Eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-400 eyedlule, iplanethi enguMhlaba yayicishe yagcwala amafonti amade ngendlela yezihlahla. Manje iningi lazo liyizinhlobo zomhlaba, ezinye zikhula emagatsheni, njengama-epiphytes, kukhona nezinhlobo zasemanzini. Akumangazi ukuthi kukhona ama-ferns njengezitshalo zasendlini.
Izinhlobo ze-Indoor Ferns
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa eziphambili:
I-Ferns emvelweni
- I-Nephrolepis (i-Nephrolepis exaltata) iyona hlobo lwefern oludumile kakhulu olutshalwe ekhaya. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yiPulmosa enamaqabunga amnyama agqamile kanye neRooseveltia enamaqabunga athambile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Can can zingamahlamvu anezinhlaka, uNorwoodii onamahlamvu aphindwe kabili kanye namaqabunga amfushane, iWhitmanii enamaqabunga amancanyana acwebile;
Ukuphakama kweNephrolepis
- Adiantum. Le fern ebukekayo enesakhiwo esihle, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kuma-30- 40 cm. Amaqabunga ayo aluhlaza okotshani, afana nesimo samaqabunga esitshalo seGingcobiloba. Kubonakala ngokukhula ngokushesha okukhulu (ukuphinda kabili ubukhulu bawo ngesizini eyodwa) nokuphinde kwenziwe kabusha ngokushesha. Ayithandwa njengeNefrolepis, futhi ngoba ithambekele kakhulu ekushintsheni kwendawo, isheshe ishabala esimweni sezimo ezingemnandi kuye;
Adiantum Fern
- I-Platycerium salmon (i-Platycerium alcicorne) - i-fern yasekhaya ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Amaqabunga akhula aze abe ngu-70 cm ubude, abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi afana ngesimo sezimpondo zodaka. Lesi sitshalo yi-epiphyte. Amashidi aphansi makhulu, ayindilinga, ane-tint brownish. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zona, zinamathela emagatsheni esihlahla somsingathi, zisebenza njengohlobo lwesitsha lapho amanzi anqwabelana kusuka ekushwabeni. Kancane kancane, amaqabunga amadala ayafa, akha ama-humus, futhi aqukethe kulezi ziqukathi futhi asetshenziselwa ukondla kwezimpande zesitshalo;
I-Platycerium alcicorne
- I-Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia). Izwe lakubo yiNew Zealand, lapho inhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba inothile khona emadwaleni e-limestone. Amacembe ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani, anesikhumba. Isitshalo sincane ngosayizi, kuze kufike ku-30 cm ukuphakama;
I-Pellaea rotundifolia
- I-Asplenium nidus (Asplenium nidus). Kubonakala ngamaqabunga acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani enza irosette ebunjwe ngethambo. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, zingaba ngama-wavy, zifakwe i-serated, incane noma ibanzi, ubude - bube ku-1 m.
Asplenium nidus
Izinzuzo nobubi bokulungiswa kwekhaya
Indoor fern ilungele ukukhula emizini. Ukuzilungiselela akubangeli izinkinga ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwamaqabunga okuqala kuletha umoya oyingqayizivele efulethini.
Inani lokuhlobisa
Amandla okuhlobisa ingaphakathi lendlu anquma inani lokuhlobisa lesitshalo; izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafernik zinikeza ukhetho oluningi kuma-florists ngokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile noma olunye. Ngayinye yazo inezici zayo ezihlukile, ivezwe ngesakhiwo nosayizi weziqu namaqabunga. Isebenzise ngempumelelo i-fern yasemgwaqweni ekubukweni kwendawo, ukuhlobisa izingadi nezingadi.
Zuza futhi ulimaze izakhamizi zasendlini
Izinganekwane eziningi nezinkolelo-ze kuhlotshaniswa nalesi sitshalo. Kunezakhi ezisekela ngokwesayensi futhi ezilimazayo zesitshalo.
