Ukuqhakaza okuhle futhi okude, kunganciphisi inhlabathi esakhiweni, ukunakekelwa okungatheni amandla nobungqabavu - lezi yizizathu ezenza abalimi bakhethe ibhalsamu ngemibhede yabo yezimbali. Njenganoma isiphi isiko, ibhalsamu engadini inezici zokutshala nokunakekela, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukufeza izimbali ezinhle kakhulu, kudingeka zazi.
Umsuka kanye nokubukeka kwama-balsirasi engadi
Ingadi Balsamine ingeyamalungu omndeni wamaBhalsamu, i-genus Impatiens. Kusuka kwisiLatini, leli gama lihumusha ngokuthi "elingenakuchazeka, elingenakuchazeka." Izithelo ezivuthiwe zesitshalo zivulwa lapho zithintwa, zilahla imbewu ngaphakathi endaweni engamamitha ayi-2.
Ingadi yebhalsamu
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-500. Ukuhlukahluka nokwanda okunjalo ezifundeni eziningi zeplanethi kwenza kube nzima ukunquma kahle izwe lezimbali. Imvamisa, amabhalithamini akhula ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.
Nakani! Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhula yiYurophu, iNyakatho Melika, i-Asia, ingxenye yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Izitshalo "ezingenakunyakaziswa" zatholakala ngekhulu le-17. Izincazelo zabo zokuqala zivela ku-1869 futhi zihlobene nezinhlobo ezitholakala eNdiya nasezindaweni zase-Asia ezingasemngceleni wakhona. Iningi lezinhlobo latholakala futhi lahlukaniswa ngekhulu le-XIX, ngesikhathi sokufunda ngentshiseko kwamakhona weplanethi akude nempucuko. Okokugcina ukutholakala kwakuyiqembu lama-bhalithamini avela eNew Zealand. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka we-1989.
Ukuqhakaza njalo amabhali emazweni aseNtshonalanga kubizwa iBusy Lizzie, kanti eRussia imbali le yayiqanjwa ngokuthi uVanka Wet. Uma ubheka kuqala, ayihlotshaniswa nhlobo nesitshalo. Igama elinjalo elingavamile lihlotshaniswa nesici esithandekayo: amaconsi amafomu amnandi we-liquid kumaqabunga ebhalsamu. Kancane kancane baba lukhuni bese baphenduka amabhola kashukela.
Ekuqaleni, esimeni sethu sezulu, ama-bhalithamini ayelinywa kuphela ekhaya. Kepha ngenxa yomsebenzi wokufuya, kwavela izinhlobo zokulungiswa kwemigwaqo. Kwavela kanjalo ibhalsamu engadini. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke, isihlahla esinamanzi, amagatsha aminyene, isiqu namaqabunga. Banesici esisodwa: ukungashintshi, baphuka kalula. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kuyehluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-70 cm.
Nakani! Esikhathini sezulu lina noma ngesikhathi senkungu, lesi sitshalo sikhululwa emswakama ngokweqile ngendlela engajwayelekile: amaconsi efomu eliwuketshezi emaqabunga awo.
Amaconsi omswakama emaqabungeni esitshalo
Ama-balsamine asemgwaqweni ahlukile kwegumbi "abafowethu":
| Uhlu lobuchwepheshe | Inqubo ejwayelekile yokukhishwa |
| Abakhi | ifomu lesiginali; amagilavu I-PPE yobuso nezindlebe; ama-ejenti wokwehlisa amandla |
| Abashayeli | ama-mittens; isudi efudumele; izicathulo zokuphepha |
| Ukuhambisa | izimbokodo; amagilavu AmaJakethi ibhulukwe. |
| Abasebenzi bezentengiso | ama-kerchief; amagilavu izinto zokugeza |
| Abasebenzi bezolimo | amagilavu izicathulo ama-mittens. |
| Abasebenza ngogesi | amagilavu akhethekile wokugcotshwa; izicathulo zokuphepha; isikhafu sekhanda; okubekwa okuphezulu; izingubo zangaphansi ezishisayo zo-dielectrics. |
Kubalulekile! Ama-balsamu engadi yangaphakathi awatholakali. Izinhlobo ezikhula emibhedeni yezimbali zingama-bals Vitami njalo ngonyaka.
