Zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-35 izinhlobo zama-orchid adumile. Kusuka esiGrekini, "orchid" kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "njengebhabhathane." Lokhu kuyimbali enhle eshisayo engadingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhula ekhaya yi-phalaenopsis. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kungaqhuma cishe unyaka wonke. Njengezitshalo eziningi zasekhaya, ama-orchid adinga ukufakelwa. Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufakelwa i-orchid ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.
I-Orchid
Izizathu Zokufakelwa
Njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3, i-orchid yasekhaya idinga ushintsho lwe-substrate nebhodwe. Kepha kunezimo lapho ungakwazi ukubambezela ukuhlehlisa, njengoba isitshalo singafa. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izizathu ezingathinta isikhathi sokufakelwa kwezimbali:
Ukubola
Noma isitshalo sibukeka siphilile ekuqaleni kokuqala, lokhu akusona izinkomba zokuthi konke kuhambisana nohlelo lwezimpande. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lama-orchid atshalwe ezimbizeni ezisobala, akunzima ukubona isimo sezimpande.
Ngemininingwane! Uhlelo oluyimpande olunempilo lube nombala ocebile oluhlaza okotshani, luyiminyene futhi lube nobukhulu. Uma izimpande ze-orchid zimnyama ngombala, lokhu akusho ukuthi ziqala ukubola. Kodwa izizathu zokuthi mnyama kube kusafanele ukuthola.
Iqiniso lokuthi ukubola kukhula kungabonakala ngesimo s imbali uqobo:
- amaqabunga nezimbali kunciphisa ukukhula noma ukuyeka ukukhula ngokuphelele;
- amaqabunga aqala ukushintsha umbala wawo, aphenduke aphuzi;
- amabala ansundu avela emaqabungeni;
- Izimbali namahlumela ziqala ukufiphala nokubuna.
Inqubo yokubola kwezimpande iqala ngoba imbali ivame ukuniselwa. Ukuze usebenze kahle, izimpande zidinga ukoma ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo. Ukukhanyisa kuyathinta. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, lesi sitshalo ngeke sidonse umswakama odingekayo. Uma i-substrate iminyene kakhulu noma ikhwalithi engeyona, lokhu kufaka ukungena okunganele komoya ezimpandeni, lapho uhlelo lwezimpande "lwanele".
Ukubola ama-orchid
Izinambuzane
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane ezingazalela endlini ezitshalweni ezifuywayo:
- mealybug kanye nempande mealybug;
- ama-aphid;
- ama-thrips;
- isihlangu esikhulukazi nesihlangu samanga;
- i-whitefly;
- isicabucabu semite futhi inenhliziyo eyisicaba;
- omiyane amakhowe.
Enye yezinambuzane ezinzima kunazo zonke yi-mealybug enamandla. Lesi sinambuzane sibukeka njengegrey fluff 5 mm ngosayizi. Izinsikazi ezindala noma izibungu ziyingozi. Babhoboza isitshalo futhi bathola izakhi zomzimba kuso. Lapho kuhlungwa, ama-enzyme angena esithelweni esithinta kabi izinqubo ze-metabolic zesitshalo. Lapho sithelelekile, lesi sitshalo siba sengozini yokutheleleka okuthile.
Isibungu sezimpande sinobukhulu obungama-2-4 mm, umbala ompunga okhanyayo noma ophuzi. Lesi sinambuzane singonakalisa uhlelo lwempande kanye nengxenye yomoya. Udla ujusi we-orchid. Lapho le nkathazo yonakaliswa, isitshalo siqala ukuba buthaka kakhulu.
Ama-aphid abonakala kalula kulesi simila. Lincane kakhulu futhi landa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kunama-aphid aphuzi noma aluhlaza okhanyayo. Ungahlala kunoma iyiphi imbali. Ubhoboza ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesitshalo futhi adle ngokuqedwa kweseli.
Nakani! Ama-aphid aqashelwa amazolo anamathela kumaqabunga noma izimbali.
Uma emaqabungeni amachashazi amnyama ama-orchid namacici amancane angafanelani, isitshalo sihlatshwe umxhwele. Lezi izinambuzane ezingamelana kahle ezihlala emaqabungeni noma ezimbalini zezimbali. Zincane kakhulu futhi zinamaphiko, ngosizo zazo ezingandiza zisuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye, zisakaza izifo ezahlukahlukene.
Isikali noma i-pseudoscutum kuvame ukuvela kumagatsha noma iziqu. Lezi zinambuzane zincela ujusi bese zikhipha into enamathele. Ifihla ama-pores esitshalo, enza ubunzima bokuphefumula nokukhula kwama-orchid. Lapho itheleleke ngalezi zinambuzane, amaqabunga e-orchid aqala ukujika aphuzi bese ewa.
I-Whitefly isinambuzane esincane, ubude baso sisuka ku-1 mm, sinamaphiko akhanyayo. Unconsela ujusi kwizicubu zesitshalo. Phezu kwamaqabunga kuhlala kukhona imichilo ephuzi kanye nompe ushukela. Imbali iyaqina bese iyeka ukukhula.
