I-Primula - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, isithombe

I-Primrose - isitshalo esimnandi kakhulu se-Primrose yomndeni (Primulaceae)izwe lakubo yiChina. Lesi sitshalo sihlwanyelwa kabanzi emhlabathini ovulekile nanjengesiko elibunjiwe likhule ngaphakathi ezindlini.

Izinhlobo zihlanganisa izitshalo eziphansi (25-30 cm) nge-rosette ehlanganisiwe yamaqabunga agqamile ambozwe nge-villi encane. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika, emikhawulweni yamahlumela angenamacembe we-primrose, ama-buds athuthukisa okukodwa noma aqoqwe kuma-inflemcose noma i-umbellate inflorescence. Ngayinye yakhiwa ama-petals ayi-5 afakelwe phansi, anemibala ngemibala ebomvu, ephuzi noma emhlophe.

Iningi labamele lingama-perennials anesilinganiso sokukhula okuphakathi. Eminye ingamakhambi e-biennial noma ngonyaka.

Izici eziwusizo

Zonke izingxenye zezimbali zisetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu:

• ama-decoctions alungiswa kusuka emaqabunga ekwelapheni izifo zokuphefumula;
• i-infusions evela ezimpandeni - i-expectorant, umchamo othambile kanye ne-diaphoretic, ithuthukisa ukugcinwa kwesisu kanye ne-metabolism.
• itiye elenziwa kusuka kuma-inflorescence liqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa.

Amahlamvu amasha we-primrose afakwa kumasaladi nesobho, nezimpande ezomile ezichotshoziwe zisetshenziswa njengesipayisi.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Kafushane

I-Primrose ekhaya ifuneka ezimweni zokushisa, ukukhanya, umswakama, futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile.

Izici ze-primrose ezikhulayo zimbalwa ngenani futhi zinqunywa ngama-nuances wezitshalo zawo. Ikakhulu, okuqukethwe phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula kwezimo eziseduzane nemvelo.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, iprimrose iyaphumula, inciphise uhlaza. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngokuqinile, kungcono ukusifaka endaweni evulekile. Ekwindla, imbali ibuyiselwa egumbini.

Ukunakekela i-primrose ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Ukunakekela i-primrose yasekhaya kulula futhi kuqukethe ukufeza imicimbi yendabuko yezimbali: ukunisela, ukufaka umquba, ukuthena kanye nokudlulisa.

Ukutshala i-primrose

Ukutshala inqubo eyisisekelo yokukhula kwe-primrose. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo kuncike ekunembile kokuziphatha kwaso.

Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, balungisa konke okudingayo:

• Imbiza ye-primrose: ephakathi, ebanzi futhi engajulile. Ukukhetha umthamo omkhulu kakhulu akufiseleki: isitshalo sizoqondisa yonke imizamo yaso ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezimpande kulimaze izimbali.
• Inhlabathi yokuqala: ethengiwe, ngendlela yenhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali noma eyalungiswa ngokuzimela ngamanani afanayo amaqabunga kanye nokushisa komhlaba nesihlabathi. Inhlabathi ibulala amagciwane ngokuchitha isixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala bulula futhi buqukethe ukulandelana kwezenzo ezimbalwa ezilula:

1. Phansi kwembiza, amanzi akalwa ngesendlalelo esingu-1.5-2 cm.
2. Inhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphezulu kukadoti, inciphisa 1-1,5 cm emaphethelweni wethangi.
3. Enkabeni, indawo yokuphumula yenziwa ngosayizi ohambelana nohlelo lwempande yesithombo.
4. Izimpande zibekwa egumbini lokuphumula futhi zimbozwe ngenhlabathi ukuze intamo yezimpande ihlale ngaphezulu.
5. Inhlabathi ezungeze ihlumela ihlanganiswa kancane.

Izitshalo ezitshaliwe ziniselwa kakhulu futhi zibekwe endaweni epholile, ekhanyayo.

Izimbali

Izinhlobo eziningi zeprimrose zibonakaliswa ekuqaleni (kusuka ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi) kanye nezindebe (izinyanga ezingama-2-3) zom.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziqhakaza kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Ephreli.

Izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa ziyaqhakaza ngoJuni.

Imodi yokushisa

Ehlobo, iprimrose izizwa ingcono ekhaya ngamazinga okushisa amakamelo ajwayelekile, kepha ebusika, ngesikhathi sokuphumula okulingana, idinga ukuphola. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo siyenqaba ukuqhakaza.

Ukufafaza

I-primrose yasekhaya ivumelana kalula nomswakama lapho kuphoqelelwa ukuba khona. Kodwa-ke, ngokulungiswa isikhathi eside emoyeni owomile, kunengozi enkulu yomonakalo owenziwe yisicabucabu, ngakho-ke kuzoba ngcono uma umoya umswakama.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamadivayisi wokushisa nokushisa kwehlobo, isikebhe esivulekile esinamanzi sibekwa eduze kwembali noma ipani ligcwele ubumba olunwebekile olumanzi noma imousse.

