Izeluts izitshalo ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amatshe aphilayo." Ngempela, ngokubukeka kwabo bafana namatshe anemibala - lokhu kwakubalulekile ekusindeni kwabo ezimweni zobugwadule. Empeleni igama elithi "lithops" uqobo laqhamuka emagameni amabili esiGrikhi, angahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukufana netshe." Kepha lezi zitshalo zatholakala kuphela ngonyaka we-1811, lapho umcwaningi wemvelo uWilliam Burchell ethola isitshalo sokuqala salolu hlobo eNingizimu Afrika. EYurophu, avela kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ama-lithops anculents avele njengezimbali zasendlini, kepha azikho izincwadi eziningi ezishicilelwa kulinywayo zawo.
Ngabe ama-lithops abukeka kanjani kulowo mndeni
Abalimi abaningi bama-amateur abazokhulisa ama-lithops banesithakazelo ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya kuqala. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala udinga ukuqonda imfundiso yenkinga.
Izindishi zemabula - enye evame kakhulu
Ama-lithops - izitshalo ezibukeka njengamatshe, zingabomndeni wakwaMezembriantem. Kwabaningi abangabachwepheshe, lokhu akusho lutho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ama-lithops aphelele, okuwukuthi, "amatshe aphilayo", futhi ahlukahlukene embozweni walezi zitshalo. Endle, zivamile ogwadule olunesihlabathi nangamadwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo abahlala kuzo yiNingizimu Afrika, iNamibia neBotswana. Le cactus kanye "netshe eliphilayo" lihlukile komunye nomunye.
Ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo se-lithops emnandi iyibhangqa elilodwa noma ngaphezulu amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, kunalokho anomzimba futhi amnandi. Bakha uhlobo lomzimba olufana namatshe, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo kungenzeka li-mushroom ngaphandle kwesigqoko.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala nephethini emaqabungeni ezinhlobo zohlobo ngalunye kuncike kumbala walawo matshe, phakathi kwalokhu okuhlukahlukayo okukhona lapho kukhula khona endaweni yayo yemvelo. Le ngenye yezindlela zokulingisa, evumela ukuthi lesi sitshalo siduke emhlabathini onamatshe futhi singabi inyamazane yezilwane noma izinyoni.
Naphezu kokucashile, esitshalweni esifana neelepisi, izimbali zingathakazelisa kakhulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kukodwa lokhu kuqhakaza okumnandi akuvamile. Kepha iqembu lezitshalo, futhi futhi elitshalwe ebhodweni elilodwa noma esitsheni, linikeza izimbali kaningi. Kunzima ukunikeza incazelo yazo, ngoba ingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ama-petals abo ajwayele ukumhlophe (kwesinye isikhathi anombala opinki) noma ophuzi. Izinhlobo zika-Orange azijwayelekile kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula isici esisodwa sesitshalo, esithinta izimo zokulungiswa kwaso kanye nokukhethwa kwembiza - kuthuthukisa ukuqhakaza okwenzeka kamuva, ngakho-ke esikhundleni seqabunga elilodwa lamaqabunga amasha ezimweni ezinhle, amabili angakheka ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ikuphi ukwakheka okuqukethe iqabunga lamaqabunga kungaphinde kukhiphe izitshalo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze kuthi lapho sekudlule isikhashana ikoloni lonke la “mabhusha” lingene esitsheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zama-suppulents, eziningi zalezi zitshalo, ububanzi nokuphakama kwamaqabunga, abizwa ngokuthi umzimba, awudluli ku-5 cm. Futhi i-furrow phakathi kwawo ayivamile ukujula.
Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile
Namuhla, kuchithwa ama-lithops amaningi, izinhlobo ziyahlukaniswa. Ekhaya, kude nabo bonke bayazalwa, kodwa kuphela abathobekile kakhulu futhi abahle. Isibonelo, abalimi abazokhulisa lolu hlobo lwama-mopulents bangabheka izinhlobo eziningi, ezichazwe ngezansi.
Ama-lithop amahle
Le nhlobonhlobo ihlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu kunalokho, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela ku-5 cm. Umbala wengxenye "itshe" unombala onsundu, iphethini ekuyo inomthunzi omnyama ngisho. Phakathi kwamaqabunga kuyindawo ecijile ejulile. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lubunjiwe. Kulesi sidumbu esikhulu, esifinyelela ku-5 cm, izimbali ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi okuthiwa ziyaqhakaza,
Izithambisi zemabula
Inomzimba oluhlaza okotshani, kepha iphethini ekulo inomthunzi olula okufana nephethini ebusweni bemabula yemvelo. Ububanzi beqabunga lamaqabunga bufika ku-2 cm. I-apex ayisiyindilinga njengaleyo yezinhlobo zangaphambilini, kepha awukwazi ngisho nokuyibiza ngokuthi isicaba. Imbali ibukeka ifana nalena echazwe ngenhla, kepha incane - ifinyelela ku-3 cm ubukhulu.