Izinzuzo ezingafikelelwa yi-fern ekhaya:
- Ngokuphumelelayo ubamba ubuthi. Isibonelo, iNephrolepis ihlanza umoya we-formaldehyde kanye ne-xylene;
- Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu (ukuhamba kwamanzi ngesitshalo), kuthambisa umoya.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Ferns ayakwazi ukuthola imisebe ye-electromagnetic, okuthi ezindlini zesimanje, igcwele amasimu kagesi avela kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, iyimpahla enhle yesitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, ama-ferns angaba yingozi kubantu:
- Kwangathi kungavusa ikhanda uma besekamelweni lokulala, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dayokhisi ebusuku;
- Abaphethwe yi-allergy kwesinye isikhathi basabela kabi ezinhlangeni zezitshalo.
Izici ezinoshevu zezinhlobo ezithile
Izici ezinobuthi zeferns ziyabonakala lapho usebenzisa isitshalo ukudla noma lapho wenza umuthi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo zomgwaqo nezasendle zisetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekwelapheni, kufaka phakathi izindlela eziningi zokupheka ezisebenzisa izingxenye ezihlukile zefern.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I eNgilandi, inani labantu lafaka esikhundleni se-asparagus ngamahlumela amancane wefern.
Izinto ezitholakala ku-rhizome ye-thyroid ne-Ostrich zinomphumela onobuthi. Ubuthi ngu-Orlyak, amahlumela amancane awo aqedwa ngabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela onobuthi kumuntu ungasebenza nangobisi, uma isilwane sidle isitshalo.
Ukuze ugweme ubuthi nge-fern namalungiselelo enziwe kuwo, udinga ukwazi imithetho yokulungiswa kwawo futhi uqaphele ngokunembile umthamo wemishini yezokwelapha.
Kungenzeka yini ukugcina i-fern efulethini
Inkazimulo ye-esoteric yesitshalo iphakamisa ukungabaza ukuthi kuphephile yini ukugcina i-fern ekhaya. Ngokwezinkolelo eziyimfihlakalo, kuthwala nomthelela omubi futhi omuhle kumuntu.
Ukudla i-fern
Kuyamangaza ikakhulukazi izinganekwane ngembali yefern, okunzima kakhulu ukuyithola ngenxa yezimbali ezimbalwa, kepha ongayizwa inhlanhla uyamamatheka umuntu oyitholile.
Amandla angaqondakali athiwe ngesitshalo:
- Ikhuthaza ubudlelwane obuhle bemindeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezihlukile;
- Iqinisa amandla abalulekile, ivumelanisa isimo sengqondo. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kungaphikisana namandla, ukufaka isandla ekubonakala kwezifo;
- Kuvikela izakhamizi ezindlini kumathonya amabi, ukulimala, njll;
- Yehlisa i-penchant yokungcola kwezezimali.
Abantu abanqumayo kungenzeka baxakeke ukutshala i-fern ekhaya, bekholelwa ukuthi isitshalo siheha ubunzima kanye nobubi. Kodwa-ke, kwabaningi bezimbali, izinganekwane ze-esoteric akuyona isithiyo ekukhuleni isitshalo efulethini, sithokozela ukubukeka kwaso okungajwayelekile.
Ukutshala i-fern ebhodweni
Izimpande ze-fern zikhula ngokushesha, bese ibhodwe ligxotshwa, ngakho-ke isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa konyaka. Iziqu namaqabunga kubuye kuboniswe ngokukhula okukhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlabathi ilahlekelwa ngokushesha izakhi zomzimba, okuyisizathu sesibili sokufakelwa njalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma amahlumela amancane eba nombala ophuzi esikhundleni semifino egcwele, lokhu kusebenza njengophawu lokuthi fern kufanele itshalwe enhlabathini entsha.
Isitshalo esakhekile siyeka ukukhula okukhulu, imvamisa yokufakelwa iyancipha ibe yiminyaka emithathu. Isikhathi esihle senqubo yintwasahlobo, masinyane ngemuva kwenkathi yokuphumula.
Ama-fern amaningi ahlala ehlathini, yingakho akhetha inhlabathi enomswakama, enothile. Isixazululo esizedlula zonke ukuthenga i-primer ekhethekile yeferns. Uma iphekwe ngokwayo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka umquba oqabulayo lapho, ikhulisa inani le-humus. Umhlaba kufanele ube ukukhanya, unomoya, uthambisa umswakama kahle, kepha ungavimbeli ukuvuza kwawo.
