I-Astra isitshalo esinezimbali ezinotshani obuvela emndenini i-Asteraceae, noma i-Astra. Ikhula ezihlahleni, ingafinyelela ukuphakama okufika ku-150 cm. Iziqu ziqonde futhi ziqinile, amaqabunga alula. Ama-petals anokwakheka kolimi, angobude obuhlukile, aqoqwe kubhasikidi. Ukusondela maphakathi nesikhungo, kufinyeza amacembe. Ephakathi kukhona ukupenda okuphuzi, umbala wezinye ezifuywayo ungaba yini: oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, owolintshi, we-lilac, njll. Imbewu ephakeme ine-parachute yokusatshalaliswa kalula. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-200 ze-asters. Kukhona ama-aster wonyaka nangonyaka. Igama lesayensi yi-callistefus.
Incazelo yemibala
I-Asters yalethwa eYurophu ivela eChina. Igama ngesiLatini lihumusha ngokuthi "inkanyezi". Inganekwane yaseShayina ithi lapho izindela ezimbili zanquma ukufinyelela izinkanyezi, zenyuka izintaba zase-Altai. Ukubuya emuva nokwehluleka, bakhubeka emgqonyeni onezimbali, futhi enye yezindela yababaza: "Besifuna izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni, futhi bahlala emhlabeni!" Bababiza ngegama labo lokukhuluma - u-aster.
Isihloko
Ngemininingwane! I-Astra - uphawu lokuthobeka nobuhle, ihambisana neNkosazana.
Ama-Asters, ukutshala nokunakekela enkundleni evulekile engadingi mzamo omningi, kuzohlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi. Ungakhula kanjani ama-asters ezweni, kuya phambili.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ama-Asters (akhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni adinga inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle) uthanda inhlabathi ene-asidi eningi. Izingxube ezilungiselelwe zisetshenziselwa njengoba inhlabathi noma inhlabathi ilungiswa yodwa: i-peat, i-turf, isihlabathi ihlanganiswa ngesilinganiso se-2: 1: 0,5, kufakwa nengxenye yengilazi yomlotha wezinkuni (noma i-2 tbsp.spoons kafulawa we-dolomite), ivinjelwe futhi ikhiqizwe kubhokisi obuphindwe ihora. Uma kungenzeki ukubamba inhlabathi, ungamanzisa inhlabathi ngesixazululo esigcwalisiwe se-potanganum permanganate noma isikhunta. Lezi zindlela zenzelwe ukuvikela izithombo ezifweni zokukhunta ukuze kukhule izithombo ezinempilo.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwetanki lokufika kufanele kube nesendlalelo sokudonsa (amatshe, amachwane wezitini, amatshe amatshe), futhi phansi kufanele kube nokuvuleka kokuphuma komswakama ngokweqile.
Okokuqala, sebenzisa iziqukathi ezincane. Izithombo eziqinisiwe zithunyelwa emabhokisini ahlukene, emabhodweni noma ezinkomeni. I-Astra iyakubekezelela ukukhetha kahle futhi ikhula ngesilinganiso esikhulu.
Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela
Tshala nini i-asters yezithombo? Isikhathi esihle sisekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kuluhlaza okuluhlaza okuhle, kungahlwanyelwa ngoMashi, kodwa hhayi ngaphambili, ngoba izithombo ngeke zikukhanye.
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala
Isonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-asters, imbewu yazo ihlanganiswa ngezicubu futhi ifakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12, umswakama owedlula lapho uyakhishwa bese ufakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese ubekwa endaweni efudumele yokuhluma.
Imbewu ye-Aster inkulu, ngakho-ke itshalwa kancane.
Kubalulekile! Lapho utshala imbewu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokushesha alahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwawo, ngakho-ke kuyasetshenziswa kuphela okusha.
Ngokutshala, ama-grooves enziwe enhlabathini, imbewu ithululelwa lapho, ifafazwe ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi ngaphezulu bese ichithwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo. Mboza ngefilimu noma ngengilazi phezulu bese ushiya uvele endaweni efudumele. Amahlumela asafufusa abekwe endaweni epholile.
Imbewu entsha elungiselelwe kahle imila ezinsukwini ezingama-5- 10 ngemuva kokutshala.
Ungazinakekela kanjani izithombo
Kuyadingeka ukunisela i-aster kuyaqabukela nangobuningi, kepha hhayi ukuyithulula, ngoba imbali ingagula ngomlenze omnyama (ukhunta).
Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela okuqala, isitsha esinezithombo sibekwa endaweni enelanga futhi epholile (efasiteleni).
Izithombo ze-Aster ziphuma kahle. Uma umhlabathi wezakhi selungisiwe, umanyolo awudingekile. Emhlabathini ompofu, izithombo ziniselwa nge-biofertilizer noma ukumnika umlotha ngesonto ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Kubalulekile! Ungasebenzisi umanyolo we-nitrogen, ulimaza ikhwalithi yezimbali.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Inhlabathi evundile engeyona acidic ilungele ama-asters. Le ndawo ikhethiwe ekhanyayo, enelanga, lapho ukunisela kuyobe kungagadli ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Ukufakelwa
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-asters emgwaqweni, izitshalo ziyathukuthela: udinga ukuzikhiphela ngaphandle komgwaqo noma ukuvula iminyango uma izithombo zikhula eluhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke uzobekezelela kalula "ukuthutha" kanye nokupholisa okungenzeka.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi udlulisele izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi: amahlumela aqediwe kufanele abe ngu-10 cm ukuphakama futhi abe namaqabunga. Indawo ezintekenteke kakhulu lapho ihlumela lingena khona emgogodleni. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala, izimbali ziniselwa kakhulu futhi emva kwesigamu sehora ziyasuswa enhlabathini nge-toothpick noma umdlalo.
Amahlumela atshalwe emiseleni egcwele amanzi kude ne-20-30 cm, phakathi kwama-grooves ashiywe afinyelela kuhafu wemitha.
Ukufakelwa
Indlela yokufaka esikhundleni
Kungcono ukukhetha i-aster yaphakade, ukutshala nokunakekela endle okungekho nzima kakhulu kuyo.
Izimbali ze-aster ezikhulayo ezivela embewini zingenziwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbewu zimbozwe ngemifologo emincane, embozwe ngenhlabathi ngaphezulu ngaphezulu futhi embozwe ifilimu. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu idinga ukususwa. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amathathu aqinile, amahlumela anqanyulwe ngaphandle ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwawo libe ngu-10-15 cm. Izithombo ezingeziwe kufanele zimbiwe ngokucophelela zidluliselwe komunye umbhede.
Ukuhlela kanjani ukutshala okufanele entwasahlobo nangaphambi kobusika
Ebusika, ama-asters atshala ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Lapho bemba, umanyolo wengezwa enhlabathini. Ingaphezulu lidalwa nge-rake bese kwenziwa ama-grooves futhi ambozwe nge-lutrasil kuze kube yilapho kuneziqalo zokuqala.
Emaqandeni okuqala, imbewu eyomile ihlwanyelwa kuma-grooves alungiselelwe bese ifafazwa ngenhlabathi ku-2 cm.
Umbhede umbozwe ngopulasitiki, imiphetho icindezelwa ngezitini noma ngezitini. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlwanyelwa kusele ubusika. Entwasahlobo, eduze kuka-Ephreli, i-polyethylene ithathelwa indawo ngezinto zokumboza.
Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukulungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, khona-ke ngamanani aphansi usengakwazi ukutshala: bumba inhlabathi efriziwe, engeza umlotha noma i-humus yendlu bese uhlwanyela imbewu.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala imbewu eyomile kuvunyelwe kuphela emva kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Uma kutshalwe ngaphambili, ziyoqhakaza ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubandwe kakhulu futhi kufe.
Ukuhlwanyela
Nakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nokulungiselela ubusika
Ukulungiselela ubusika, ama-aster awadingi ukuvundiswa (kuphela uma lokhu kungamapulangwe amasha). Ukwehlisa isitshalo noma cha ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye. Kuzona zombili lezi zigameko, kubanda impela. Uma amahlahla omisiwe asikwa, khona-ke isisekelo kufanele simbozwe ngamahlamvu owomile. Uma isitshalo sibuthakathaka, simbozwa ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Aza kanjani ama-asters
Kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha zokusakaza izimbali.
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Ama-aster perennial asatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla entwasahlobo. Akudingekile ukumba ama-asters amahlathi, kwanele ukuhlukanisa ngefosholo. Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa yenziwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo siyovuselela futhi siqede ukuqina ngokweqile, okufaka isandla ekugugeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ungahlukanisa ihlathi libe izingxenye ezincane ngamahlumela amaningana. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ingxenye ngayinye izoba yisitshalo esizimele.