Incazelo yamabhalsamu aqhakaza izimbali
Ama-Buds nezimbali zakha phansi kwamaqabunga. Izimbali zinosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukile, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ukwehlukahluka kombala wamaphalishi - ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kowe-maroon. Okuvame kakhulu ngopinki futhi onsomi. Ngo nzalo, amacembe kungaba terry.
Kubalulekile! Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi kwama-balsam engadini ayikho.
Ukuqhakaza enkundleni evulekile kuhlanganisa cishe sonke isikhathi sokukhula, kuba ngesikhathi kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamabhalsamu wokutshala ngaphandle
Izinhlobo eziningi zebhalsamu yengadi ezifuywa eYurophu, aziningi kangako. Izitshalo zihlukile ngombala wezimbali, ukwakheka, ukwakheka. Kunezimo ezifana ne-camellias, ama-roses, i-carnations.
UTom Tamb
Amabhishi aminyene acwebile anobude obungamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-40. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene yamaphalishi nesikhathi sezimbali. Izimbali ze-Terry, ngamanani amakhulu amboza izihlahla ngoJuni futhi zihlala, zithathe indawo yazo kuze kube ngoSepthemba. Futhi uma izinga lokushisa lomoya livumela, khona-ke uTom Tamb uqhakaza kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Izindawo zangaphambili zinezindawo ezinomthunzi omncane, nenhlabathi evundile engenacala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, unikeza izimbali ezinhle kakhulu futhi ziningi. Kulula ukumnakekela.
Okuhlukahlukene uTom Tamb
I-Iron Balzamin
Igama elithi "ethwele insimbi" lichazwa ngokuba khona kwezindlala ezikhethekile, amalunga aminyene atholakala phansi kwamapuleti angamaqabunga. Amahlumela wonyaka abushelelezi, afinyelela ku-50 cm ukuphakama. Amacembe aluhlaza ogqamile, okusaqanda, cishe amasentimitha ayi-15. Izimbali zinanyathiselwe emabhulashini amade. Umbala wabo ungaba opinki, obomvu okhanyayo, owomdwebo weewayini.
Kubalulekile! Okubi ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungaphenduka ukhula.
Ibhalsamu Hawker
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yalolu hlobo yiNew Guinea, eSolomon Islands. Yatholwa yi-botanists ngo-1884. Izinhlobo ezikhula endle azange zithathe isiko lokuhlobisa ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesisekelo sabo, kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlakulela izinhlobo ze-hybrid.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sebhalsamu likaHocker izimbali ezinkulu zohlobo oluhlaza onsomi onomhlophe ogqamile. Amaqabunga angama-ellipsoid, aluhlaza okotshani, anemithambo ye-beige.
Ibhalsamu enezimbali ezinkulu
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lezi zinhlobo eSri Lanka. Yaziswa ngabalimi, iya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezimbali ezinkulu. Ububanzi babo bufika ku-6 cm. Futhi umbala uhlukile: mhlophe, upinki, ubomvu ugcwele, usalimoni, onsomi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinombala wemibala emibili nazo zakhiwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-buds amasha ahlala akha futhi aqhakaza, umphumela wokuqhakaza kwezimbali wesikhathi eside kwenzeka. Kuphela kuphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Isitshalo esenziwe sasimiswe bush, simbozwe ngamahlamvu. Ukuphakama kwawo nobubanzi kungamasentimitha angama-30. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, onqenqemeni olucwengekile Bacishe bafihlwe isibalo esikhulu sezimbali.
Ibhalsamu enezimbali ezinkulu
Izinsimbi ezinwabuzelayo
Enye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswe kakhulu. Izitshalo ezingama Miniature zinombala ongajwayelekile weziqu - obomvu ngokubomvu. Ngokubuka isizinda saso, isithunzi segolide sama-petals sibukeka sihlukile. E-Russia, lesi sitshalo siseyindabuko.
Impatiens balsamic
Uhlobo oludumile oluyizwe lakubo iBangal. Kulesi sifunda, lesi sitshalo sikhuliswa hhayi kangako ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, kodwa njengesithako sokudla. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke esinotshani obuqondile obuyi-25-45 cm ukuphakama, ama-lanceolate, amapuleti anamaqabunga amancanyana anomphetho we-serated.
Izimbali zikhulu, zitholakala kuma-pedicel amafushane, izingcezu ezimbalwa esifubeni ngasinye samaqabunga. Ububanzi bezimbali buba ngu-3 cm, futhi umbala upinki noma onsomi. Ezinye izinhlobo zinama-petry petals.
