Isithasiselo sendlu yeCalathea saziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ngokubukeka kwayo okungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo ezihlukile, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuqoqa iqoqo lama-calatas ekhaya. Ngenxa yamandla angajwayelekile amaqabunga kusihlwa ukuba abukeke eqondile, futhi ekuseni ngokuwa, i-kalatea yayiqanjwa ngokuthi "imbali yomkhuleko." Ifunwa kakhulu ukunakekelwa, ngakho lapho ukhula, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho ethile.
Imbali yeCalathea: inhlobonhlobo yezinhlobo
Igama elithi Kalathea livela egameni lesiGrikhi "Calathos", ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "ibhasikidi." ICalathea ingeyomndeni wakwaMarantov futhi uhlobo lwayo oluningi kakhulu. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni waso, lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ubukhona bezimbali. Kuze kube manje, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-130 ezitholakala endalweni ziyaziwa. Le nombolo ifaka ama-calatheas wemvelo ngokwemvelo, angabali nzalo ezazalwa abafuyi.
Ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-calatas.
Isitshalo esiphansi esingu-70 cm ukuphakama sinamashidi okusaqanda angama-30 cm. Amaqabunga, kuye ngohlobo lwe-calathea, angama-lanceolate noma ngesimo se-petioles. Umbala ungahluka futhi.
Ngemininingwane! Emashidini kuvame ukuba namaphethini ngesimo sezimpawu noma imicu.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo umuthi ongapheli yizigodi zemifula ye-Amazon yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, imbali kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- "Inca Queen" noma "Inca Princess". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinhlamvwini zaseRussia isitshalo sisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlobisa, ezweni laso sisetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eBrazil izinhlanzi ezintsha zigoqeka ngamaqabunga e-calathea, ngakho-ke zigcinwa isikhathi eside. EColombia, amaqabunga asetshenziselwa ukusonga izikhwama namabhasikidi. Kwezinye izizwe zaseNingizimu Afrika, indwangu isenziwa ngamaqabunga e-calathea nezingubo zenziwa kuyo.
Ngezansi sizobheka izinhlobo zama-calatheas adumile eRussia.
UCalathea Locket
Uhlobo lwe-medallion laziwa nangamanye amagama - i-roseoptic calathea ne-pink-anemibala. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa umbala ongafani wamaqabunga, wona ngakolunye uhlangothi enamaphethini ngesimo semihlobiso eyindilinga, edwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene yemibala eluhlaza nesiliva. Imiphetho yamapuleti eshidi izungezwe umucu omhlophe omncane. Ngasemuva, ipuleti lamaqabunga ngombala opinki omnyama nobubomvana. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-roseopticon isetshenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni ngezimbali ukuklama izindlu zokuhlobisa namalungiselelo wezimbali.
I-Medallion, noma iRoseoptic
ICalathea medallion ifomu elihlanganisiwe, ikhula ingabi ngaphezu kwama-40 cm ukuphakama. Amaphutha avame ukwenziwa ekunakekeleni imbali, yingakho amaqabunga eqalaoma futhi aqhekeke. Ukugwema inkinga enjalo, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezinhle zesitshalo: ukuqeda okusalungiswa, ukufaka umanyolo nokuvikela imbali elangeni eliqondile.
Kubalulekile! Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iKalathea yi-Amazon, ngakho-ke, ekukhuleni okunempilo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuthambisa okuningi futhi okujwayelekile.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-medallion iyakwazi ukususa wonke amandla amabi futhi ilethe ukuthula nokuzola ebudlelwaneni babantu, ngakho-ke imvamisa ikhula emahhovisi.
ICalathea crocata
ICroqueta yaziwa nangolunye igama - i-saffron calathea. Igama ngokuthi umbala wesafroni we-inflorescences. Ishiya i-oval ye-crocata enemiphetho eyenziwe njengamaza. Uhlangothi oluphezulu lweqabunga luhlaza okotshani, futhi phansi kunsundu noma onsomi omnyama. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-saffron calathea ayihlukile phambi kwamaqabunga amakhulu, kodwa iqhakaza kahle ekhaya. Izimbali ezinobukhulu obuncane zombala ophuzi-owolintshi. I-saffron clatea iqala ukuqhakaza ebusika: ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari.
