I-Koufea (Cuphea) isihlahla esihle esiqhakaza izimbali esiqhamuka emndenini wakwaDerbennikovye. Isitshalo sikhula kancane. Eminyakeni eminingi emvelweni, ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Emvelweni yemvelo, indawo yonke ebhuqiwe yande ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishubile zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, izwe le cafe yiMexico.
Isitshalo sibukeka sikhulu ngokutshala okuhlanganyelwe nezitshalo ezinhle. EYurophu, i-caffeine itshalwa ezitaladini ezinkulu zomgwaqo kanye nezimbali zonyaka. Muva nje, abalimi abaningi ezindlini zasemakhaya bakhulisa isihlahla njengesitshalo sonyaka. Ekhaya, indawo yokudlela ikhula ibe ngu-0,6 m.
Ubunzima obuncane bungenzeka lapho unakekela isitshalo: kuchazwa ngemvelaphi yaso yezitshalo ezishisayo. I-yokudlela yokudweba iqhakaza ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi ekwindla, yakha amasinono noma iphakeme kancane kune-emerald eyindilinga ishiya izimbali eziyizimbali eziyisithupha.
Qiniseka ukuthi unaka izitshalo ezinhle ezifana ne-hippeastrum kanye ne-diplases.
| Izinga lokukhula eliphansi. | |
| I-yokudlela yokudubula iqhakaza ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya maphakathi ekwindla. | |
| Kulula ukukhula isitshalo. | |
| Isitshalo se-perennial. |
Izici eziwusizo ze-cafe
Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sikhula emasimini amakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kwimbewu ye-kufei, ama-acid acids ayatholakala, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-shampoos namanye amakhemikhali asendlini. U-Koufey, ngokusho kwengqondo, usiza ekusunguleni ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, ukusungula ubudlelwano obuhle.
Ngakho-ke izimbiza zezimbali ezinezimbali zivame ukuhlobisa amakamelo okuhlangana namahhovisi. Ekhaya, indawo yokudlela ithuthukisa amandla egumbi, ilethe ukuzola nenjabulo kuyo.
I-cafe ibomvu ngomlilo. IzithombeUKoufea: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Kafushane
Abathandi bezitshalo zasendlini bayazi: i-cufeira ekhaya ingakhula kahle futhi ichume, uma kudalwe izimo ezinhle:
| Imodi yokushisa | Ehlobo - kuze kufike ku + 25 ° C, ebusika - okungenani + 12 ° C. |
| Umswakama womoya | Phezulu, ezinsukwini zasehlobo fafaza izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku. |
| Isibani | Kugqamile; ukubekwa emafasiteleni aseningizimu - empumalanga noma eningizimu - ngasentshonalanga; efasiteleni laseningizimu bayakhothama ntambama. |
| Ukunisela | Ebusika - kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10; ehlobo - ukuthambisa okuningana njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4. |
| Inhlabathi ye-kafei | I-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yendawo yonke noma ingxube yenhlabathi yezingxenye ezilinganayo zamaqabunga, i-peat, inhlabathi engadini, isihlabathi. |
| Umanyolo nomanyolo | Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo - kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14 - Umanyolo womhlaba wonke oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium. |
| Ukufakelwa kweKafei | Isihlahla esisha - minyaka yonke, entwasahlobo; ukuvuthwa - kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2,5. |
| Ukuzala | Izilimo nembewu. |
| Izici Ezikhulayo | Entwasahlobo, amahlumela anqunywa ku-1/3 ukuze amagatsha esihlahla aqhakaza aqhakaze. I-kufee idinga umoya omusha, ngakho igumbi livame ukungena umoya. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siyiswa engadini noma kuvulandi, sivikele okusalungiswa. |
Ukunakekela isitolo sekhofi ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe
IKoufea ayisona nje isitshalo esihle, kodwa futhi siyabonga. Uma isihlahla sakhiwe kahle, siyojabulisa izimbali minyaka yonke.