Isibani

I-Primrose inezithombe eziningi, kepha ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, ngakho-ke, ehlobo idinga ukuba mnyama. Ilanga lasebusika alikwazi ukulimaza imbali, ngaphezu kwalokho, liyayidinga.

Njengoba kunikezwe isidingo esikhulu sokukhanya okungasasebenzi, ibekwa kumafasitela amafasitela asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga.

Ukunisela

I-primrose yangaphakathi yezimbali idinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ukuvama komswakama wenhlabathi kunqunywa yisigaba sezitshalo zezitshalo nokushisa komoya kwangaphakathi:

• ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, inhlabathi ivame ukuthambisa lapho nje ungqimba lwayo olungaphezulu (1-1,5 cm) loma kancane;
• emva kokuqhakaza izimbali - ngokulinganisa;
• ebusika, lapho lesi sitshalo siphumule - kuyaqabukela, sivumele ukomiswa okugcwele kwenhlabathi kuze kube ngu-3 cm;
• lapho zigcinwa egumbini elifudumele (20 ° C), ziniselwa kaningi nangaphezulu, kepha azivumeli ukumiswa kwamanzi hhayi embizeni kuphela, kodwa nasepanini.

Inhlabathi iyanyiswa ngamanzi athambile (ahleliwe kahle noma ahlungiwe), igwema ukuthintana kwayo namaqabunga nemiqumbe.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Awukwazi ukondla ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Umanyolo uqala ukusetshenziswa lapho sekuphela izimbali, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7- 7, enika ukukhetha izisombululo zamalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe okungenani i-0,1% ammonium nitrate.

Ngokuphendula okungathandeki kwembali ekugqokeni, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthanda, ukugxilisa umuthi kuncishiswe ngu-1/3.

Ukufakelwa

Ukunakekela i-primrose kuhlanganisa ukufakelwa. Ukuvama kwale nqubo kuncike eminyakeni imbali:

• izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zitshalwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo, ziguqula ngokuphelele inhlabathi ibe yintsha futhi ikhethe imbiza enkulu;
• Izitshalo ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 zitshalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Umthamo ungaphansi kokubuyiselwa esikhundleni kuphela uma i-primrose ikhule kakhulu.

Kwenzeka ukuthi imbali idinga ukufakelwa okungakahlelwanga. Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwawo yilezi:

• izimpande eziqhakaza ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokudonsa;
• ukugabha noma ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi;
• ukudonsa kwesitshalo ngenxa yokubola kwezimpande.

Ngemuva kokufakelwa, imbali iyaniselwa futhi yenziwe mnyama izinsuku ezingama-3-5. Ukuqalwa kabusha kweqabunga le-turgor ne-hue yabo eluhlaza kuwubufakazi bokunika impande ngempumelelo.

Izihlahla

I-Primrose ayidingi ukulungiswa ngomqondo wendabuko walesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amaqabunga aqothulayo nama-buds angaphansi kokususwa ngesikhathi, okuzosindisa amandla ezimbali futhi kungukuvimbela okuhle kwentuthuko yezifo nezilokazane.

Ukuzala

Kukhishwe kalula ngokushelela ngosizo lwokusika. Le ndlela iyaphawuleka ngobulula bayo nokusebenza kahle kwayo.

Ukusakazwa kwe-primrose ngokusikwa

Izimbambo zenziwa ngoMeyi, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kuhlukaniswa iqabunga le-axillary nengxenye yehlumela kanye nehlumela elisekelweni leqabunga leqabunga. Lesi isiqu. Imile ezitsheni ezingashoni ezigcwaliswe nge-substrate enezingqimba ezimbili:

• ngezansi - 2-2,5 cm we-peat noma umhlaba wamaqabunga;
• ngaphezulu - 2 cm yesihlabathi semifula esihlanganayo.

Ama-cutways atshalwe ngokungacabangi, aqunjelwe izinso, aze afinyelele ku-1 cm. Isitsha sibekwa endaweni epholile, ekhanyayo (16-18 ° C), sigcina isihlabathi sisendaweni emanzi ngokulinganayo.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, amahlumela azoqala ukukhula ezinso. Ngemuva kokukhula kwamaqabunga amasha ama-3-4, izitshalo ezincane zidluliselwa kwezinye iziqukathi ezinobubanzi obuyi-7-9 m, zigcwaliswe ngengxube yobumba lomhlaba obumbekayo, i-humus nesihlabathi (4: 2: 1).

Izimbali zokuqala ze-primrose, ezikhule kusuka kusiki, zizongena cishe isigamu sonyaka.

Ikhula primrose kusuka imbewu

I-Primrose ingatshalwa kusuka imbewu eqoqwe ngokuzimela noma ithengwe esitolo.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, kusetshenziswa amapuleti amancane noma amabhokisi agcwele ingxube yesihlabathi.

