I-Aspidistra - ekhulayo nokunakekelwa ekhaya, isithombe

Aspidistra (Aspidistra) isitshalo esithandekayo esidabuka eMpumalanga Asia.

I-perennial igqame phakathi kwamanye ama-evergreens angaphakathi anamahlamvu aluhlaza aqhakaza aluhlaza. Amaqabunga e-oblong anemithambo ekhanyayo emide, enza ifomu elihle lesitshalo, angafinyelela ukuphakama okungama-80 cm, ububanzi obuyi-15 cm.

Isitshalo esi-herbaceous somndeni we-Asparagaceae asinazo iziqu, sibonakaliswa ngesilinganiso sokukhula kancane (amaqabunga ama-2-3 ngonyaka). Isikhathi sokuphila asidluli iminyaka eyishumi, kuyilapho njalo eminyakeni emibili isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa okuphoqelekile.

I-Aspidistra ibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okufushane ngenkathi yehlobo noma ukungabikho kwayo okuphelele.

Izici eziwusizo

I-evergreen Aspidistra yaziswa abathandi bokuhlanzeka nokuhleleka endlini ngezakhiwo ezinjalo zamahlamvu ayo e-chic:

• imunca intuthu, intuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komhlaba;
• I-ejenti elisebenzayo ye-antibacterial, umqoqi wothuli ohlanza izakhiwo zokuhlala;
• usebenza njengesihlisi semvelo ngokunisela okuvamile;
• Kungumswakama omuhle kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbali yemvelaphi yasendaweni ephephile iphephile ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Kwabaningi, ungumnakekeli wezindlo zomndeni nengcebo endlini, i-talisman esweni elibi.

Isitshalo sokwelapha esisetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yendabuko yaseShayina neyaseJapan. Izici zokuphulukisa zivela kumakhasi anamahlamvu kanye nesiyezi.

• I-prelestnik ye-Oriental ithatha indawo yezidambisa-mzimba nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
• Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-decoctions avela ezingxenyeni zesitshalo ezinkingeni zempilo ezinjengokuthi: i-urolithiasis, izifo zomgudu wesisu, uhudo, izinhlungu zemisipha, nezimpawu zokuqina.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Yize i-aspidistra ingenakuzithoba, noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukukhulisa "isitsha sokuhlobisa" esiluhlaza okotshani, kufanele wazi izidingo eziyisisekelo zalesi sitshalo ezimeni zemvelo.

Nakekela i-aspidistra ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Indoda ebukeka kahle eluhlaza empumalanga ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kepha unganqabi ukudala izimo ezithandekayo zokukhula kwayo nokukhula ngokuphelele. Nawa amanye amathiphu awusizo wendlela yokuhlela kahle i-cosplant ye-houseplant.

Ukufakelwa

I-aspidistra yasekhaya imila kahle lapho itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesigaba sokukhula ngamandla. Uma sikhuluma ngokutshala, khona-ke engqondweni kukhona ukuhlaliswa kwamaqabunga ngengxenye yesistimu yezimpande etholwe ngokuhlukanisa uhlelo lwempande lwe-perennial.

• Ukwenza isitshalo esiphelele, amaqabunga ahlala ahlukaniswe ngababili. Kufanelekile ukutshala amasampula amasha. Njengoba kungekho amahlumela kulesi sitshalo, ukuvuthwa kwamahlamvu kunqunywa ngokubonakala nobukhulu bawo.
• Lapho utshala izitshalo ezincane, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo. Ukuhlukaniswa kohlelo lwempande kwenziwa ngommese obukhali.
• Ukutshala nokudlulisa izitshalo kungenzeka kuphela enhlabathini entsha.
• Kunconywa ukuthi izimpande ezibekwe ebhodweni zigcwaliswe inhlabathi nge-2/3.
• Ukubamba imbala kuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga.

Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo ezitshaliwe kuqukethe ngokulinganisa kokuphuza nokukhanyisa.

Izimbali

Imbali ye-Aspidistra ezimeni zasendlini, njengasendalweni yemvelo, eziqhakaza kanye ngonyaka noma kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-inflorescence ombala onsomi omnyama akhiwa ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, okuthi, ukungabi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuphele.