Kubalulekile! Esiqeshini ngasinye, kufanele kube amahlumela ambalwa noma ihlumela elinezimpande.
Isigaba
Izimbumbulu
Ukusika kwenziwa ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Isiqu singaba bobabili umqhele wesiqu nesento sonke. Indawo ibilisiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-asters, umbhede uvundiswa ngengxube ye-turf, i-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1. Ukusika okutshaliwe kumbozwe ngefilimu.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunakekela ama-asters akunzima. Yini okudingeka uyikhumbule?
Ukushisa
Ukushisa komoya akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta.
Isibani
Indawo yama-asters kufanele ibe yilanga, ngoba isitshalo asesabi ukukhanya. Ingatshalwa emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha izimbali zizoba ziningi.
Ukunisela
Imibhede iniselwa njengoba umhlabathi womile, ukugwema ukufaka amanzi hhayi ukugcwala inhlabathi.
Kwisimo sezulu esomile, izimpande zingambozwa ngotshani obomile noma ngesihlahla somdondo. Uma isimo sezulu lina, yeka ukuthambisa.
Ukufafaza
Ngokuyinhloko izithombo ezifuthwe noma amahlumela amancane emhlabathini ovulekile. Esontweni lokuqala, inqubo yenziwa kanye ngosuku, elesibili - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2, elesithathu - amahlandla ama-2 ngeviki.
Umswakama
Umswakama wenhlabathi uyadingeka ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile kufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni isikhunta nokubola kwesitshalo.
Inhlabathi
Inhlabathi kumele ivulwe ukuze kufakwe i-oxygen. Kudinga ukuthi kukhululwe ukhula njalo futhi kuvunwe, lokhu kuyasiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni.
Nakani! Musa ukutshala i-asters endaweni lapho utamatisi noma amazambane ekhule khona phambilini. Ngemuva kwabo, ama-pathogens wezifo zokukhunta ahlala emhlabathini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo usetshenziswa kathathu:
- Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokutshala;
- ngesikhathi kusungulwa efihlekile;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Umanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nomlotha wokhuni kufanelekile.
Kubalulekile! Ungondli ama-aster ngomanyolo we-nitrogen, ngoba wona enza ikhwalithi yezimbali.
Isibani
Iqhuma nini futhi kanjani
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ama-asters aqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo noma eduze ekwindla. Bahlukaniswe izinhlobo zezinto ngokuya ngempilo yabo, ukuphakama kwezihlahla nokuqhakaza izimbali.
Ethandwa kakhulu ama-asters:
- IsiShayina
- I-Alpine
- IsiNtaliyane
- IsiTatar;
- IsiSiberia
- izinhlobo ezimfushane;
- izinhlobo ze-chrysanthemum;
- izinhlobo ze-peony.
Ngemininingwane! Imvamisa izimbali zisesimweni sebhola. Ubungako bawo buxhomekeke ezinhlotsheni.
Izimbali ezinkulu ziyaqhakaza kuma-aster ezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-gnome yase-Italy;
- I-Galaxy
- Gala
- I-Oktyabrina;
- I-Snow White
Izimbali ezincane kunazo zonke ezinhlotsheni:
- i-alpine emfishane;
- IsiNgisi Esisha (saseMelika);
- igolide zisetshenziswa.
I-Asters iyaqhakaza isikhathi eside, njengoba ama-buds amasha amaningi enza ifomu ehlathini. Futhi ihlumela elilodwa liziqhenya ngamaviki ama-2-3, bese liyaphela kancane kancane. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni kuze kube nguJulayi kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala.
Izimbali
Ukufakelwa ngemuva kokuthenga nangesikhathi sokuzala
Isitshalo siyakubekezelela ukufakelwa kahle, into esemqoka ukungayilimazi izimpande, ulungiselele kahle inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala i-asters (enosawoti noma othululelwe nge-potanganum permanganate kusuka kwizinambuzane futhi ufake i-humus).
Kubalulekile! Ukulungisa imbali, kugcwele ngamanzi bese kumbiwa ngobumnene.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekukhuleni
Yiziphi izinkinga umgadli angabhekana nazo lapho ekhula i-aster?