Isigcawu, noma isafroni
Ukunakekelwa kwe-croat kaleate ekhaya kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba imbali inomusa kakhulu futhi idinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokukhula. Kungcono ukukhulisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezimanzi nasemanzini akhethekile, ngoba isitshalo sidinga umswakama ophezulu. Umoya omile, ikakhulukazi ebusika ngenxa yokushisa okufakwayo, kuthinta ukuthululwa kwamahlamvu namahlumela. ICroqueta iqala ukoma ngokushesha futhi ingafa uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo.
Uma kungekho ndlela yokukhulisa imbali kuma-aquariums, khona-ke udinga ukubheka umswakama womoya. Isitshalo kumele sifafazwe ngezikhathi ezithile ebhodleleni lokufafaza ngamanzi. Ukuze uthole umswakama owengeziwe, isitsha samanzi sibekwa eduze kwe-calathea ukuze ikhuphuke ukuze inyuse izinga lomswakama.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, kunconyelwa ukulengisa indwangu emanzi emapayipini wokushisa, ihlala imanzisa amanzi lapho oma.
UCalathea Varshevich
Isihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga e-ovalvelty oval. Amaqabunga aluhlaza emithanjeni alula ngombala. Uhlangothi oluhlelekile lwamapuleti amaqabunga lupendiwe ngombala okhanyayo we-lilac. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga lithambile futhi limnandi ekuthinteni, lifana ne-velvet.
Varshevich blooms ne ezintekenteke pastel izimbali
Ama-inflorescence e-Kaleatea Varshevich afana nama-spikelets amancane; ama-brices awo agobile kancane njengawamahlamvu aluhlaza. Isitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza sihlotshiswe ngombala onsomi opinki, ukhilimu nezimbali ezimhlophe. Ezindaweni eziseduze ne-peduncle peduncle, kwenziwa ama-rosette, angahle asetshenziselwe ukwenziwa kabusha.
Ukuze kube nezimbali eziningi, i-kalatea Varshevich kumele idliwe ngomanyolo. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi bangenise izithasiselo ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimbali noma izitshalo zomndeni wakwaMarantov. Kungcono ukondla isitshalo ngemuva kokunisela, lapho wonke amanzi egcotshwe kahle enhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo, okubandakanya i-nitrogen. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzonciphisa ukuvula ama-buds.
Calathea lansifolia
Ukuchazwa kwesihlahla se-calathea se-lansifolia kunqabile emndenini waso. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ukuphakama kwesihlahla saso, esifinyelela cishe kumitha eyodwa. Amaqabunga amancanyana anomumo obala. Ubude bamaqabunga acishe abe ngu-50 cm, phezu kwawo kunamaphethini wesimo se-oval nobukhulu obuhlukile. Zitholakala eduze kwemithambo futhi zimnyama kakhulu kunombala oyinhloko wepuleti leqabunga. Amacembe aluhlaza ngombala futhi amaphethini aluhlaza okotshani. Olunye uhlangothi lweshidi luqinile onsomi.
I-Lansifolia - isitshalo eside somhlobiso
Kuyadingeka ukunakekela ngokucophelela isitshalo esikhulu kunalokho. Njengoba amashidi amade amade amile, noma yikuphi ukunakwa kokunakekelwa kuzoholela ezifweni zesihlahla nasekuwohlokeni kokubukeka kwesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Ikakhulu le calathea ifuneka kumswakama womoya, ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu.
UCalathea Sanderian
Uhlobo lweSanderian lwalunqotshwa indlela yokuzalela kusuka kolunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-ornate, noma luhlotshisiwe. Lesi sitshalo sikhula size sibe ngama-cm angama-30. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo ahlanganisiwe futhi afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-20. Amaqabunga atholakala petioles ende emincane, ukuphakama kwayo kungaba ngu-10 cm.
Ngemininingwane! Ama-inflorescence ayizimbali ezimhlophe nezelilac. Isiqu sezimbali siphakeme impela, uma siqhathaniswa nobukhulu besihlahla uqobo - 25-30 cm.