Izimbali kafei
Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ukuqhakaza kwe-kufei kuqala. Le yinqubo enemibala futhi emide ephela maphakathi no-Okthoba. Esihlahleni, kukhiqizwa ama-inflorescence amaningi avela ezimbali ezibunjiweyo. Umbala wazo ungahluka: obomvu, omhlophe, opinki, onsomi. Ububanzi bezimbali bufika cishe ku-3 cm.
Izimbali zazo zonke izinhlobo zekhofi zakhiwa ngamacembe ayisithupha (amakhulu kunawo wonke yilezo ezimbili ezingenhla). Ukuphila kwembali ngayinye kufushane, ngokushesha kuyaphela. Ukuze wenze ama-inflorescence amasha avele ngokushesha, kudingeka ukuthi asuswe ngesikhathi.
Isihluthulelo sesitshalo esihle esinezimbali eziqhakaza ubusika obupholile nokutshala ebhodweni eliqinile. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka izithelo zohlobo lwangempela - lwalugobile -.
Imodi yokushisa
Indawo yokudlela eyenziwe ekhaya iyisitshalo se-thermophilic. Ukuze kutholakale imifino efanelekile nokuqhakaza okuhle, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukubusa kwezinga lokushisa nokugcina lesi sitshalo ebusika emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni (cishe + 18 ° C). Ehlobo, ikhefi lizizwa lihle ku + 23 - 25 ° C. Kubalulekile ukuthi ebusika i-thermometer ingehli ngaphansi kuka + 12 ° C.
I-shrub ayibekezeleli ushintsho olubukhali lokushisa kanye okusalungiswa - liqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singakhiphelwa ngaphandle kuvulandi noma engadini bese sibekwa endaweni evikelwe umoya. Ekhaya, kufakwa ipaki lezimbali kude nendawo enomoya kanye nefasitela elivulekile.
Ukufafaza
Kofeya ekhaya incamela ukukhula ngesikhathi somswakama ophezulu (kusuka ku-65%). Lokhu kungenxa yemvelaphi yesitshalo esishisayo. Ukuze ulondoloze isihlahla futhi uvikele izifo ezingaba khona nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane, umswakama uyanda ngokwenziwe.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, fafaza. Ehlobo, inqubo yenziwa izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto. Ngemuva kokufafaza, imbali kumele ibe nomthunzi. Ekuphakameni kwenkathi yokushisa, ibhodwe elinezitshalo libekwa epallet elinamatshe amanzi, libekwe kude namabhethri. Kubekwa isitsha samanzi esivulekile eceleni kwaso.
Isibani
Isitshalo esinezimpande ezishisayo sikhula kahle futhi siqhakaza kahle lapho ukukhanya kuhlelwe kahle. I-shrub ibekwa efasiteleni eliseningizimu mpumalanga noma entshonalanga, njengoba kudingeka ukunakekela i-cafe ekhaya. Ngokukhanya okukhulu - efasiteleni eliseningizimu - imiphetho yamaqabunga izophenduka ibomvu ngomlilo.
Uma kuzoba nokukhanya okuncane - uma kubekwa engxenyeni esenyakatho yendlu - indawo yokudlela ngeke iqhakaze, amahlumela ayo ayohlulwa. Beka imbali efasiteleni elibheke eningizimu, bayifaka umthunzi ntambama eshisayo.
Ukunisela amakhofi
Lapho kukhula amakhofi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi i-substrate ayigcini. Ehlobo, isitshalo sidinga umswakama njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4. Ukunisela amakhofi kufanele kube kuningi ukuze amanzi ngokweqile aphume emigodini yokudonsa.
Umswakama omile ungadala ukubola kwezimpande. Ukuvimbela le nkinga, kwenziwa ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi ngaphansi kwezimbiza, bese kufakwa izakhi zokukhululeka (i-vermiculite, perlite, isitini somcako). Ekwindla, inani leenkampani zokunisela liyancipha, kanti ebusika, i-caffeine iniselwa cishe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Ihlala inisela ngamanzi afudumele, afudumele. Indawo yezimpande ifakwe emanzini ukuze kugcinwe umswakama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-coconut substrate, i-sphagnum.
