Wonke umuntu uyazi imifino enjengamazambane, utamatisi, upelepele kanye nesitshalo seqanda, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi bangabomndeni wakwaNightshade. Ukwenza uhlu lwama-nightshade kuyinkinga impela, ngoba kuzobandakanya izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-2 500 ezikhula emhlabeni wonke.
Labo abanentshisekelo yokuthi uluhlobo luphi lwemifino olungolwesonto, kuzosiza ukujwayelana nezilimo ezivame kakhulu.
Amanye amalungu omndeni wakwa-nightshade aziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
Ubhatata
Amazambane angomunye wabamele abaziwa kakhulu bemifino engabunjiwe. E-Russia, lesi yisitshalo sokudla esibaluleke kakhulu, okuthi, ngaphezu kokudla, sisetshenziswa nakwezinye izimboni, ngokwesibonelo, kumakhemikhali noma ezindwangu.
Ubhatata isiko lonyaka, elinobuthi obuningi, elisakazwa ngokuhlakulelayo. Lesi sitshalo sihlahla esincane esivela ku-5 kuya ku-15 ama-tubers enhlabathini, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukutshala ukusika ku-amazambane we-tuber
Ukuba ngumswakama - nesitshalo esisetshenziswayo, amazambane awamisa ukukhula kwawo lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla laya ku-+5 degrees noma ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-35. Zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswe ngetafula nendawo yonke. Isiko liqukethe inani elikhulu lesitashi - lisuka ku-10 laya ku-16%.
Isitshalo seqanda
Yize isitshalo seqanda kuyisiko laphakade, eRussia kutshalwa njengonyaka. Isiqu sesitshalo ekuqaleni sinotshani, kepha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-50 ubudala siqala ukuqina. Umbala wama-nodes neziqu uluhlaza okotshani, kuphela engxenyeni engenhla ebomvu onsomi noma onsomi emnyama. Amagatsha esiqu ayisihlahla futhi angakhula afike kumasentimitha ayi-125, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Amacembe we-isitshalo seqanda akhulu impela, angakhula afike kuma-35 cm ubude, ukwakheka kuyi-ovoid. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngezimbali ezinkulu noma izimbali eziqoqwe ziqoqeke ngombala onsomi okhanyayo noma onsomi.
Isithelo se-isitshalo seqanda ibhungane elinamagumbi amaningi elingaba cm cm. Isisindo sezithelo singashiyana kusuka ku-50 g kuya ku-2 kg. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe onsomi omnyama noma onsomi okhanyayo. Ama-eggplant asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni: alungiselela zonke izinhlobo zezitsha futhi alondolozela ubusika.
Utamatisi
Omunye ummeleli wemifino owaziwayo womndeni we-nightshade utamatisi. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi le imifino iyingozi futhi ilimaza umzimba kuphela. Namuhla, utamatisi usetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuphekeni, wenza amalungiselelo futhi ulungiselele zonke izinhlobo zamasaladi amasha nawo. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiNingizimu Melika. Njengoba le mifino emincane ibonwa njengephilile futhi inambitheka, isakaze emhlabeni wonke.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lukatamatisi lunamandla futhi lujulile. Isiqu simile (indawo yokuhlala kwezinye izinhlobo).
Isiko lingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, kukhona nezinhlobo ezimfushane ezenziwe ngobuciko, ukuphakama kwawo kungabi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm.
Amaqabunga utamatisi ayipinevini, lesi sihlahla siqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane eziphuzi eziqoqana kuma-inflorescence amancane ehlanga. Isiko litshalwa kuphela ngenxa yezithelo, okuthi, kusukela ekubukeni kwe-botani, izithelo. Kulokhu, kunempikiswano eqhubekayo phakathi kochwepheshe mayelana nokuthi ngabe imifino noma izithelo kuseyitamatisi.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngo-2001, utamatisi e-EU wamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengesithelo.
