Isikhumba yisifo esivamile esingathinta izihlahla ze-apula. Kunzima kakhulu umuntu ohlala ehlobo ukubhekana nalesi sifo, kodwa kungenzeka. Kulesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngezeluleko ezisebenzayo kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi abazokwazi ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokususa isikhala nge-apula.
Yini eyingozi futhi ivelaphi
Izihlahla ziyafa ngokungajwayelekile kakhulu kusuka ku-apula scab, kodwa ukukhiqiza njalo kuhlupheka kakhulu. Izithelo zikhubazekile, zibe zincane. Kukhona cishe akukho izakhi namavithamini kuzo. Yini esingayisho mayelana nokunambitheka kanye nesimo sokulondolozwa. Izihlahla ze-Apple azibekezeleli iqhwa lasebusika, kanti izihlahla zilahlekelwa ukuheha kwazo.
I-agent causative yalesi sifo i-marsupial. Kuvamile emazingeni ahlanzekile, futhi ikakhulukazi uyayithanda intwasahlobo emanzi futhi epholile, ngoba izimo ezinjalo zivumela izingxabano ukuba zithuthuke. Umkhiqizo wezihlahla zezithelo ezithintekayo uwela ngokuphawulekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesithelo kungalingani. Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-apula alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo hhayi kuphela ngonyaka okhona, kodwa futhi eminyakeni elandelayo engu-2-3.
Kubalulekile! Izikhwama ze-scab zibekezelela izimo ezimbi. Zingase zihlale zikwazi ukusebenza kuze kube yonyaka ozayo, zibe phezu kwamaqabunga awile kanye nezikali zehlumela phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika.
Izimpawu zokubukeka
Abathinteka kalula kakhulu amaqabunga amancane angaphezulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Emaqabeni ekuqaleni kukhona izindawo zokukhanya ezingabonakali njalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhanya kwala mabala kubonakala sengathi kunombala omnyovu womnqumo. Ama-Pedicels nama-ovari aphethwe kancane kancane. Amahlamvu angase ame futhi aphule. Ngokuqondile esithelweni, lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo samabala omnyama omnyama. Indwangu yama-apula ingaqhekeka.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela izifo kufanele kuqale ekwindla bese uqhubeka entwasahlobo. Okufanele futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukunakekelwa okwesikhashana kwesithelo izithelo kuzokusiza ukuvimbela lesi sifo noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunciphisa kakhulu umthelela omubi.
Uyazi? Beka isikhathi sobukhona be-scab eYurophu kungaba isithombe esithi "isidlo e-Emaus" Caravaggio, ebhalwe ngo-1601. Isithombe sibonisa ngokucacile ibhasikidi lesithelo. Ku-apula, ekhonjiswe lapho, umonakalo wokulimaza ubonakala ngokucacile.
Ekwindla
Kubalulekile ukuqala izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekwindla. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhipha nokususa wonke amaqabunga awile, amagatsha nezithelo ezivela kusayithi. Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukususa amagxolo ezihlahleni, ngoba kungabangelwa ubusika. Leli gxolo liyodingeka lihlanjululwe ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-copper sulphate noma i-whitewash. Kamuva kuyadingeka ukumba umhlabathi omkhulu, ngakho-ke izingxabano azithuthuki ezimweni ezinhle.
Entwasahlobo
Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina ukulimala okuhle kwe-agrotechnical kwe-apula isiko. Ukucabangela ukuthi izinhlamvu ze-scab zithuthuka kahle ezimweni zokwanda kwamanzi futhi lapho ingadibaniswa, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe ngamabomu. Izihlahla ze-Apple kufanele zikhule endaweni lapho kukhona khona ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba uhlanze ukuhlanzeka kwemithi yezitshalo.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi inani eliningi kakhulu lomanyolo osetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuntuleka kokugqoka kuyothinta kakhulu ukusakazeka kwesifo. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kungenzeka ukupakisha izihlahla ze-apula nomkhiqizo we-"Agat-25K", kuvunyelwe ukwenza lokhu ngisho nangenkathi yokukhula. 
Ungakwazi ukucubungula ibhilidi yaseBordeaux (1%), kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga aqhakaze. Uma kunesidingo, inqubo enjalo ingabuyekezwa ngemuva kokuthi i-apula isiphelile.