Imbiza yekhofi
Imbiza ekhethwe kahle i-kufei iyisihluthulelo senhlala-kahle nokuqhakaza kwezimbali okukhanyayo. Lapho ubuyisela imbiza ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesihlahla, ububanzi besitsha bukhuphuka ngamasentimitha amathathu. Kukholelwa ukuthi ububanzi obukhulu bezinga lobumba bungafinyelela ku-0,25 m.
Isitshalo siqhakaza kamnandi lapho sitshalwe esitsheni esincane esiminyene. Phansi kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ngokweqile.
Inhlabathi
Ukuze isitshalo se-cofee sitshale kahle ekhaya, kubalulekile ukukhetha umhlabathi ofanele wokutshala. Into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi kumele ibe enempilo futhi ixege. Ungathenga i-substrate yendawo yonke esitolo sezimbali esine-acidic reaction (pH 5.3 - 6, 4).
Ungalungisa ingxube yenhlabathi ngokwakho okuqukethe inani elilinganayo lomhlaba wensimu, isihlabathi, umhlaba wamaqabunga kanye ne-peat. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, kufakwa i-powida yamalahle kuwo, uthathe izingcezu ezincane ze-moss, vermiculite.
Umanyolo nomanyolo
Ukuze ikhemishi liqhakaze kahle futhi lilondoloze ukungatheleleki ezingeni eliphakeme, ukufaka umanyolo nokufaka umanyolo kuyadingeka. Chitha futhi ugqoke imibala ephezulu. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali wezimbali zezindlu eziqukethe i-potassium ne phosphorus.
Ithuluzi lisetshenziswa kwifomu elihlanjululwe ngemuva kokunisela kusihlwa. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa, i-cafe ifakiwe izinsuku ezi-1 - 2.
Ukufakelwa
Amapuleti amasha atshala njalo entwasahlobo. Ukufakelwa kokuvuthwa okuvuthiwe kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2,5. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande zesihlahla zimboza ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba. Imbiza ithathelwa indawo entsha, ububanzi bayo bungama-30mm ubukhulu kunobubanzi bebhodwe elidlule.
Ungqimba obukhulu lwamanzi lubekwa phansi phansi kwembiza, kuthunyelwa isizinda esisha. Beka isitshalo bese ungeza umhlaba ezimpandeni, usizungeze ngezimpande. Inisele kahle futhi ifafazwe nomhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalijuli iphuzu lokukhula. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, indawo yokudlela iyahlanza izinsuku eziningana. Ukondla kuqala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14.
Ungasika kanjani ikofi
Kuyo yonke impilo, i-kufee idinga ukuthenwa: ukuhlanzeka - ukugcina isitshalo sihlanzekile futhi sakha-ukwakha isimo esithandekayo. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa unyaka wonke: ama-inflorescence afihlekile, amahlumela omisiwe nanodliwe ayasuswa.
Entwasahlobo, amahlumela afinyezwa engxenyeni yesithathu. Esitolo sokudlela, ehlobo le-isopolistic, thinta iziphetho zamagatsha. Okulandelayo, usebenzisa unqunqa ukudala umqhele wesimo osifunayo. Kuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngendlela yebhola le-fluffy noma iphiramidi eqinile.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ukuze indawo yokudlela itholakale kabusha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali isikhathi eside, idinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Kuqala ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuye ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Isitshalo ngalesi sikhathi sigcinwa egumbini elipholile lokushisa kwekamelo; wanisela njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-10.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhuthaza ukukhula ngokugqoka okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi: indawo yokudlela izodambisa ukunikezwa kwamandla.