Pepper
Pepper kungenye into emincane ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Lesi isihlahla esidliwayo esidalwa minyaka yonke esitshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka. Isiqu sesitshalo sisencane sinotshani, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siyabola futhi sibe lukhuni. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi kungahluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-125 cm (emhlabathini ovikelwe ungakhula uze ufike kumamitha amathathu). Ukwakheka kwesiqu sopelepele kungaba yi-bushy, semi-standard noma standard.
Iningi lesisindo sesiko ngamahlamvu. Umbala wamashidi usuka ekukhanyeni kuya eluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zibonakaliswa ukwakheka kwesondo. Zingabhangqwa, zizodwa noma ziboshwe.
Izithelo ze-Pepper zingaba ngemibala ehlukene, bobukhulu nosayizi. Isisindo singabuye sihluke kakhulu - kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-200 amagremu. Ama-pepper asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni nasekheniweni ebusika.
I-Physalis
I-Physalis yisisitshalo esikhula size sifinyelele kumuntu ngamunye nesigamu kuya kumamitha amabili, sinamabala amakhulu ezimbali. Izimbali zingaba bomvu, orenji noma ziphuzi.
Isiko livame ukuqhakaza ngoMeyi, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kwenzeka eduze kukaSepthemba. I-Physalis imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo zomhlobiso. Imvamisa ikhula njengomhlobiso wezingadi nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kepha ezinye zezinhlobo zayo ziyadleka impela futhi ziyasetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Ngaphandle, izithelo ze-physalis zicishe zifane notamatisi omncane. Umbala wayo ungaba owolintshi, ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezithile.
Ikhabe leMelon
Uhlu lwemifino oluqhamuka emndenini we-nightshade lungafakwa elinye igama - ikhabe eliphakathi kwethanga. Kuyisithunzi esihlala sikhona esihlala eMelika Melika. Itshalwa ngenxa yezithelo ezimnandi nezihlelayo, okuthi ngephunga lawo nombala ngezindlela eziningi zifane ikhukhamba, ikhabe noma ithanga. Isiko ebelisakazeke kakhulu laliseNew Zealand, Peru naseChile.
Ezimweni zaseRussia, eliphakathi kwe-melon alikhulelwanga
Elinye igama lekhabe le-melon yi-pepino. Lesi isihlahla sangemuva esiyisiyingi esinezinyoni ezikhula sifinyelela kumitha eyodwa nesigamu. Izithelo ze-Pepino ziphindaphindeke - azifani ngesimo nangosayizi kuphela, kepha futhi ezimfanelweni zombala nokunambitheka.
Izici zezitshalo zemifino nightshade
Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka kwemifino yomndeni kaSolanaceae, zingadala ingozi ethile empilweni, ngakho-ke kufanele ziphathwe ngokudla ngokuqapha. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, akuyena wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi lo mndeni awuhlanganisi kuphela amazambane aphephile, utamatisi kanye nopelepele, kodwa futhi namasiko anjengo-belena, ugwayi kanye nodenga, osokhemisi abaningi ababheka njengezinto ze-narcotic.
Indlela abakwaSolanaceans benza ngayo kwezempilo
Abanye ochwepheshe, kubandakanya izazi zokudla, bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kweSolanaceae kungalimaza impilo. Ukwedla kokudla kwemifino okungabikwa kulo mndeni kunomphumela olinganayo oguquguqukayo:
- kuvusa izinhlungu ezihlangene noma zibathuthukise;
- kubangela ukuqwasha;
- kudala izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu;
- kusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokuguga yomzimba;
- kwandisa ukuhamba kwezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona.
Abaphenyi abakakwazi ukubonisa ngokugculisayo umphumela ofanayo wemifino emincane emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abalandeli abaningi bemibono yengozi yokuqothuka benza imizamo yokunciphisa inani labo ekudleni kwabo.