Imbewu (0.5 g ngesitsha ngasinye) zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ebusweni bomhlabathi obunyakazisiwe, embozwe ngento ebonakalayo, enomoya futhi ibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, ngokwesibonelo, efasiteleni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele.

Amahlumela adonswa kabili, bese atshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukene (amasentimitha ayisikhombisa) ezigcwele ngengxube yezakhi ezivela enhlabathini enesihlabathi esivuthayo (2: 2: 1). Lapho isitsha sixinekile, izitshalo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amakhulu.

Izimbali zokuqala zeprimrose ezikhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zizofika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-primrose ifinyelela ekwephuleni imibandela yokuboshwa nokunakekelwa ngokushintsha ukubukeka kwayo kanye nezimila:

• amaqabunga aphuzi i-primrose - umoya omile kakhulu, ukunisela ngamanzi kanzima, ukuswakama komswakama, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wokuhlushwa okuphezulu;
• ishiya ukubola - Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokuswakama okuphezulu komoya nenhlabathi, ukumanziswa kwamaqabunga njalo ngesikhathi sokunisela;
• izimbali ziyaphela ngokushesha - nomoya omile kakhulu futhi ofudumele (angaphezu kwama-20 ° C).
• aluqhakaza uma uchithe ubusika egumbini elifudumele (ngenhla kuka-20 ° C).

Izifo ezisele ze-primrose zingumphumela wokunqotshwa kwesikhunta senziwe buthaka ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kwezitshalo.

1. I-Spotting: ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuphakamisa ukuchelela ngokweqile kanye nezisekelo zamaqabunga anomoya omfushane ngokuqina ngokweqile. Ukutheleleka kubonakaliswa ngokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezimpunga kuma-peduncles kanye namaqabunga amaqabunga, abese embozwe nge-plaque.
2. I-Ramulariosis iba lapho isitshalo sigcinwa sipholile futhi sinamanzi amaningi. Kutholakala ngokuvela kwamaqabunga ezindawo eziyindilinga zombala ophuzi, okuthi kamuva kube mnyama bese zibola, okuholela ekufeni kweqabunga lonke, bese kuthi lesi sitshalo.

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kuhlanganiswa nokususwa ngesikhathi kwezingxenye ezonakalisiwe kanye nokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe okulandelayo kwesitshalo sonke ngezixazululo zeFundozol noma iTopsin.

I-Primrose ingathinteka yizilokazane: ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikala, ukujiya, i-weevil, izibungu zesicabucabu. Ezimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo, izinambuzane ezinambuzane zichithwa ngezindlela zabantu, ezimweni eziphambili, kusetshenziswa izinambuzane.

Izinhlobo zokwenza i-primrose okuzenzakalelayo ngezithombe namagama

Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-500 zezitshalo. Endlini kukhule kuphela ezinye zazo.

I-Primula obconica noma i-conic ephambene (Primula obconica)

I-herbaceous (kuze kufike ku-60 cm) ene-herbaceous perennial ene-rosette ethambile enamaqabunga amade amakhulu (10 cm) amnyama enhliziyo enomphetho, onomphetho we-wavy. Iqhakaza, yakha ama-inflorescence abukeka njengamambulela kusuka kuma-buds anemibala ehlukene ka-3-4 cm ububanzi, kufaka iphunga elimnandi.

I-Primrose malacoides noma i-mallow-like (Primula malacoides)

Umuthi waminyaka yonke ofinyelela ku-40-45 cm amade nge-rosette eminyene ye-elvalated-oval, enomphetho we-serated, amaqabunga. Iqala ukuqhakaza ekwindla sekwephuzile, yakha izikebhe eziwu-8 ezinde esihlahleni esisodwa, zigcina ngama-inflorescences amade amade, aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi (kuze kufike ku-45) ezincane (ubukhulu kuze kube ngu-1.5 cm) izimbali zemibala epinki, ebomvu noma emhlophe, evame ukufakwa ngemivimbo, ophuzi umnyombo.

I-Primula vulgaris noma i-Common (Primula vulgaris)

Simelelwa yiningi lama-nzalo aqukethe i-rosette eyindilinga yamaqabunga anwebekile, lapho engxenyeni ephakathi nalapho indawo yezimpaphe ibonakala kahle khona. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amasonto angama-3-4, yakha ama-peduncle aphansi aphela ngohlobo olulodwa olukhulu (amasentimitha angama-2,5) amaqabunga amhlophe qhwa, obomvana okwesibhakabhaka onsomi, obomvu, ophuzi kanye nama-burgundy shades. Loluhlobo luvame kakhulu ukwedlula ezinye olunikezwa ngalo luyathengiswa futhi luhlakulelwe zombili ezimbizeni nasemhlabathini ovulekile.