Indlela yokulwa
Uma isikhumba sisabonakaliswa ku-apula, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Ukwelashwa kwe-scab ye-Apple kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko:
- Isisombululo sesinaphi. Leli thuluzi lingasetshenziselwa ukuhlakulela izihlahla zensimu izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi ngayinye: phakathi nenkathi ye-cone eluhlaza, lapho kukhula, ngaphambi kokuba umuthi uqale ukuthela izithelo, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho i-fruiting iqala. Ukuze ulungise isisombululo sesinaphi, uzodinga u-80 g we-mustard powder for ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi.
- Isixazululo saline. Ikhambi elinjalo le-scab ku-apula izihlahla liphumelela kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi usawoti ungashukumisa kancane ukuqala kwesikhathi sokukhula kwezihlahla zama-apula, okubhekene nakho okuncane okuthintekile ngesikhumba. Ukuphalaza kwezihlahla kumele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti umuthi usazophumula. Ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi uthathe 1 kg kasawoti.
- Ukumnika kwe-horsetail. Lokhu ukumnika kuzokusiza uma uyisebenzisa ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga aqhakaze. Kungcono kunesisindo sokuvimbela. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ibhakede nge-1/3 ye-horsetail, engeza amanzi kuwo futhi ufune izinsuku ezintathu.
Uyazi? I-apple evuthiwe enobuthi iyakhiwa yensimbi, ekwazi ukwandisa i-hemoglobin egazini. Futhi kukhona ama-salts we-magnesium ne-potassium, okudingekayo ukuze kusebenze ngokujwayelekile kwenhliziyo yesisu.
Amakhemikhali
Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali esikhaleni sama-apula akhethiwe kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kobusika kanye nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo, kusetshenziswe izinhlayiya ezinamandla, kodwa emva kokuchichima naphakathi nesikhathi lapho isithelo sithela izithelo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo.
- Ekwindla, ngokushesha nje uma amaqabunga ewa futhi izithelo ziqoqiwe, kubalulekile ukuphambanisa izihlahla ze-apula ngekhambi le-copper sulfate, ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwetafula le-1 litre - 3-5 g we-sulfate yethusi.
Izindlela zomphakathi zokubhekana nama-aphid, izintuthwane, i-Colorado amazambane, amahlumela, u-anyanisi izimpukane, izimpukane ze-carrots, ama-slugs ngezinye izikhathi awunaphansi kokusebenza kahle kwamakhemikhali, futhi ukulimala kuncane kakhulu.
- Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, qiniseka, ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga aqale ukuvuka, kubalulekile ukucubungula ama-apula ne-Bordeaux ingxube (3%). Uma izihlahla zingenaso isikali, njengesisindo sokuzivikela singahlanzwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
- Cishe ngemva kwamasonto amabili emva kokuba izimbali seziphelile., amafungicide amancane kufanele afakwe kubo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-"Chorus", "Rajok", "Skor".
- Ukucabangela lokho isikhumba sikwazi ukusebenzisa ukuze kusetshenziswe okufanayo, ama-fungicides adinga ukushintshwa. "Strobe", "Zircon", "Kuprazan", "Fitolavin" nezinye eziningi nazo zifanelekile.
- Phakathi kwezinye izinto inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-apula ekwindla ingachitha isisombululo se-10% se-nitrate noma i-urea.
Kubalulekile! Isihlahla sesithelo ngeke sivezwe ngaphansi kwezifo ze-fungal, uma ikhona i-phosphorus eyanele ne-potassium, futhi uma kungekho okweqile kwe-nitrogen.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Inketho enhle ezosiza ekugwemeni inkinga enjalo njengesikhumba esiyoba ukukhethwa nokutshala kwezihlobo ezizinzile. Kodwa lapha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu kungaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ngokuvamile ezingathinteki ngesikhumba. Kukhona labo ababuthakathaka. Futhi kukhona nalabo abavame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokugula okunjalo okungajabulisi.
- Izihlahla ze-Apple eziphikisana ngokuphelele: "UJonathan", "Ligol", "i-Pepin Saffron", "i-Orlovy", njll.
- Izinhlobo ezinokugula ezikhungweni ezingavamile: "Orlik", "Welsey", "Antonovka Zolotaya", "Mleevskaya Beauty", "Lobo", "Anis Scarlet", "Renet Kursky", njll.
- Izihlahla ze-Apple, ezithintekayo kakhulu: "Papirovka", "i-Snow Calvil", "Melba", "Rennet Semerenko", "Borovinka" nabanye.
Inkinga lapho ukhula i-apula ingaba yi-aphid nezintuthwane, i-Codling moth, shchitovka, ama-leafworms, amabhu.