Ukuze ukhule i-fern, kusetshenziswa i-acid substrate, indawo ene-alkaline yesitshalo ayibekezelelwa. Ngokulungiselela okuzimele kwenhlabathi, ishidi nenhlabathi yefudu kuhlanganiswa ne-peat, isihlabathi esimahhadla nomquba womshidi. I-substrate elungiselelwe ifakwa kuhhavini osuke ushelwe amahora angama-1-1.5. Lokhu kuzosebenza njenge-prophylaxis emelana nezinambuzane.
Ukufakelwa kukaFern
Imbiza enhle yesitshalo inzima, inobumba obungcono, ekwazi ukudonsa futhi inikeze umswakama. Iziqukathi ezikhanyayo zingaphethuka lapho i-fern ikhula i-asymmetrically.
Izigaba Zokudluliselwa:
- Faka i-fern ngqo ebhodweni esitsheni esigcwele amanzi, linda imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20, bese ujikisa isitsha sezimbali ususe isitshalo ngesigaxa sobumba;
Kubalulekile! Uma i-fern igcina ukubukeka okunempilo, uhlelo lwempande nalo alunazo izindawo ezibolile noma ezomile, isitshalo singatshalwa endaweni entsha. Lapho kukhona izimpande ezibolile noma ezomile, kufanele zisikwe, ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate futhi zifafazwe ngamalahle. Bese uqala inqubo yokutshala.
- Phansi kwembiza kubeka ungqimba lwamanzi (amatshe amancanyana, amachwane wezitini, njll.);
- Ithangi ligcwele kuze kube maphakathi nenhlabathi eqeda;
- Lesi sitshalo kufanele sitshalwe ngokucophelela, kancane kancane sifafaza ngenhlabathi, sishiya intamo yezimpande ikhululekile;
- Ukunisela okuningi ngemuva kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukunisela okulandelayo ngeke kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulinda ukomiswa kwenhlabathi kusuka phezulu.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, lapho i-fern imile, ukunakekelwa kuyaqala njengokujwayelekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwefern
Ama-Fern ahambisana ngokungafanele nedumela lokuthi kunzima futhi kuyazinzima ukuzikhulisa. Eqinisweni, ngemuva kwenkathi ethile yokujwayela, lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezingathobeki kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zingamahlathi, zithanda indawo efudumele nenomswakama efudumele. Indawo ekahle efulethini yifasitela lasempumalanga noma lasentshonalanga, ikhishi elikhanyayo. Uma iwindi libheke eningizimu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sigqame intwasahlobo kanye nehlobo ntambama.
Ukunisela nokondla
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwefern ukuhluza amaqabunga njalo nokunisela njalo. Lesi sitshalo sizwela ukomiswa komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kayithandi inhlabathi enamanzi.
Ukunisela i-fern
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngamanzi athambile at lokushisa kwasekamelweni. Amanzi ompompi alukhuni kakhulu, aqukethe i-calcium carbonate eningi. Uketshezi olufanele lokunisela ngamanzi emvula.
Kusukela ngo-Mashi kuya ku-Agasti, i-fern idinga ukondliwa njalo, kepha hhayi kaningi ngenyanga. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wama ferns aqukethe ukugcotshwa okuphansi kwezakhi zomzimba kunalena yendawo yonke.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, isikhathi sokuphumula siqala isitshalo, ukuchelela kufanele kube nomkhawulo (kepha kungabi ngaphansi kwesikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki), futhi ukugqoka okungaphezulu kufanele kumiswe.
Ukushisa kanye nomswakama
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula ngu-18-21 ° C, ngesikhathi samaholide wasebusika kufanele abe phansi kancane, phakathi kuka-15-18 ° C.
Ekhaya, ukunakekelwa kwefern yangaphakathi kudinga ukwakhiwa komswakama ophezulu - ngaphezulu kwama-60%. Akufanele ibekwe eduzane nama-radiator noma eminye imithombo yokushisa. Isitshalo sithanda ukufafaza njalo. Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ukuthambisa komoya eduze kwawo. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwezitsha ze-ceramic ezigcwele amanzi.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ze-fern Platycerium alcicorne (izimpondo ze-Deer) azibekezeleli amaqabunga esula. Zinezinwele ezingamashele ezisiza ukubhekana nomoya owomile. Ukususa uthuli emaqabunga, kumane kufafazwe ngamanzi.
