Ukufaka izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla entwasahlobo kanye nokufaka umanyolo emhlabathini

Ukufaka izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana entwasahlobo kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekelwa, ngoba ukuhlobisa, ukukhula nokukhiqiza kuncike kuyo. Izizukulwane zemvelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu umhlabathi, njengoba zidinga umsoco minyaka yonke. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kufanelekile ukondla izitshalo usebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile. Inani elidingekayo lezakhi zomsoco enhlabathini libhekwa njengesihluthulelo sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nenani elikhulu lezithelo. Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kukamanyolo kuzoqinisa izihlahla, futhi kuvikeleke ezifweni.

Izinhlobo zomanyolo, umthelela wazo

Lapho kufika intwasahlobo futhi kuphakama izinga lokushisa lomoya, kuwo wonke amahlahla nezihlahla inqubo yezimila yenzeka ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke kulesikhathi sonyaka lapho zidinga khona izakhamzimba eziningi. Njengomthetho, kokondla abasebenza iminyaka eminingi besebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zomanyolo:

• Amaminerali
• Okuphilayo

Umanyolo esikhwameni

Okuphilayo

Umanyolo wemvelo unomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni okusebenzayo nasekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwezitshalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Umquba;
• Izinyoni ezilahlayo;
• I-Peat;
• Isawdust;
• ISiderata (inqwaba eluhlaza yotshani obuhlukahlukene abasakazeke emhlabathini);
• Umquba (zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo)

Ukufaka izihlahla nezihlahlana entwasahlobo nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kukuvumela ukuthi ucebise inhlabathi ngezakhi ezahlukahlukene ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni. Izinto eziphilayo zikhipha inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide futhi zinikeze izitshalo umsoco womoya.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-organics ngumphumo wesikhathi eside nokutholakala emhlabathini kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziphilayo zandisa umsebenzi nenani lamagciwane amancane omhlaba futhi iyindlela yokuthola izakhi.

Galela umhlabathi ngezandla zakho

Futhi ngosizo lokugqoka oluphezulu lwe-organic ongakwenza:

• Thuthukisa inhlabathi nge-humus;
• Ukwandisa izakhiwo zokufaka kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi;
• Khuphula inani lezinto zokukhula (auxin, heteroauxin, gibberellin) enhlabathini;
• Ukuze uthuthukise amanzi, izakhiwo ezishisayo nezomoya zenhlabathi.

Umquba wezakhi zezitshalo unemvelo ene-alkaline; lapho ungeniswa emhlabathini, i-acidity yenhlabathi ingancishiswa futhi izitshalo zivikeleke ezifweni ezingakhona.

Umanyolo we-Organic - humus esihlalweni esinamasondo

Amaminerali

Umanyolo wamaminerali angamanyolo wamakhemikhali adalwe izindlela zokufakelwa. Zithathwa kalula yizitshalo kalula futhi ngokushesha, uma umthamo ukhethwe ngokungafanele, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo okunjalo kungavusa ukubukeka kwezifo noma nokufa kwezitshalo. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa, izakhiwo zamaminerali yilezi:

• I-nitrogen
• I-Phosphoric;
• Potash.

I-nitrogen

Umanyolo weNitrogen unomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo, unomthelela ekukhuleni kwesisindo eluhlaza, ukhuphule umkhiqizo futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimbali nezithelo esevele sezakhiwe.

Phosphoric

Ukugqoka okuqukethe phosphorus kuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande, kusize ukukhulisa ukumelana kwesitshalo emazingeni okushisa komoya, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi nokunambitheka kwezithelo.

Potash

Bakhulisa umkhiqizo, bakhuphule ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa komoya nezifo zokukhunta. Umanyolo we potazone osetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukhuthaza ukukhula okuhle kanye nokwenza izithelo.

Umanyolo wamaminerali - phosphorus ne-potash

Umanyolo nini futhi kanjani

Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, nini, ini nokuthi yikuphi ubungako bokufaka umanyolo, kufanele unamathele esimisweni esithile.