I-Lithops Aucamp
Le yinhlobo ekhula eNingizimu Afrika, esifundeni saseCape. Yaqanjwa ngoJuanita Aucamp, owathola lezi zitshalo epulazini likayise ngekhulu lama-20. Umbala wayo uphethwe ngamathoni a-rusty-brown, yize kukhona izinhlobo zohlobo oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali zakhe ziphuzi, zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-4. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezithile, isibonelo, uBetty's Beryl, Hikoruby nabanye, kepha ikakhulukazi ziqoqwa kuphela ngabaqoqi abanolwazi.
I-Lithops Aucamp
Fuller. Lolu hlobo lubukeka luthakazelisa futhi luyisihambi. Umzimba wakhe uhlala ubanzi kunokude. Ngokuqondene nombala, ungaba kusuka ku-brownish-grey kuye ku-brownish-yellow ngephethini eluhlaza, imvamisa ebusweni umbozwe amachashazi abomvu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze wakhe ukwakheka okuhle ebhodweni, ungathenga ingxube yembewu - iLithops Mix. Njengomthetho, amasampuli amadala anama-shades ahlukene namaphethini emzimbeni.
Yize ama-cactus nama-lithops efana, eqinisweni kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. “Itshe eliphilayo” alinameva abezomnika isivikelo esengeziwe.
I-Lithops Fuller
Izici zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
"Amatshe aphilayo" amatheku amahle alungile ngoba akazithobi. Yize zikhula endle eNingizimu Afrika, isifunda sazo saziwa ngokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa neNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kubonakala sengathi yonke into yenzeka ngandlela thile - izindawo zasebusika nezishintsha ehlobo. Kepha izitshalo ziyasabela emazingeni okushisa okushisa kanye namahora asemini, kunezinsuku zekhalenda. Ngakho-ke ama-lithops anganikeza ukunakekelwa kalula. Into esemqoka ukugcina imithetho eminingana eyisisekelo.
Ukushisa
Yize lezi zitshalo zingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lokhu akusho ukuthi kudingeka zinikeze ukushisa okufanayo ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ngoba ngasikhathi sinye zizobukeka zinobungozi futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, zingenandaba. Izimo ezikhethekile zidingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okuyiNyakatho Nenkabazwe okugcina kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Lapho-ke izinga lokushisa elilungile liyi + 12-14 ° C. Yize lezi zitshalo zingamelana ngisho namaqhwa, akufanele uzishiyele isikhathi eside kuvulandi olungashisi.
Isibani
Lesi sitshalo esinenqwaba yezithombe. Kuhle ukuyitshala lapho izothola ukukhanyiselwa okuzinzile. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, akusakufanelekeli ukuyishiya ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ehlobo - khona-ke udinga ukuyisibekela okungenani isikhashana.
Ukunisela
Abalimi abaqalayo bahlala benentshisekelo embuzweni wokuthi bangawasebenzisa kanjani ama-lithops amanzi, ngoba ezimweni zemvelo bakhula ogwadule, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amasonto amade kungenzeka bangakutholi nhlobo umswakama. Eqinisweni, impendulo kuyo ihlala ixhomeke esikhathini sokuthuthuka okumnandi, ama-lithop awafani. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuthambisa akwenziwanga nhlobo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, esiqala ngo-Ephreli-Juni, udinga ukunisela izitshalo ngokucophelela ukuvikela ukubola kwezimpande. Kungcono ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amanzi awela kuphela enhlabathini ezungeze isitshalo, hhayi emafutheni uqobo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abukho uketshezi ku-crevice phakathi kwamaqabunga. Kepha amaconsi kufanele angahlali phezu komhlaba, uma kungenjalo ngosuku olunelanga azosebenza njengamalensi, bese kuthi ukushisa kuvele emzimbeni wesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ama-lithops aniselwa ngesilinganiso kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Ukuze lawo manzi angangeni emzimbeni we "litshe eliphilayo", ungabhabhathisa ibhodwe okwesikhashana esitsheni samanzi afudumele ukuze izimpande ngokwazo zimunze umswakama.
Umswakama
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, isitshalo sidinga umoya owomile. Ezinyangeni ezisele, umswakama womoya olinganiselayo uzodala izimo eziphezulu.
Inhlabathi
Yize lezi zitshalo zizizwa zizinhle cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yobumba, inhlabathi isabalulekile kubona. Inketho enhle ingxube yenhlabathi eyenzelwe ngqo ama-unsulents. Ezinye izinketho zizosebenza, kepha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi i-substrate kumele idlule amanzi kahle. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-lithops, ikakhulukazi uma engakabi nesikhathi sokuqinisa izimpande zawo, athambekele ukubola ngisho nekhefu elifushane. Ngakho-ke ukudonswa kwamanzi kubalulekile.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, udinga ukukhetha indlu efanelekile yalesi sitshalo. Imbiza kufanele ibe njalo ukuze babe nendawo eyanele yezimpande. Isikhala esithe xaxa - sikhula isibumbu “sedwala eliphilayo” futhi izitshalo zethu zizozakhela ngokwengeziwe ngokuzimela. Vele, uma umuntu wezimbali efuna ukuthola ingadi encane, khona-ke, kufanele, ukhethe imbiza enobubanzi obukhulu.
