 ° C.
Izinhlobo zama-frost-resistant zihlanganisa: Uralochka, Tikhiy Don, Chizhovskaya, Severyanka noSvetlyanka.
I-Cambia ne-gark ayizange iqedwe, izinga lokulimala kokunikela nezinso alizange lidlule amaphuzu angu-1.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene zihlukaniswa ukukhuthazela kwayo - ayesabi imimoya ebandayo kanye nezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-Pear Skorospelka evela ku-Michurinsk abathanda ukukhula Izindawo ezinomhlabathi nezomilelapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba elala khona hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-2.5 ukusuka emhlabathini.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ipeyari ekwindla (inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kwe-snap ebandayo) nasentwasahlobo (masinyane emva kokuba inhlabathi ithambile). Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukufika kwekwindlalapho izithombo zinesikhathi sokubusika ukuze zithole izimpande ezintsha.
Ngenxa yalokho, entwasahlobo ama-pears amancane azobe esilungele ukuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo.
Phuma ngokujulile kufika ku-1 m futhi ububanzi buka-80 cm kuya ku-1 m lungiselela amaviki 2-4 ngaphambi kokufika. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni isesihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lobumba kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubukhulu phansi komgodi.
Ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu yomgodi wokutshala igcwele umhlaba ovuthiwe okhululekile.
Ilungiselelwe kusuka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: I-horse turf emhlabathini ibanjwe kusukela emgodini, cishe amabhakede amathathu omquba (hhayi ngendlela entsha!) noma i-rotus plant humus, 100 g we-potashi no-150 g we-phosphate fertilizer.
Uma inhlabathi ivundile, umanyolo ungazikhethela.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isikhonkwane sokhuni esiphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-140 siqhutshwa emgodini. Phakathi nendawo emgodini bayakha i-hillock bese bebeka umuthi kuso ukuze kube ngakwesenyakatho kwesigxobo esinyanyisiwe. Izimpande zenzalo zisakaze nxazonke futhi zifafazwe umhlaba.
Ngalokhu intamo impande kufanele ikhule 3-5 cm ngenhla. Ngemuva kokunisela inhlabathi iyohlala futhi izoba ezingeni elifanele. Umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi ugobile futhi uchithe amanzi (amabhasi amabili kuya kwezingu-3).
Ngemuva kokutshala, isithombo siboshwe isikhonkwane nomhlabathi Umeluleki nge-compost, peat noma humus. Esimo sezulu esomile emva kwamasonto amabili, ukuchelela kuyodingeka kuphindwe.
Ukunakekela kwamapareli kuhlanganisa njalo ukususwa kokhula, ukukhulula nokuhlanganiswa kwendawo yesiquokusiza ukumunca kwezakhi kanye nokugcina umswakama.
Ukwindla kwasekuseni ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu kubanda kuyadingeka ukumba imibuthano eduze-stem. Ukujula kokumba eduze kwesihlahla se-pear kumele kungabi ngaphezu kwama-12 cm, kanti yonke indawo ye-stem akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-25 cm.
Ukuphuza ipeyari kudinga ukuthi kungavamile, kodwa kuningi - okwanele kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye. (entwasahlobo, emva kokuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo nasekwindla ngesikhathi seqabunga liwa). Inani elilinganiselwe lamanzi lomuthi omdala oyedwa okungenani amabhakede amathathu kumitha yesikwele yomjikelezo we-trunk.
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ukudla kwamapheya amancane akudingeki, ngoba zitshalwe enhlabathini evundile kakade ikhulelwe. Njengoba zikhula futhi ziqala ukuhluma, izihlahla ziqala ukudinga umanyolo wonyaka.
Izinketho zokudla ziningi. Umlimi ngamunye ukhetha isimiso sakhe somanyolo esekelwe ubudala kanye nesimo sezempilo se-pear, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kusayithi kanye nezimo zezulu.
Entwasahlobo ipeyari idinga umanyolo we-nitrogen.Okuvamile kunawo wonke yi-urea (25 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M yomuthi wesihlahla) kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (30 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M).
Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe izingubo ezimbili: ngaphambi nangemva kokuvulwa kwehlumela.
Ekubeni, izihlahla zihlwanyelwa isakhiwo samaminerali., okungathengwa esikhungweni esithile segadi noma ukupheka.Enye yezinketho zokugqoka okunjalo: hlaziya i-spoon elilodwa letafula le-potassium chloride no-2 wezipuni we-superphosphate ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi - lokhu kungumthamo ngamunye nge-sq. Sq. M. Njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu impahla yezinto eziphilayo ifakwe ngaphansi kwephayari, okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu okuyi-compost noma umquba (cishe 2 kg ku-1 sq m).
Izithelo ze-Pear Skorospelka ezivela eMichurinsk ukujwayela ukuvuna ukuvuna okukhulu. Ubukhulu bezithelo zawo kusiza ukulinganisa i-fruiting usebenzisa izihlahla zonyaka.
Ekwindla benza izihlahla ezihlanzekile. ngokukhipha amahlumela abomile, abagulayo nalabo abonakalisiwe. Entwasahlobo yamapheya amancane enza umqhele, ukusika izihlumela eside kakhulu.
Izihlahla ezindala zidinga ukwesekwa kwentwasahlobo noma ukusika izihlahla. Amagatsha asusiwe awela phansi abe umqhele noma ohlangothini.
Futhi uthathe iziqongo, amahlumela abuthakathaka namagatsha amakhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokudubula okunjalo, i-fruiting ayiyona into evamile kuphela, kodwa ukuphumula komqhele nakho kuthuthukisiwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Pear Skorospelka yaseMichurinsk cishe engaguli //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.htmlkodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi ethinteka yi-moniliasis ngesimo sezithelo zokubola. Umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka ngu i-carrion ebolile ibhalwe phansi engadini. Ama-spores akhiwe kuwo aqhutshwa umoya, i-spray yemvula nezinambuzane.
Ukuphikiswa kwesibalo kuhlukaniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: I-Cathedral, i-Krasulia, i-Lada, i-Elegant Efimova ne-Otradnenskaya.
I-Moniliasis ngokuyinhloko ithinta izithelo ngesikhumba esonakele. Lesi sifo siqala ngokubunjwa kwendawo emnyama, okuyinto, ngokukhula kancane, ihlanganisa yonke ingane. Ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele, ukubola kuqhubekela ezenzweni eziseduze.
Ukuze ugweme i-moniliosis, udinga ukususa amapheya agugile emithini ngesikhathi bese ubhubhisa i-carrion. Njalo Umqhele omnene ubalulekile ukuphuma kancane ngesikhathi. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezihlahla ifakwe ngesixazululo se-urea.
Qala ukuvikela izihlahla eziphakathi kwezinambuzane kufanele ziwe. Iningi lezinambuzane ezingaphezu kwamagatsha ezinamahlamvu kanye nomhlabathi, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza amaqabunga nokumba umjikelezo wesondo usize ukuqothula ingxenye ebalulekile yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga awela emagatsheni, ama-cocoons ezinambuzane ebusika emithini abonakala ngokucacile. Ziqoqwe futhi zishiswe.
Eziningi zemikhaza, i-scarab nezinye izinambuzane ezizibhakabhaka eziphakathi kwe-pear zingaqedwa, ukuthatha igxolo elidala kusukela esihlahleni futhi kukhanya i-shtamb.
Noma iyiphi i-fungicide ingangeniswa ku-liwa elimhlophe. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukusebenza kwenqubo. Ngenqwaba yezinambuzane ehlobo imithi eminingi yezihlahla ezinamakhemikhali.
Uma ukhetha isitsha sesithelo sesithelo sakho sezithelo, qaphela izinhlobonhlobo ze-Skorospelka eliphakathi kwe-Pearinsk - leli peyari ngeke likuvumele phansi futhi ngaphambi kokuba bonke bahlinzeke isivuno esicebile sezithelo ngendlela enhle kakhulu.
