Ummbila uyimbali yomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae ovela eSouthern Europe. Izitshalo zaseGrassy ziyanda njengokutshala emasimini, emasimini, kuma-glade asehlathini. Ngenxa yobunobuhle bendawo yama-cornflowers ajwayelekile, izitshalo zitshalwa ngezinhloso zamasiko endaweni yesikole, ezikhungweni zasenkulisa, ezinkulisa nasezingadini zemifino. E-Russia, i-centaurea ihlotshaniswa nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha emvelweni kukhona ama-lilac, aphuzi, apinki, amhlophe futhi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisiwe. Izinhlobo ezintathu: ihlathi likaphayini, iDubyansky, iTaliev, zibhalwe kuRed Book.
Imvelaphi yezimbali zommbila
Izimbali zeCornflowers zathola igama lazo igama lesiGrikhi "basilikon", elisho "isiko lasebukhosini". Lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi amaSlavs aseningizimu, asebenzisa isiko emicikilweni nasemingcwabeni yomngcwabo. Inchazelo yesiLatini ye-cornflower noma i-cornflower "centaurea" ihunyushwa ngokuthi "izimbali eziyiphuzi eziyikhulu."
I-infloreser inflorescence
"I-" centaurea "ye-botanical ibolekwe igama lesiGreek elithi" kentaureion ", incazelo yalo ihlotshaniswa ne-Centaur Chiron, umphilisi wezinganekwane onemininingwane ephathelene nokuphulukiswa kwezitshalo ze-herbaceous, kufaka phakathi izimbali zasendle.
Incazelo yezimbali
Ngaphandle, ama-cornflower abukeka njengezihlahla ezinhle eziqambe amanga noma eziqondile ezifika ku-120 cm ukuphakama, amaqabunga akhula ngokuhlukile, abe nesimo esiphelele noma esinezici ezinobumba, ama-inflorescences akha obhasikidi obunjwebu be-spherical and cylindrical. Ama-Bare noma ama-pubescent scaly wrappers akhetha ukukhula ngamaqembu noma izinto ezizodwa ku-panicle ne-corymbose inflorescence. Izimbali ezisemaphethelweni zigoqwa zibe yimisele yeshubhu
Ukuchazwa kohlelo lwezimpande imbali ye-cornflower yezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene kubonisa izici zokuziphatha:
- ukuba khona kwama thickets amaningi ezimpande;
- induku enamandla
- izinqubo ezinde ezinamagatsha amaningi;
- amagatsha amafushane;
- izimpande ezigqinsiwe.
Inothi. Hlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zaminyaka yonke, ezinhlanu, ezinokuphindaphindwe kweenkulungwane.
Izici ezizuzayo zohlaza we-cornflower zibanzi: njengesitshalo sezinyosi, isitshalo sidonsela abavukuzi impova emibhedeni yezimbali noma emithini yezithelo, umphumela wokwelapha we-diuretic unquma ukusetshenziswa kwembali ekwenzeni izithako zokwelapha ukulwa nezifo zezinso. Iphunga elicebile lama-petals wesiko selibonwe phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwakha nabakhiqizi bamakha kanye nezimonyo. Amafutha abalulekile enza ngokwejwayelekile ukugaya, kujabule.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-cornflower
I-cornflower yomndeni wakwa-Astrov inezinhlobo ezingama-500. Izitshalo ziyehluka ngosayizi wesiqu, ukwakheka kwezimbali (terry, hhayi terry) nohlobo lohlelo lwezimpande. Insimu ejwayelekile kakhulu, ingadi, umhlobiso, izinhlobo ezi-musky ze-cornflowers.
Inhlanganisela ekhanyayo yezinhlobo ze-cornflower
Izimbali zasendle
I-cornflower yasensimu kulula ukuyibona ngesithungo eside esingamasentimitha angama-80, ifaka izimbali ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza acinene futhi afushane. Isiko le-biennial livame ukutholakala emasimini ama-rye eRussia.
Ngokuhlukahluka kwesiNgisi, insimu ye-cornflower imi ngaphandle kwembali yeBlack Ball enebhasikidi yamathokolethi. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Blue Diadem zithandwa kakhulu ngemithunzi ecebile yama-buds, ethathwe njengesisekelo sokwakha indwangu yokuqothula, i-Florence Pink isihlahla esididiyelwe sombala onsomi opinki.