Ukufaka i-nitrogen ngoMashi

Izitshalo zasengadini ziqala ukondla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo zidinga i-nitrogen eningi. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi uhlobo lomanyolo oluqukethe i-nitrogen lunezinketho eziningi, kwisitshalo ngasinye sikhethwe ngokuqinile ngunye:

• I-Urea (urea), imfucumfuzi ne-bird droppings, njengomthetho, ama-apula wokuphakela kanye namapheya;
• I-Carbamide ne-nitrate feed plums nama-cherries;
• Ama-Berry bush afaka i-nitrophosic ne-potassium nitrate;
• Ukuze uthole ama-bush, ukugqoka izimpande ngokhuni lomlotha kanye ne-urea kuyasetshenziswa (4 tbsp.spoons yomlotha kanye ne-3 tbsp.spoons ye-urea encibilikisiwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi).

Isithomba 5 Umanyolo ungeniswa emgqeni wesiqu sesihlahla

Ungayondla kanjani ingadi ngo-Ephreli

Lapho kuvela izimbali ezitshalweni zezithelo engadini, lapho ihlumela lokuqala liqhuma, futhi kuqhakaza amaqabunga amancane, kubalulekile ukufaka umquba nge-potassium ne-phosphorus. Iphosphorus izosiza izimpande ukuthi ziqine futhi zikhule kahle, i-potassium izoba nomthelela ekukhuleni okuhle kwamagatsha aseceleni. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zomanyolo zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlukile.

Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ama-phosphorus aqukethe ama-phosphorus afakwa emhlabathini, engxenyeni yesibili yenyanga ungafaka umquba izitshalo ngomanyolo we-potash. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli, lapho izihlahla nezihlahla eziqhakaza, kufakwa izinto eziphilayo. Kulokhu, ukwenza umquba kuzosebenza kangcono.

Ukufaka izicucu ezi-2 zokufaka umanyolo kumaminerali

Ukudla kwentwasahlobo kokugcina

NgoMeyi, izihlahla zezithelo zisethiwe futhi zakhiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazondla kanjani izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo - kufanelekile ukusebenzisa kuphela izakhi zemvelo (humus, umquba, humus).

Amabhasi nezihlahla kudliwa ngokwezinhlelo ezilandelayo (ngokuzithandela):

• Emhlabeni ozungeze izitshalo, kumele kwenziwe ama-grooves amancane bese kumanyelwa kuwo. Le yindlela ejwayelekile yokudla;
• Umanyolo uhlakazeka uzungeze isihlahla noma isihlahla futhi wemba kanye nenhlabathi evela kusitshalo;
• Inhlabathi engaphansi kwesitshalo ngaphambili idedelwe, yahlanganiswa futhi yahlanganiswa kahle nomhlabathi;
• Umquba uxutshwe ngemboza mulch futhi umbozwe ngale nhlanganisela umbuthano wesihlahla.
• Maphakathi no-Meyi, izimbali eziningi zama-berry shrub zenzeka, ngakho-ke kufanele zondliwe ngesisombululo se-slurry noma i-urea.

Ukulima kwe-greenhouse entwasahlobo

Isikhathi esifanelekile sokucebisa inhlabathi ku-greenhouse ukuphela kuka-Mashi noma ukuqala kuka-Ephreli. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izimbotshana ze-potash ne-phosphorus, umquba, i-humus kanye nezinsimbi zenkukhu. Kumanyolo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-humus, kuzosiza ukufudumeza inhlabathi kahle futhi kugcwalise ngezinto eziwusizo. Kusebenzisa umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus fertilization, kufanelekile ukulandela imiyalo futhi ukondle izitshalo, ukhethe ngokucophelela umthamo, ngoba ukumvundiswa okungafanele kungabhubhisa lonke ungqimba lomhlaba lokutshala.

Faka izihlahlana zezithelo zomanyolo

Ukondla izihlahla zezithelo kungcono, ukuhlanganisa nokunisela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo umanyolo ezizungeze lonke umngcele womqhele. Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangwe:

• Kuyafaneleka ukufaka umanyolo we-urea ne-ketshezi, zombili ngaphansi kwezithelo nangaphansi kwesihlahla se-coniffort ngezikhathi ezihlukile;
• Musa ukusebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu okuqukethe i-phosphorus kanye ne-fluff lime ngasikhathi sinye;
• Ngaphambi kokondla, kubalulekile ukunisela izitshalo kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushiswa kwezimpande ngeke kugwenywe;
• Ngokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo nangezikhathi zokushisa okukhulu, izitshalo azondli, futhi ihlobo nakho akulungele lokhu.