Nakani! Izithelo zingamabhokisi ama-pubescent amaqanda. Isikhathi sezimbali sisukela kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. NgoSepthemba, izithelo ziyavuthwa.
Ibhalsamu Camellia
Izinhlobonhlobo zeCamellia zathola igama lazo ngokufana kwesimo sezimbali ezinama-camellias wangempela. Imithunzi yawo isukela kompunga kuya komhlophe qhwa. Isihlahla simbozwe amaqabunga amaningi nezimbali ezibunjiwe. Ubukhulu bawo bungama-5 cm.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeCamellia zi-thermophilic kakhulu, aziphili emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zikhiqizwa ezimeni ezinhle zokukhanya. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, izitshalo zinikeza imicibisholo. Izimbali zenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Ibhalsamu uCarmelita
Iziqu zezinhlobonhlobo zeCarmelita zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-70. Izitshalo zinesimo se-pyramidal. Iziqu zinamanzi, kepha zintekenteke, ziyaqhekeka ngezinduku, ngakho-ke zivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla. Izimbali ze-Terry, ezingafika ku-4 cm ngosayizi wazo. Ijamo lawo li-cameliform, futhi umbala ususela onsomi kuya kokumhlophe. I-buds yokuqala ivulwa ngoJuni. Izimbali aziyeki kuze kube uSepthemba.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-thermophilic kakhulu futhi ziphendula kunoma yiluphi ushintsho lokushisa. Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
ICarmelita ehlukahlukene
I-Balsam Fashionista
Ukugqamiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo umbala ohlukile. Iphimbo layo elinamaphimbo amabili, apinki akhanyayo anama-petry amhlophe esimilo sama-camellias awasabonakali e-flowerbed. Ziyaqhakaza kumacembe eqabunga ngalinye. Isitshalo ngokwaso siqondile, ukuphakama okungama-40-50 cm. Umbala mkhulu kakhulu. Ukuze uthole i-bush enhle, yinciphise.
Le mbali inezithombe ezinhle kakhulu, kepha ikhula esithunzini esincane. Uthanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo. Kwangathi kuhlala kusha isikhathi eside.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo: Ibhalsamu ebanzi, i-New Guinean, i-terry, i-touchy-flowy encane.
Ukutshala izithombo zebhalsamu emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ingadi yebhalsamu enhlabathini evulekile nguMay. Ngalenyanga, ezifundeni eziningi, usongo lweziqalo zentwasahlobo ezingabhubhisa izithombo luzodlula.
Okudingayo kokwehla
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi. Izitshalo zithanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile, engenawo acidic.
Kubalulekile! Thola ubuningi benhlabathi ekhaya usebenzisa ukumnika kwamaqabunga e-currant. Uma, lapho inani elincane lomhlaba lingezelelwa kukho, iba bomvu, inhlabathi ine-asidi. Uma isixazululo siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - sibicicic kancane, futhi uma siluhlaza - singathathi hlangothi.
Imithombo yezithombo kufanele ibe yalingana nezitsha ezinezithombo ukuze lapho utshala izintamo zezimpande zingangeni shí. Inani elincane le-vermicompost lithululelwa ezansi komthombo ngamunye.
Inhlabathi ingathululelwa kusengaphambili nge-fungicide, iphakele ngomquba we-stale, u-moisten.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu
Ibhalsamu idinga ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okuthi ngenxa yalo iqale ukubuna, ukusonta amaqabunga. Izimbali zivame ukutshalwa eduze kocingo, eduze kwezihlahla. Ungabakhulisa futhi ngempumelelo kuma-crates engadini namabhodwe.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqaphele ukuthi izitshalo zizizwa zingcono kakhulu ezinhlangothini zasentshonalanga nasempumalanga yesakhiwo. Emibhedeni yezimbali, ama-bals Vitamin ahlanganiswa nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo. Kepha omakhelwane abahle kakhulu abathintekayo yizi-begonias, i-fuchsias ne-verbena.
Ukutshala izithombo
Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika
Ukunquma ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizokhula yini emgodini ovulekile nokuthi uzokhula ngokushesha yini, siyasuswa esitsheni sokuhluma nesimo sesimiso sezimpande sihlolwe, uma isigaxa sobumba singena ezimpandeni ezimhlophe, isithombo sithunyelwa emgaqweni. Izigaba Zokufika:
- Izitshalo, kanye nenhlama yobumba, zibekiwe emigodini.