Ibanga eliphuzi
ICostaurea enamakhanda amakhulu ihumusha isiLatin ngokuthi ama-cornflower aphuzi ayi-100. Ku-vivo, kutholakala umuntu ngamunye eSiberia, Kamchatka nase-Urals. Izinhlobo ezikhula zasendle zihlobisa amasimu ngamabele (ukolweni, rye, ifilakisi) nemifino. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo iMedithera. Imbali ikhula ibe ngu-1-1,5 m ubude, yakha ama-inflorescence amakhulu. Umbala ophuzi okhanyayo noma ophuzi okhanyayo. Ububanzi - cm cm 7. Ngenxa yamabhasikidi amakhulu, isiko lididekile ngethanga.
Kuyathakazelisa. Emithini yabantu, ophuzi i-cornflower inikezwe izindawo zokwelapha ekwelapheni ipheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu.
Umbala opinki
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Baby Pink (ezihunyushwe njengengane epinki) zithokozisa abathandi bezitshalo ezincane ngezimbali ezinombala opinki noma ngombala wethoni ezimbili. Izinhlobonhlobo zemihlobiso ziyakwazi futhi ukuhlobisa imbali yezimbali ezinombala omhlophe onsomi, onsomi, no-rose. Ama-perennial akhula aze afike ku-80 cm. Ezigxotsheni ezinde kukhona amapuleti aluhlaza anembozo ambozwe ubisi fluff.
Umbala omhlophe
Emvelweni, ama-cornflower amhlophe ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezinamadwala eCaucasus naseNyakatho Iran. Isiko lakha amahlahla aminyene angama-55 cm. Amaqabunga aphansi ku-petiole ahlukaniswe, apendwe ngamathoni aluhlaza okotshani phezulu, bese kuthi ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga ixubeke.
Ama-inflorescence ama-cornflower awumbala owodwa omhlophe, abe nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-4. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili ze-cultivar, iJohn Coutts ihlukaniswa, enamanani amakhulu we-inflorescence, apendwe ngopende abepinki abathambile emaphethelweni. Isitshalo siqhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
Izinhlobo zaseMpumalanga
Kwi-cornflower ehlala njalo enobude basempumalanga obuyi-120 cm, kukhula izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi. Iziqu zesiko zikhulu ikakhulukazi. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlobisa futhi zivame ukutholakala emibhede yezimbali yaseRussia.
I-Yellow cornflower
Umbala onsomi
Indawo ekhethekile ekulelineni lama-cornflower ansomi anikezwa izinhlobo ze-Amberboa musky - isitshalo sonyaka esiphakeme esingu-70 cm esinephunga elimnandi. Isiqu sihlotshisiwe, amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani anemiphetho eyenziwe ngamakhosi. Kubhasikidi kwakhiwa izimbali ezimise okomhloshana ngemichilo eqoshiwe. Indawo lapho umuntu akhula khona inquma ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sezimbali isivuno esizoba naso, imvamisa sakha kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Isitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso.
I-phrygian (Centaurea phrygia) i-cornflowers - izitshalo zisetshenziswa esidumile eRussia, ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi:
- ukwahluka okubanzi ngosayizi - 30-130 cm;
- ezinkulu, 5 cm ubukhulu izimbali;
- amaqabunga aphakathi;
- izindonga phezulu ngenhla ne-infendtion emnyama esetshenzisiwe.
Izinhlobo ze-Phrygian zamanga zibukeka njenge-phrygian cornflower. Umehluko ulele kumbala onsundu we-appendages nokungabikho komkhawulo kumaqabunga e-wrapper. Izimbali ze-perennial Centaurea preudophrygia zibonwa ehlobo nasekuweni kokuqala. Ikhula enkabeni yeRussia.
Izinhlobo ezibomvu
Isitshalo sonyaka sitholakala esigodini nasezindaweni zezolimo, sibonakala ngokusobala kusuka emikhunjini emincane ezindizayo endaweni ephakeme nge-1 km. Sigxuma siqonde, sitholakala ngenzansi. Amaqabunga abunjiwe, ama-pubescent. Isitshalo sinombala obomvu onsomi, opinki, ocwebezelayo elangeni. Izimbali zihlala ngoMeyi-Juni.
Kuyathakazelisa. I-Centaurea tchihatcheffii yakha inzalo ye-taxonomic kwizikhwanyana ezikhanyayo ezibunjiwe ezisikiwe ngogreyidi. Isitshalo sasendle ezindaweni ezomile nezomile sizokhula size sibe ngama-40-50 cm.
Ama-Cornflowers Centaurea tchihatcheffii
Ukufakelwa
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-cornflower zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2: ama-xerophytes nama-mesophytes.