Ungatshala izitshalo wedwa, emindenini noma udale izingxube - kuzoba lula ukuzinakekela kunoma yikuphi.
Izithako Zokuxubha
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Le mbali empeleni ayidingi ukondliwa. Kepha ukuthola izimbali eziningi, ungasebenzisa umanyolo owenzelwe i-cacti.
Iqhuma nini futhi kanjani
Inqubo yokuqhakaza kwalezi zitshalo ingabukeka imangalisa kakhulu. Lapho belungiselela ukuqhakaza, i-cleft ephakathi kwamaqabunga iqala ukwanda ngosayizi. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu. Bese kuthi kuqhamuke “ulimi” kulo - lokhu kungukuphakama; kukhule kube imbali yangempela ngokwesilinganiso emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuvela kokuqala.
Isikhathi sezimbali
Iqala ezinhlotsheni eziningi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ukukhanya okuhle ngo-Agasti. Kodwa-ke, kunezitshalo ezinezikhathi zokuqhakaza kamuva, ezenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yekwindla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimbali, izimbali ziyaqhakaza emini. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuqhakaza salesi sitshalo sihlala cishe isonto, ngemuva kwalokho abaphinde baphenduke amatshe babe ngamatshe.
Izindlela zokuzala
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokusabalalisa ama-lithops - imbewu nokusikwa kwamahlumela. Ngokwesiko, inketho yesibili ibhekwa njengeyona elula kunazo zonke. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ama-lithops akhula kuphela avela imbewu ekhaya ayobasiza ukuba baqonde kangcono futhi bathole amasampula amahle kakhulu.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Imbewu ye-lithopsis igcina ukuhluma isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho zigcinwa endaweni eyomile, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-20, imbewu ingaqhuma.
Kubalulekile! Impela, indawo ekahle yokubasindisa isithelo esibonakala sifana ne-capsule.
Kepha imvamisa basuswa lapho futhi bomiswe epanini lokuthosa iphepha. Ungahlwanyela lezi zitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha okuhle kunakho konke - noma kunjalo, ucabangele izici zemvelo zokukhula.
I-algorithm yesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo izofana nokukhulisa ezinye izimbewu:
- kukhethwa iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezincane zokutshala,
- bagcwalisa amabhodwe ngesigatshana sabathobayo, basuswe ngokucophelela kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile,
- imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kobubanzi besakhiwo,
- zifafaze ngengqimba emincane yomhlaba,
- amboze amabhodwe ngokusonga kwepulasitiki ukwenza abamba ukushisa okuncane.
Izithombo zokuthambisa
Akunzima ukukhulisa ama-lithops kusuka kwimbewu. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, izilimo ezichaziwe kufanele "zithunyelwe", zivulwe ifilimu, futhi kancane zifafazwe ngamanzi. Uma isitshalo sizwa kahle, khona-ke amaqabunga ayo ayoba bushelelezi. Noma ngabe zinhlobonhlobo kanjani, zizoba nomthunzi omnyama noma onsundu. Amacembe aluhlaza athambile futhi akhanyayo akhombisa ubuthakathaka be- "itshe eliphilayo".
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Uma ukutshala isitshalo kuyindaba engathí sina, khona-ke ukufakelwa kwezinto kuyivelakancane kakhulu. "Amatshe aphilayo" azizwa engcono esitsheni esifanayo iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela uma kudingeka inhlabathi entsha, ngoba inhlabathi endala isivele idilikile, nesitshalo sesiphelile ukuqhakaza, futhi lapho amalunga akhula ngokushesha futhi aqala ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga lesitsha.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-lithops azokujabulisa ngemibala ethambile.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo sinyakaziswa ngokoqobo siphume embizeni yaso yakudala, kodwa ngokucophelela kuphela. Izimpande zikhululwa kwingxube yenhlabathi, izingxenye ezomile zinqunywe. Ngokushesha udinga ukubheka imbali izinambuzane. Ngaleso sikhathi, ungqimba lwamanzi luthululelwa ezansi kwembiza entsha, bese inhlabathi elungiselelwe ibekwa ngaphezulu. Lapho-ke ama-lithops aqala ukwehliswa esitsheni esisha, ngenkathi ebamba ngesandla esisodwa, nangesinye, egcwalisa izimpande ngobumnene. Kubalulekile ukuthi iflethi. Ingaphezulu lingahlotshiswe ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi sokuhlobisa. Njengamanye anciphayo, imbali akufanele iniselwe ngokushesha emva kokufakelwa.
Uma ulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula, khona-ke ama-lithops angaba isitshalo esingumlingani sangempela esihlala endlini amashumishumi eminyaka, sithokozise iso ngokuphelela nobuhle bezindlela.