Umphumela wama-alkaloid e-steroidal ohlelweni lwezinzwa
Ukucwaninga okuningi kwezokwelapha okwenziwe kwimikhiqizo eyakhiwe nge-nightshade kuhlotshaniswa nezinto ezikhethekile eziyingxenye yazo. Imayelana ne-alkaloids.
Ama-alkaloid e-Steroid ayingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba angaba nomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Zivimba umsebenzi we-cholineterase kumaseli ezinzwa, wona, okuholela kokulawulwa okungalungile kokuhamba kwemisipha ngohlelo lwezinzwa. Izimpawu ukungqunqa kwemisipha, ukuqhaqhazela, kanye nokugunda. Kodwa-ke, uma sithatha njengesibonelo amazambane, umane nje awunayo inqwaba yama-alkaloid e-steroidal ukudala ukuphambuka okungenhla. Ngakho-ke ingozi ye-nightshade (okungenani eminye yayo) ihaba.
Ukuzwela kuSolanaceae
Isigaba esithile sabantu sibonisa ukungahambisani nemifino emndenini osondelene. Izimpawu ze-hypersensitivity kulezi zilimo ezinjalo zingafaka:
- ukuqhuma
- i-urticaria;
- isicanucanu
- ukulunywa
- ukuvuvukala
- imisipha nobuhlungu obuhlangene;
- ukuhlanza
- isifo sohudo
- ukuqhakaza;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-mucus.
Indlela engcono yokuxazulula le nkinga ukungabandakanyi nightshade ekudleni okuyisisekelo. Uma kungekho ukuzethemba okuqinile kokuthi kukhona ukusabela komzimba noma i-hypersensitivity kumkhiqizo, kepha izinsolo sezivele zivele, ochwepheshe batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi baqale ukugcina idayari yokudla futhi babhale phansi zonke izimpawu ezikuwo.
Amanye amalungu omndeni
Ngemuva kokuthola impendulo yombuzo, abakwaSolanaceae basaqhubeka beyimifino, bekungeke kube yinto enhle kakhulu ukusho ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa nazo zingamalungu omndeni.
Nightshade wezokwelapha
Noma kunezinzuzo ezithile zomzimba ezivela ezitshalweni zokwelapha zomndeni wakwaSolanaceae, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokunakekelwa okukhulu nemithamo ephansi, ngoba inobuthi. Leli qembu lingafaka:
- ama-wolfberries (i-expectorant, i-diuretic, i-choleretic, futhi esebenza ngempumelelo ezifweni zesikhumba, njenge-psoriasis);
- i-belladonna (amaqabunga nezimpande - ama-anesthetics amahle kakhulu nama-antispasmodics);
- i-henbane emnyama (isetshenziswa njenge-painkiller, sedative);
- i-dope ejwayelekile (umphumela we-antispasmodic and sedative);
- ugwayi (osetshenziswa emithini yesintu yokwelapha izifo zesikhumba);
- nabanye abanye.
Kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi ama-wolfberries ayisitshalo eselaphayo esiwusizo kakhulu.
Umhlobiso nightshade
Izitshalo zokuhlobisa zomndeni wama-nightshade zaziswa kakhulu ngabalimi. Lokhu kufaka i-petunia eyi-hybrid, ugwayi we-allspice, i-caliber calico kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-nightshade. Zonke ziba ngumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wesakhiwo sengadi futhi zingaba yinto ekhanyayo yanoma yikuphi ukwakheka komhlaba.
Ukuhlobisa ugwayi kuqhakaza kahle kakhulu
Umndeni onqenqemeni wehluke ngendlela emangalisayo. Yize kunesimo esijulisayo sabondli kanye nodokotela maqondana nalokho, abukho ubufakazi obukholisayo bokuthi amazambane, utamatisi, ama-eggplant noma utamatisi angalimaza umzimba. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele esabe ukuzidla, azitshale ezakhiweni zomuntu siqu futhi zisebenzise ukwakheka kwezokwelapha okusekelwe kwizitshalo ze-nightshade.