Ukuzalaniswa kweKafei
Ekhaya, kufei kungasakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ukukhula Kafei kusuka KuMbewu
Kwenziwa kaningi: imbewu incane, futhi ukuhluma kwayo kuphansi. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlwanyela imbewu, zibekwa phezu kwethambo eliswakeme, ukushaya izandla kancane, hhayi ukufafaza nomhlaba. Mboza ngefilimu bese umila ngo-22 22. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu iyasuswa. Lapho kuqala amaqabunga okuqala, i-cafe itshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile.
Ukusakazwa kwe-kufei ngokusikeka
Entwasahlobo, ukusikeka kuze kufike ku-15 cm ubude kunqunywa kusuka amahlumela aqinile apical .. Aphathwa nge-stimulator yokwakheka kwezimpande futhi atshalwe endaweni engaphansi yomswakama ngaphansi kwebhodlela lepulasitiki elitshaliwe. Kususwa isitholi sokunisela kanye nokungenisa umoya ezitshalweni. Lapho amaqabunga evela, imbiza iyasuswa. Lapho amaqabunga amancane ekhula futhi kuqhamuka amanye amasha ayi-2, izithombo ziyatshalwa.
Ukuze kufei, indlela yokwenza imifino yokuzala ibhekwa njengehamba phambili. Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sibuye sikhiqizwe ngokuhlukanisa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IKoufeia iyisitshalo esine-immune eqinile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ihlaselwa yizifo nezinambuzane ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafundile. Imbali ngokubukeka kwayo ikhuluma ngezinkinga:
- amabala grey kumaqabunga e-kofey - ukubukeka kokubola okungwevu (izingxenye ezonakalisiwe ziyasuswa, ingxenye esele yesitshalo iphathwa nge-fungicide);
- amahlamvu kafei ayawa - kusuka kokusalungiswa (hlela kabusha endaweni evikelwe);
- kofeya rots - ngokweqile okuhleliwe komswakama (otshalwe komunye umhlabathi, ukusika izimpande ezilimele; ukuthambisa okulungile);
- amahlamvu kafei aphenduka aphuzi -ukuntuleka kwensimbi (ukugqokwa phezulu kokugqoka nge-iron chelate noma uthele ngaleli thuluzi).
Izimbuzane zesicabucabu ezibomvu, imhlophe, kanye nama-aphid atheleleka kakhulu kunezinye izinambuzane. Ukusiqothula, lesi sitshalo sinikezwa indawo yokugeza eqabulayo, bese siphathwa ngesinambuzane. Kulula ukuvikela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ngokwandisa umswakama egumbini.
Izinhlobo zekhofi yasekhaya enezithombe namagama
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250 izinhlobo zekhofi. Zithandwa kakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane ezivamile kuzo zombili ingadi namasiko angaphakathi. Kubhekiswa kubo
I-Caffeine ebomvu evuthayo (Cuphea ignea, Cupea platycentra)
Isihlahla esididiyelwe, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-0.35. Amaqabunga e-Emerald ahlukaniswa ngesimo esidlulile kanye nesithambisi sesimilo. Ubude bezimbali ezibomvu eziqhakazile abudluli kuma-30 mm. Imiphetho yamacembe amhlophe - ansundu ayagoba. Ngenxa yokufana kwesimo se-bud nogwayi oshunqisayo, le nhlobo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umuthi kagwayi". Ukubukeka kwe-thermophilic kakhulu.
Ukukhishwa kweKofeya
IKoufea ayisona nje isitshalo esihle, kepha futhi iyisidalwa esihle. Iba ngokuzimela ngemuva kwezitshalo ezinezimbali zegolide namaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda samahlamvu amnyama acwebezelayo we-kufei, abukeka akhange ngokwengeziwe. Noma ikuphi ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokudlela kuzodedela ingaphakathi kulethe inothi ebabayo kuyo.
Manje kufundwa:
- I-Chlorophytum - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
- Oleander
- Jasmine - okhulayo nokunakekelwa ekhaya, isithombe
- Ikhaya le-Alocasia. Ukulima nokunakekela
- Ahimenez - okhulayo nokunakekelwa ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