Ukwethulwa kwezihlahla eziphilayo

Izithombo zokugqoka zasentwasahlobo

Ukutshala izithombo kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala. Enhlabathini enothiswe izakhi zomzimba, izitshalo ezitshaliwe zinezimpande ngokushesha, zizokhula futhi zikhule kangcono, futhi zibekezelele nokubanda ekwindla.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwefoliar

Ukugqokwa phezulu kwezihlahla phezulu kwentwasahlobo - ukufafaza kwezihlahla nezihlahlana ngomanyolo, kuyilapho izinto ezizuzisayo zidonswa ngamaqabunga neziqu. Kungcono ukufafaza izitshalo ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Okokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar, izixazululo zilungiswa ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo nangokugqoka izimpande eziphezulu, kepha ukugxila kwabo kufanele kube yingxenye.

Ukwenza ukugqokwa phezulu kwesihlahla

Ukudla okunempilo

Ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande, umanyolo usetshenziswa ngqo enhlabathini, ukuthathwa kwezakhi zomsoco kwenzeka ngezimpande. Umanyolo we-Liquid wethulwa kuma-grooves angajulile eduze kwezitshalo. Zenziwe ngombuthano ezingeni lomngcele womqhele. Uma umhlabathi womile kakhulu amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, kuyadingeka ukunisela izihlahla.

Izindlela zokwenza ukugqokwa kwezimpande:

1. Ngaphandle kokushumeka, vele usakaze ebusweni bomhlaba;
2. Ngokufakwa enhlabathini nge-rake noma ihabhu;
3. Ngasikhathi sinye ngokuphuza (izixazululo ze-liquid).

Izinketho ezimbili zokuqala zisetshenziswa kuphela uma intwasahlobo yemvula ivelele. Inketho yesithathu isebenza ngempumelelo futhi isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kwakusekwindla eyomile.

Ukuze ulungiselele ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-liquid, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo oncibilika kahle emanzini, okuyi:

• Ukwebiwa;
• Amaconsi enkukhu;
• Mullein;
• Umanyolo weNitrogen, potash ne-phosphorus.

Ukulungiselela okuphakelayo kusuka ekubumbeni:

1. Umlotha wezinkuni, ubulongwe kanye ne-humus kuthathwa ngokulingana, kufakwe ebhakedeni ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu bese kuthululelwa phezulu ngamanzi.
2. Phikelela isonto lonke, kuvusa zonke izinsuku.
3. Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo enhlabathini, hluza ngamanzi ngengxenye ye-1: 10.

Umanyolo womanyolo we-Mullein wenziwa kanje:

1. Ibhakede ligcwele isigamu se-mullein.
2. Phezulu uye phezulu ngamanzi.
3. Kuhlanganisiwe.
4. Shiya ukuyofaka izinsuku eziyi-10-14.

Umanyolo nokushisa kwenhlabathi ku-greenhouse

Isikhulumi esinjalo esineglasi kufanele sihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini.

Umanyolo ovela kumanyolo wenkukhu wenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: 500 g yomquba ufafazwa ngamalitha amabili amanzi, anyakaziswe kahle futhi kwavela isisombululo esikhishwa emhlabathini.

Ama-Superphosphates (300 g) athululelwa ngamanzi (5 l) ngaphambi kokuba angeniswe enhlabathini, afakwa futhi ahlukaniswe nodaka. Thela amanzi bese ugcizelela okungenani kathathu ngaphambi kokufaka emhlabathini.

Ukufaka ingadi yezithelo entwasahlobo inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yazo zonke izihlahla namahlahla berry. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle ngaphandle kokufaka umquba, ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezondliwe nezihlahla zinokumelana kangcono nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kokugqoka okungaphezulu, kubalulekile nokunisela kahle izihlahla.