Imbali iyakwazi ukudedela ubuthi obuthile enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emi-2 yokuguqula inhlabathi.
I-Sandayeza - imbali ebumbene
ICaldea Sanderian ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zalo mndeni. Iphethini engajwayelekile kumaqabunga amaqabunga yenza kube kufiselekayo phakathi kwabalimi nabasebenza ngezimbali. Imigqa emincane emincane ihlelwe ngokuqondile komunye nomunye kulo lonke ubude bamaqabunga ombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Ingaphezulu lamapuleti eshidi licwebezela futhi libushelelezi ekuthinteni.
I-calathea orbifolia
Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kubude obungama-60 cm futhi sinamahlamvu aminyene. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo we-calathea orbifolia ayindilinga ngesimo, ubuso bawo bushelelezi. Ukusuka emthanjeni ophakathi kweshidi, ukukhanya, cishe imicu emhlophe yaya emaphethelweni. Imbali inokubukeka okukhangayo ngenxa yamaqabunga amakhulu anemigqa.
I-Orbifolia ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga ayo ayindilinga
I-Powdery mildew ivame ukubhubhisa ukubukeka okuhle kwe-orbifolia. Lesi sifo sisakazwa yizinambuzane - izibungu ezinomzimba ezihlala ngemuva kwamapuleti eqabunga. Izimpawu zokubonakala kwesixakaxaka zingabonakala ngeso elinqunu: kuvela amadokodo amancane amnyama kusika namaqabunga. Uma ungasusi izinambuzane ngesikhathi, isitshalo siqala ukoma siphelelwe amaqabunga.
I-Powdery mildew iphathwa ngokuhlikihla amashidi nge-10% ethyl alcohol noma i-calendula tincture. Kepha abahleli bomagazini abahlukahlukene kanye nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngezimbali kanye nokusebenza kwengadi bayalulekwa ukuthi bangaguquki ezindleleni zabantu, kodwa basebenzise izinambuzane ezikhethekile: i-phytoferm noma i-actellik.
Nakani! I-Powdery mildew ivela ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukungabikho kwayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole njalo futhi ususe amaqabunga amadala owomile, kanye nokusula ngephedi yokotini efakwe kuxazululo lwensipho yokuwasha.
UCalathea Rufibarba
I-Rufibarba calatea ibizwa nangokuthi nentshebe ebomvu. Isitshalo eside kakhulu singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Wayebizwa ngokuthi i-redbeard ngenxa yokubakhona kwesibhamu se-orange ngemuva kwamapuleti eqabunga. Uhlangothi olungaphandle lwamaqabunga lugcwele satjani oluhlaza ngombala obushelelezi. Amashidi Amancanyana anemiphetho ye-wavy atholakala ekusikeni okude, okuzinzile. Ukuma kweqabunga kufana nenkemba. Uhlangothi oluhle lubhalwe ngopende.
URufibarba ubizwa ngokuthi nentshebe ebomvu.
Mhlawumbe umbala wesihlahla awunazici eziphawuleka, kepha i-rufibarba ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo endaweni yamahlamvu, eyehliselwa phansi. Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali eziqhakazayo ezisawolintshi neziphuzi ezikhula ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ukusuka ku-rufibarba, izinhlobo ezimbili zama-calatas zithathwe ngendlela yokuzalanisa: i-White Star ne-Blue Grass.
UCalathea Makoya
I-Kaloya Makoya ingabhekwa kufanele ukuthi iyizinhlobo ezidumile nezithandwayo ezikhule ngaphakathi endlini. Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukukhula size sibe ngama-60 cm ubude. Amaqabunga eMarkya athambile futhi athambile ekuthinteni. Iqiniso ngukuthi amapuleti eshidi athambile impela, lapho ehlolwa eduze kubonakala esobala. Afinyelela ku-20 cm ngobude nama-10 cm ububanzi.
UMarkya yikhalithia ethandwa kakhulu ekhaya.
Ngasohlangothini olungaphezulu, iqabunga liluhlaza okugqamile ngamaphethini amnyama. Ziyindilinga ngesimo ukusuka emthanjeni omkhulu oseceleni kwemiphetho. Umbala ngikhumbuza ngandlela-thile amaphethini asemsileni wepikoko, ngakho-ke uMarkya ubizwa ngokuthi ipikoko.