I-parasite evame kakhulu yezitshalo i-spider mite. Imvamisa, uvela lapho kunama roses angaphakathi endlini. Uma amachashazi amhlophe newebhu elincanyana livela kulesi simila, khona-ke lisuleleka ngamakhaza. Ngasohlangothini oluhlukile lweshidi, kuvela i-prokus ne-silver plaque.
Izinambuzane
Izinkinga zohlelo lwempande
Izifo zohlelo lwe-Orchid izimpande zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:
- igciwane. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sithinteka ngokuphelele. Uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lumbozwe amabala noma imivimbo;
- igciwane. Ngesifo esinjalo, izilonda ziyavela ohlelweni lwezimpande noketshezi olukhishwe kubo;
- isikhunta. Endabeni yezifo ezinjengalezi, izimpande zimbozwe ngokuqhakaza okuphuzi noma okubomvana.
Nakani! Uma uhlelo lwezimpande luvezwa yilesi sifo, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi phezulu kwesitshalo. Uma uthola lesi sifo ngesikhathi, i-orchid isengasindiswa.
Inqubo yokufakelwa ekhaya
Umbuzo obalulekile obuzwe ngabalimi bokuqala: kungenzeka ukufakelwa i-orchid eqhakazayo? I-phalaenopsis orchid ayinaso isikhathi sokuphumula esicacile. Uhlala nenqubo yokukhula: kungaba amaqabunga akhule, noma kuqhakaze izimbali.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufakelwa intwasahlobo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimo ezinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, isifo sesitshalo, lapho kudluliselwa esiphuthumayo okudingekayo, noma ngabe i-orchid iyaqhakaza noma cha. Kungenzeka ukufakelwa i-orchid ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza? Ungakwazi, uma ungephuli uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ukunisela
Ukuze uhambisane nazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuthambisa, kufanele uqonde okulandelayo:
- uma ufaka imbali ngaphandle kokulimaza futhi uxubha izimpande, ngaphandle kokushintsha inhlabathi, embizeni entsha, i-orchid empeleni aluboni lolu shintsho, ayeki ukuqhakaza. Ungaqhubeka ngokunisela, ngokwezidingo zesitshalo, ngokuya ngohlelo oludala;
- lapho ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngezimpande ezilimele, kuguqulwa inhlabathi, kuyadingeka umbuso okhethekile wokunisela.
Masinyane ngemuva kokufakelwa, ungathambisa imbali uma idinga inhlabathi entsha. Uma inhlabathi indala futhi ibimanzi ekuqaleni, kufanele ungakhuthali ngokunisela, kungcono ukulinda izinsuku ezingama-4-5 ukuze ome kahle. Uma isitshalo sithathelwa indawo ehlobo, ukuthambisa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, uma i-orchid ithathelwa indawo ebusika, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-4.
Ukunisela
Ukukhetha amandla
Impilo eqhubekayo yalesi sitshalo incike ekukhetheni okuyikho kwembiza ye-orchid. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwalembali kufanele lutholwe umoya nokukhanyisa, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe kuqala. Izimpande akufanele zikhulele ezindongeni zesitsha.
Nakani! Okukhethwa kukho okuhle yibhodwe leplastiki noma lengilazi. Ziyi-matte nemibala, ipulasitiki elula noma ingilazi yokuhlobisa.
Yini okufanele ibe imbiza efanele i-orchid:
- Kufanele kube nenani elikhulu lezimbobo zokudonsa ngaphansi kwembiza. Amanzi wokunisela ngokweqile azogobhoza kuwo, futhi ukuphuma kwezimpande nakho kuzokwenzeka. Uma kunezimbotshana ezimbalwa ebhodweni olithandayo, ungazigaya ngokwakho;
- ukufakelwa kwe-orchid, kufanele ukhethe ibhodwe elingamamasentimitha ambalwa elikhudlwana kunalelo eledlule. Phansi kwembiza kufanele kube ngu-3-5 cm wamanzi;
- iziqukathi ezinkulu kakhulu akufanele zikhethwe, ngoba wonke amandla esitshalo azoqondiswa ohlelweni lwezimpande ukugcwalisa wonke imbiza. I-orchid enjalo iyivelakancane kakhulu ukuqhakaza. Futhi nasezitsheni ezinkulu, i-substrate izokoma isikhathi eside, okungaholela ekuboshweni kwezimpande.
Kubalulekile! Uma i-orchid ikhula ebhodweni elisobala, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akufanele kuwele phezu kwalo, ngaphandle kwalokho umphumela wegreenhouse uzokwakhiwa, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande luzoqala ukufa.