Izinkinga ze-Leaf
Amahlamvu angaphenduka aphuzi, akhanyise, kuqubuke imicu emnyama kuwo, kuvuvukale kugcwele izinhlamvu. Ekugcineni, ziyancipha futhi zomile. Zonke lezi yizimpawu zokutheleleka kwesitshalo.
Izinambuzane
Phakathi kwezinambuzane kukhona:
- iziqubulo ze-slobbery zikhipha amagwebu lapho izibungu zikhula khona, zidla amaqabunga neziqu zentyatyambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kuncipha, futhi ngomonakalo omkhulu isitshalo siyafa. Ukuze ulwe nenkathazo, kusetshenziswa i-decoction kagwayi: u-400 g ubhajwe ebhakedeni lamanzi amahora angu-2. Umhluzi ophelile, kufakwa amanzi kumalitha ayi-10. Kufakwa insipho yokuhlanza encane ukuze umuthi unamathele emaqabungeni;
- i-meadow bug idla ujusi wezimbali, iziqu namaqabunga, ishiye amachashazi amhlophe qwa. Ukuze ulwe namagciwane, isitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo se-malathion noma i-pyrethrum;
- i-spider mite nayo idla ubisi lwesitshalo, kodwa ihlale ngemuva kwamaqabunga, okubenza baphuzi futhi baphelelwe amandla. Ukuze ulwe nayo, i-asters afafazwa nge-infusion kagwayi noma ka-anyanisi. Kungaba futhi i-decoction ye-yarrow;
- i-gamma scoop idla ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni zesitshalo. Kuyisikelesi okuvela kuso uvemvane onsundu ngephethini emaphikweni ngesimo sencwadi yesiGreek ethi "gamma". Kuxoshwa ngokufafaza nge-chlorophos noma i-karbofos;
- i-aphid yezinso idla izitshalo (ikakhulukazi amathiphu) esigabeni sokutshala. Ukuze ulwe, fafaza ama-chlorophosomes noma ama-karbofosomes.
Ama-aphid
Isifo
Izifo ze-asthma ezingaba khona:
- I-Fusarium Umenzeli we-causative ukutheleleka ngefungus. Amagciwane akhula enhlabathini futhi angena kwisitshalo ngohlelo lwezimpande. Amaqabunga aqala ukufiphala, aphenduke aphuzi, aqine, kuvela amabala amnyama. Ibonakala kuyaqabukela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle (amazinga okushisa aphezulu). Isitshalo esithintekile kumele sisuswe, futhi sikhule ngokufafazwa ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi. Futhi, inhlabathi ifafazwa nge-quicklime;
- umlenze omnyama. Umenzeli we-causative ukutheleleka ngefungus. Izithombo zithintekile: okokuqala ziba mnyama, bese kuthi isiqu siqale ukubola. Isitshalo esinezifo siyasuswa, okusele kuphathwa ngesisombululo se-bleach. Inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ifafazwa ngesihlabathi;
- ukugqwala. Amaqabunga avuvukala emhlane. Amaphosta agcwele ifomu le-spores. Izitshalo ezithintekile zifafazwa ngengxube yesibabule ne-lime ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 noma i-Bordeaux liquid;
- jaundice. I-ejenti ye-causative yi-aphid ne-cicadas. Amaqabunga aqala ukukhanyisa futhi alahlekelwe umbala. Ukukhula kwehla, ama-buds aphenduka aluhlaza. Izitshalo ezithintekile ziyasuswa. Ukuze ulwe namagciwane, afafazwa ngefivafew noma nge-actelik. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulwa nama-aphid (ukufafaza nge-decoction noma ukumnika kwe-yarrow).
Lesi sifo
Izimpawu zokunakekelwa okungafanele
Yize i-asters ibhekwa njengemibala engenakubekeka phansi, isadinga ukunakekelwa okuthile.
- Imbali iyasaba isomiso, kepha ukubonwa kwayo kuyingozi: ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, isitshalo siyoma, ngokweqile - siyabuna.
- Ama-Asters adinga ukhula: lokhu kuvikela kuzo izilokazane nezifo.
- Ukubonakala kwezilonda nakho kungumphumela wokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi.
Kunoma ikuphi, ama-asters asifanele isikhathi esichithwa kuwo. Into esemqoka ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene, ukutshala ngendlela efanele futhi unikeze izimo ezidingekayo. Futhi-ke izimbali zizothokozisa iso kulo lonke ihlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.