Nakani! UMarkya uvame ukuhlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizimhlophe, okuthi, zihlale ngemuva kweqabunga, ziqale ukudla izingxenye ezinhle zesitshalo. Uma unyakazisa imbali enesifo, uzophawula ukuthi zingaki izinambuzane ezimhlophe ezikhuphuka emoyeni.
Ama-Whiteflies avela lapho izimo zokushisa zingabonakali futhi lapho umswakama womoya uphansi. Ama-Whiteflies alwa nama-insecticides kanye nezicupho zesikhashana. Isiraphu yoju noma ushukela isatshalaliswa kwikhadibhodi noma engilazini eduze kwembiza ukuze i-whitefly iwele ogibeni.
UCalathea Leopardin
I-Leopardine, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ayinazo iziqu. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwengxenye yemitha. Amaqabunga amafushane futhi amancanyana, uhlangothi olungaphezulu oluluhlaza ngombala ngamaphethini ngesimo seshidi lawo ellipse. Amaphethini apendwe aluhlaza okomnyama futhi atholakala kusuka emthanjeni ophakathi kuya emaphethelweni epuleti leqabunga ngaphezulu kobuso bawo bonke. Uhlangothi oluhle emuva lwamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngemininingwane! Izimbali zeLeopardine ziphuzi, yingakho igama lembali lavela. Yize kukhona inguquko ethi igama lanikezwa lezi zinhlobo ngokufakwa imibala okungajwayelekile kwamashidi ngendlela yamachashazi, afanayo namaphethini ezindawo ezinamabala ezingwe.
ICalathea Leopardin imvamisa itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba izinhlobo zawo zimelana kakhulu nezimo ezinzima. Ukutshala kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngemuva kokushisa komhlaba. Indawo ayikhethiwe egqumeni ukugwema ukungabi khona kokuswakama kwenhlabathi. Kufanelekile futhi nokugwema izindawo ezivulekile lapho ilanga lishona khona ngqo.
Emigodini ebunjiwe, aqale abeke ungqimba lwamanzi ngendlela yokuqhuma kobumba, amatshe amatshe noma isihlabathi ukuze kugwenywe ukungagcwali kokuswakama enhlabathini kanye nokufinyelela komoya komoya ezimpandeni. Lapho-ke amahlamvu abolile, izinaliti noma amagxolo kuxutshaniswa ngokulingana komhlaba bese ebeka okuncane kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa ngaphezulu kwephayiphu. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela, iLeopardine itshalwe esizeni futhi iniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi apholile kancane.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi akufanele aqhamuka empompini. Kungcono ukunisela ngemifula ethambile noma ngamanzi emvula.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifakiwe, ekhaya kwesinye isikhathi sezikhulile:
- calathea vitata. Imigqa emincane emincane itholakala kuyo yonke ipuleti leshidi. Lesi sitshalo asimude, kepha sibukeka kakhulu;
- UCalathea Lubers. Angizange ngithole ukunakwa okuningi kusuka kubalimi nabalimi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yamaphethini angahlukani futhi aphithiphithi kumakhasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlangothi oluhlekile lwendishi yamaqabunga luhlaza, okungeyona ejwayelekile i-calathea;
- UCalathea Bachem. Kulula ukukhula futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kepha ayitholanga ukuthandwa okuningi ngokubukeka kwayo kokungafani, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo;
- UCalathea Mysto. Ukubukeka kufana ne-calathea litz, ngakho-ke bavame ukudideka omunye komunye. IMysto inephethini yamaqabunga eduze kwesisekelo sethambo eliphakathi nendawo. Kubukeka njengesivinini sohlobo lwe-brashi eluhlaza. Eduzane nomphetho, iphethini ihlangana nombala ongaphambili wephepha.
Abafuyi bethula izinhlobo ezintsha kakhulu ze-calathea nzalo ukudala isitshalo esimelana kakhulu nezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Imbali ayishibhile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola izimpande endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga ama-calatheas, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwesitshalo futhi udale yonke imibandela efanelekile yokutshala kwayo.