Ezangaphambili zinesici esibalulekile: zilahlekelwa amandla okuzala kabusha lapho zidliswa kakhulu ngemuva kokutshala nokukhula enhlabathini evundile. Ama-Xerophytes akhetha izimo ezinzima zokuphila. Ikhula kahle esihlabathini esingenalutho, idlula asphalt nosimende. Engadini, izindawo ezinesihlabathi nezincishisiwe zabelwa imbali, kulandelwa umthetho oyinhloko: inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi inamanzi amahle, nokuphefumula. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic ayemukelekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kungakuhle ukuthi ungathathi hlangothi i-pH ngofulawa we-dolomite ne lime.
Inothi. Ama-Mesophytes ayizitshalo ezintekenteke ezingatheni (ummbila we-cornflower, uthambile, iFrygian), ukhetha inhlabathi emanzi. I-acidity yenhlabathi inconywa ukungathathi hlangothi.
Indawo enhle
Ngokutshala izimbali zommbila, indawo ngisho ekhungethwe ukukhanya kwelanga ilungile. Ukwengeza ubuhle bokuhlobisa, ama-cornflower wama-perennial atshalwa nezinye izihlahla ezingaphansi kwenhlabathi evulekile. Amabhasi abekwe eceleni konqenqemeni azothola isilinganiso esikhulu sokukhanya kwelanga futhi andise ukumelana nezifo, aqale ukwanda kahle, futhi ukutshala nokukhula ngeke kudale ubunzima.
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Akudingekile ukulungiselela izithombo zezitshalo ze-cornflower - izitshalo ziqhuma kahle lapho zihlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu ngu-Ephreli noma uSepthemba. Inhlabathi iyakhululwa kuqala bese kwenziwa izimbobo zezinhlamvu ezi-1.5 cm ezijulile.
Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu liyi-10 cm (ungadweba umdwebo ngaphambili) - ngesikhathi esibonisiwe, abantu bazosekelana lapho bekhula. Lapho ukutshala izinhlobo ezingaphansi, phakathi kwezimbobo ziphikisana no-20 cm - ama-compact bush anezindawo zokusakaza nokukhulisa ububanzi. Ukuntuleka kwendawo yentuthuko kubangela ukuwohloka kwezimbali, iziqu ziba mncane, amaqabunga akhula abe mancane futhi anciphe.
Kubalulekile! Izilimo zonyaka ezihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo ziyaqhakaza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ama-perennials atshalwe ekuqaleni kukaNovemba azothokozisa ngemibala ekhanyayo ye-inflorescence yonyaka wesibili.
Imbewu ye-terry cornflower
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhasi
Ama-cornnut we-perennial anempahla yokwanda kakhulu nokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, ukuhlukanisa nokutshala isihlahla kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuzosiza ukuvikela lesi simo. Lapho uhlukanisa ama-cornflowers engadi yangempela, ama-bushs ane-3-4 efihlekile abekwa endaweni entsha, aqaphela igebe lama-20-50 cm.
Nakani! Ama-Cornflower bush asakazeka ngempumelelo ngokuzitshala, uma ushiya izihlahlana esihlahleni ukuze zibune.
Nakekela ama-cornflower engadi
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, isikhathi sokukhula kwama-cornflower endaweni eyodwa sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10. Abantu abathile basebusika ngaphandle kokukhosela, bamelana nokuqandeka okukhulu (abaklami abaningi bahlobisa kahle amajakethi afudumele ngama-cornflowers). Noma kunjalo, ukuchelela ngokweqile, ukuqina kwamanzi esizeni, umswakama omningi womhlabathi - izitha eziphambili zesiko, nezivusa izifo zokukhunta.
Imodi yokunisela
Izimbali zasendle azikubekezeleli ubuningi boketshezi, ngisho nezinhlobo ezithanda umswakama zikhula kahle ngokunisela komhlaba ngokulinganayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondla ama-cornflowers ngeKristallin kukhulisa isikhathi sezimbali. Imvamisa yokuncoma yesicelo - izikhathi ezi-2 / inyanga. Galela isiko ekubalweni kwe-20-30 g / m². Ukudlula umthamo kubangela uphuzi wamaqabunga nokufa kwezitshalo.
I-Mixborder enonyaka
Uma uhlinzeka ngama-cornflowers ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izimbali ezintekenteke isikhathi eside zizonikeza ubuhle nomoya omuhle kubanikazi. Imvamisa, izitshalo zitshalwa emasimini amaqoqo, ngemuva kwesizinda sama-daisies amhlophe amhlophe, izinsimbi kanye nohlu lwamatshe. Izitshalo zibukeka zilungile kumashubhu nakuzimbali zezimbali ezinama volumetric. Izimbali zisetshenziselwa ukusika nasezivandeni zamatshe.