Ukudlulisa inhlabathi
I-orchid isitshalo esishisayo esinezimbali ezihlahleni. Ngeke ikhule enhlabathini ejwayelekile. Ukuze kukhule izimbali ezifanele, i-substrate efanelekile iyadingeka. Izingxube ezikhethekile zithengiswa ezitolo, ezifaka izinkuni zamagxolo. Izithako ezingeziwe ezinjenge-moss, namalahle kanye nezimpande ze-fern nazo zingafakwa.
Inkomba enkulu yenhlabathi efanelekile ye-orchid kungukuhleleka kwayo. Kufanele kungene umoya omncane. Amagxolo akufanele abe makhulu kakhulu, kepha hhayi mancane. Isendlalelo esincane asivumeli umoya ukuba udlule futhi wome isikhathi eside, esingalimaza izimpande zesitshalo.
Inhlabathi yama-orchid
Ungalungisa inhlabathi imbali ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele:
- Ukuqoqa amagxolo kaphayini ezihlahleni eziwile.
- Hlanza kahle ngamanzi agobhozayo.
- Hlanganisa izingcezu eziyi-1.5-6 cm usebenzisa isihlahla.
- Bilisa imizuzu eminingana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
- Ngemuva kokubilisa, hlamba futhi ubilise futhi.
- Yome, kepha hhayi ngokuphelele.
Nakani! Ebholweni likaphayini, ungangeza i-sphagnum moss, ethengiswa ezitolo zezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kutholakala inhlabathi enempilo yokutshala i-orchid, lapho izothela khona izithelo futhi ivame ukuqhakaza.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Orchid
Imvamisa, i-orchid ingena endlini phakathi kwezimbali. Isikhathi, kungakanani ukuqhuma kwama-orchid, kanye nenani lezimbali ezise-phalaenopsis orchid zingahluka. Uhlelo lombala luhluke kakhulu. Imbali ingaba nge-monophonic noma ngemithambo enemibala noma amabala.
Kuqhuma kangaki
Imvamisa yama-orchid aqhakaza ngokuya ngeminyaka yesitshalo. Abancane kakhulu abakwazi ukwenza ama-peduncle. Kepha uma isitshalo sesineminyaka engu-1.5-2 ubudala, kufanele siqhume. Inani lamaqabunga lithinta nokuqhakaza kwama-orchid. Uma isivele yakhe amashidi angama-5-6 aqinile, isikulungele ngokuphelele ukwenza ama-buds.
Ngemininingwane! Ngokwesilinganiso, isitshalo esidala esinempilo siqhakaza okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingakwazi ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke.
Kunezikhathi zokuthula lapho i-orchid ingafuni ukujabulisa ngezimbali zayo ezinhle. Uma le nkathi ibambezelekile, ungasabisa "isitshalo", ngokwesibonelo, uhlele kabusha ibhodwe endaweni entsha. Lokhu kuzosebenza njengokukhuthaza ukukhula nokukhula kwembali.
Isikhathi esingakanani
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nendawo enhle, i-orchid ingaqhakaza izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zale mbali ziyakwazi ukuqhakaza izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Orchid kuqala kusukela lapho kuqala ihlumela. Ngemuva kokuthi isivule ngokuphelele, imbali iyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi ikhule ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa. Wonke ama-buds avuleka kancane kancane.
Lapho isitshalo siphonsa izimbali zazo zokuqala, amanye amaqabunga angavuleki noma abe phakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kwama-orchid akwanele.
Njengomthetho, amahlumela asondelene nomphetho we-peduncle aqala ukuqhakaza kuqala. Ukudalulwa okugcwele kwembali, kudingeka izinsuku eziyi-1-2. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-buds nezimbali, i-peduncle ingakwazi ukugqashula, ukugwema lokhu, udinga ukunamathela induku yepulasitiki noma yokhuni ebhodweni bese unamathisela i-peduncle kuyo.
Kubalulekile! Faka induku ebhodweni ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Orchid
Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali okuqhubekayo
Ngemuva kokuba imbali idluliselwe, kufanele ifakwe endaweni engashisi, evikelekile ekubhalweni nasekukhanyeni kwelanga. Izinga lokushisa lomoya elithanda kakhulu isitshalo esitshaliwe ngu-20-22 ° C. Ngaphandle kwesidingo, musa ukuhlela kabusha ibhodwe okungenani okokuqala, izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-orchid kufanele inakekelwe njengenjwayelo.
Akumele kuvunyelwe ukuthi umbuso wokushisa, ukukhanya, kanye nomswakama womoya ushintshe kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokunisela, njengokuthi: ukugeza, ukuchelela, ukuthambisa noma ukufafaza. Ebusika nasekwindla, imbali kufanele iniselwe kanye ngesonto, entwasahlobo nasehlobo - kabili njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Ngemininingwane! Ukuvama kokunisela kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo, isimo sezulu, emgodini ongaphansi. Lapha kukhethwa indlela eyodwa yokunisela.
Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kwe-orchid inqubo esetshenziswayo, lapho kufanelekile ukucubungula ama-nuances athile. Futhi emva kwayo, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okuhle. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho imbali izothokozela ngezimbali ezinde.