- Zenziwe ibanga elingama-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngoba izihlahla zebhalsamu zensimu zikhula ngokushesha.
- Fafaza inhlabathi, cindezela kancane.
- Chitha ukuthambisa okuningi.
Ukuma komhlaba kufakwe ngotshani. Lokhu kuvimbela ukomisa ukuphuma enhlabathini kanye nokuguguleka kwezimpande ngenkathi kuniselwa, futhi kuhlinzeka nokufinyelela komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula.
Ukusakazeka kwebhalsamu
Amabhisithamini kulula ukukhiqiza. Ukwakha amaqoqo abo, abalimi abagcini nje ngokugcina imbewu, kodwa futhi babelana ngezithelo. Zombili izindlela zinikeza imiphumela emihle.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ngokugawulwa kokusikwa, amahlumela amade kakhulu akhethiwe. Iziqongo zisikwa ngommese obukhali noma ngebhande. Ubude bezinsika kufanele bube yi-10-12 cm. Amaqabunga aphansi asuswa kubo. Izingcambu zomsuka zakha izindawo ezingenalutho.
Nakani! Izingxenye ezingezansi zezisiki zigxibilikiselwa emanzini at lokushisa lasekamelweni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kwakheka izimpande. Izitshalo zingatshalwa emhlabathini.
Ukutshala imbewu
Imbewu yokuhluma iyathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma eqoqwe ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo. Le ndlela yokuzala inezinkinga eziningi:
- nzalo azihlali zithola ifa lezimo zezikhathi zokuya komama;
- imbewu eqoqiwe kusuka ezingavuthiwe zebhokisi lezithelo zinokuhluma okuphansi.
Ukukhulisa imbali kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, izingoma zomhlabathi ezilandelayo kufanelekile:
- i-perlite, umquba, i-humus, i-turf ngamanani alinganayo;
- Peat ngesihlabathi, ishidi lomhlaba ngezilinganiso 1: 2.
Ibhalsamu Tom Tamb Imbewu
Imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Izigaba zomsebenzi:
- Imbewu ifakwe imizuzu eyi-10 kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, bese ishiyelwa imizuzu engama-30 emanzini afudumele.
- Inhlabathi esitsheni sokufika inomswakama.
- Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebangeni le-4-5 mm. Fafaza ngesendlalelo esondelana sesihlabathi.
- Isitsha simbozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama.
- Nikeza izimo zokushisa + 24-260 C.
- Ukufika kuzindiza nsuku zonke. Izithombo ziyanwebeka ukwenza izitshalo ezingamelana nezifo.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala, bahlela i-backlight ukuze amahlumela angatambanuli.
- Njengoba kunesidingo, inhlabathi iyanyiswa.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga langempela lesithathu, kuzalwe izithombo.
Ukunakekela ibhalsamu ku-flowerbed
Abalimi abaningi bayakujabulela ukutshala ibhalsamu ezindaweni, ukulima nokunakekela kudinga isikhathi esincane. Ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kanye nokufaka umquba.
Imodi yokunisela
Kugcwele ngokuthinta inala. Umthombo wamanzi uqondiswa ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukuze umswakama ungawi phezu kwezimbali nezimbali. Ngokusetshenziswa kokunisela amanzi axazululiwe.
Nakani! Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, izitshalo ziyafafazwa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza. Yenza lokhu ukuze umswakama uwe phezu kwamaqabunga kuphela. Ukufafaza kwenziwa kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngemuva kokunisela, kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi.
Ukugqokisa okugqamile kwezimbali
Umquba ufakwa kabili ngesonto, kanye nokunisela. Izitshalo ezincane zondliwa ngamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen. Banomthelela ekukhuleni kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Izingxube nge-phosphorus ne-potassium zilungele ukuqhakaza okumnandi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukondla kuyamiswa.
Ukuqhakaza okuqhakazile kwama-balsizamu engadini kuvula amathuba amaningi okudala imibhede yezimbali ebabazekayo, imingcele, utshani, izimbali zezimbali. Imibala ehlukahlukene nemilo ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isicelo esifanele unyaka nonyaka ezweni.