Ukuzala
Ngisho nabatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bayakugwema ukusakazeka kwe-fern ngokuhlwanyela izinhlamvu. Yize kuyathokozisa ukubona izigaba ngazinye zokukhula kwezitshalo ezincane, zibeka izidingo ezengeziwe emvelweni futhi zidinga isikhathi eside sokukhula.
Ngaphezu kwama-spores, i-fern ingaphindaphindeka ngezindlela ezintathu ezamukelekayo kubalimi:
- Isigaba. Le ndlela ilungele zonke izinhlobo ezinama-rhizomes aqhakaze kakhulu. I-rhizome imane ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi eziqukethe amakhanda (amaphuzu wokunamathiselwa amaqabunga). Izindawo ezinamahlumela okungenani amabili ahlukanisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho izingxenye ezivelayo zihlala ezitsheni ezihlukile;
Ukusakazwa kwe-Fern ngokwahlukana
- Isitshalo sinamahlumela ngesimo semicibisholo. Ziguqa emhlabathini ezitsheni eziseduzane futhi zigxilile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, inqubo iyaqala, bese kufika isikhathi sokuyihlukanisa nomuntu omdala;
- Izinso eziseceleni. Ama-Brood buds ahlukaniswa lapho izimpande zakha phezu kwazo. Amahlumela amancanyana adluliselwa ezimweni ezigcina ukushisa ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okungenani kwama-23 ° C. Zingadalwa esitsheni seplastiki. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha, amahlumela adluliselwa kwezinye iziqukathi ezihlukile.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ze-Adiantum, iPellaea nePteris zilungele ukusatshalaliswa ngama-lateral buds.
Kungani amaqabunga omile futhi aphenduka aphuzi?
Imvamisa, izitshalo zihlushwa izifo zomzimba, ezingumphumela wokunakekelwa okunganele kwefern yasekhaya. Yini okufanele ngiyibheke?
Ikakhulu, kufanele kube yinkinga lapho amathiphu amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, iqabunga lonke lithola umbala ompofu. Isizathu singakhala kakhulu, sibangele ukubola kwezimpande, noma umswakama ophansi.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nezimpawu ezinjalo ezethusayo, amaqabunga anesifo asuswa wona uqobo. Ngemuva kokuthena, udinga ukususa amaphutha enziwe, vumela isitshalo ukuthi silulame futhi uqhubeke nokunakekela kahle.
Ukomisa amaqabunga ku-fern
UFern naye angafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane noma izifo, kepha azidlali indima enkulu empilweni yalezi zitshalo. Uma ama-ferns ekushisa aphansi isikhathi eside futhi umswakama ephezulu, angangenwa yisikhunta. Kulesi simo, kuvela amabala ama-grey noma ama-oval grey brown, emaqabungeni, kwesinye isikhathi azungezwe umngcele. Amaqabunga athelelekile fungus kufanele asuswe futhi abhujiswe, khona-ke isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe nge fungicides.
Kulezi zinambuzane, amabala abhekwa njengokujwayelekile, adla engaphansi kweqabunga, amunca ujusi kuwo. Amacembe ambozwe amabala aphuzi, bese ephenduka aphuzi ngokuphelele bese efa. Incwajana ezilimele kumele zigawulwe, sonke isitshalo siphathwa ngama-insecticides.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi i-fern yomile ukunisela okuqabulekile. Kulokhu, ingavuselelwa ngokufaka ebhodweni esitsheni esikhulu esigcwaliswe ngamanzi, bese usishiya lapho imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Phinda inqubo yezinsuku ezimbalwa.
I-Fern nezinhlobo zayo zithandwa njengezitshalo zasekhaya ngenxa yokunakekelwa okulula namathuba amahle kakhulu wokuhlobisa. Yize kungekho okuqhakaza, kepha zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi amaphutha abaqalayo balimi angenza ingozi encane.