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda samahlamvu amahle, ama-inflorescence amancane amancane acishe angabonakali, ngenxa yalokho, bambalwa abatshali bezimbali abaphendukela kwizinyathelo ezengeziwe zokushukumisa isitshalo ukuba siqhakaze.

Imodi yokushisa

Kubukeka sengathi i-aspidistra ekhaya iqine njengasezilwaneni zasendle. Ukuguquguquka okushisa okubukhali akumesabi, kepha uma kungeyona ehlelekile. Isibonelo, isitshalo singaphila ngokushisa kwe-0 ° C no-30 ° C, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo njalo imbali ngeke ife.

Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga isivikelo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, ngenkathi ebandayo izinga lokushisa li-+ 10-12 ° С.

Ukufafaza

Isitshalo esithanda umswakama asikwemukeli ukuqoqwa kothuli kumahlamvu, ngakho-ke ukugwema njalo lokhu kungenza kungenzeki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi afudumele nesiponji esithambile.

I-aspidistra yasekhaya idinga ukufafazwa okwengeziwe kwamahlamvu ngamanzi anakekelwa kahle, izinqubo zilungile lapho izinga lokushisa lekamelo lingaphezu kuka + 19 ° C. Ukuvama kwenqubo kwenziwa kabili ngesonto.

Isibani

• Yize ikhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wezilwane zemvelo, noma ngabe yikuphi kufanele umuntu ancishwe ukukhanya kwayo, ngisho ne-dimmest, etshalwe ekhaya.
• Ungasivezi isitshalo ukushisa kwelanga. Kuyasiza ukuthatha imbali yokuhamba kwehlobo engadini enomthunzi.
• Inketho ekahle yokubeka imbiza yezimbali nge-aspidistra uhlangothi olusenyakatho lwezindlu.

Ukunisela

Isitshalo sasemuva simelana kakhulu nesomiso kunomswakama omningi. Ukuze uvikele ukubola kohlelo lwempande, nisela i-aspidistra ngokuqapha.

Ukuvama kokunisela kuncike ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukuhumusha kufanelekile lapho inhlabathi yomile ngo 2/3.

Uma imbali isendaweni epholile - imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa ngesigamu. Ukuze usetshenziselwe ukuchelela amanzi ahlala endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.

Ukukhetha kwebhodwe

Ukusha nokukhula kwamahlamvu wesilo sasekhaya kuncike ngqo esimweni sohlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo. Lapho kukhulu imbiza yezimbali, kukhuphuka umqhele omkhulu futhi mkhulu ngokubabazekayo.

• Izimpande ze-aspidistra zivame ukukhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke umthamo wokukhula kufanele ube nobanzi futhi ujule.
• Izithombo ezithengiwe ezitsheni ezincane zidinga ukufakelwa okuphoqelekile ebhodweni elivulekile kakhudlwana.

Inhlabathi

Ukuzithoba kwembali ekubumbeni kwenhlabathi kuhambelana. Ngokungangabazeki, kungenzeka ukuthi utshale futhi udlulisele enhlabathini engadini, kodwa abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bayabona iqiniso lokuthi inhlabathi etshalwe ngokulinganayo ekwakhiweni ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule ube nezinhlobo ezinhle zezitshalo ezinamahlamvu amahle.

Ngezithombo ezincane, kwanele ukwakha ingxube ye-peat kanye ne-humus + drainage noma isihlabathi esikalini 2 2/1. Ngokudluliselwa kwezitshalo zabantu abadala, kufanelekile ukwengeza i-sphagnum moss kule ngxenye, kanye namalahle, bese ubeka indawo yokuhlunga ngefudu noma inhlabathi engadini.

I-Aspidistra yamukela izinketho zomhlaba ongaphefumula, ngakho-ke lapho uhlanganisa ingxube yenhlabathi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngezakhi ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngamatshe.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Isitshalo sidinga umsoco phakathi kwesigaba esisebenzayo sesikhathi sokukhula. Ukusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, kunconyelwa ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini ngomanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.

Imvamisa yesicelo sokufaka umanyolo incike endaweni imbali:

• ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe ngokukhanyayo - kanye ngenyanga;
• ebomvu - kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Umthamo ophelele wamanyolo we-aspidistra uyisigamu somuthi onconywe ngumenzi.

Umanyolo we-Liquid nokugqoka okuphezulu kulungele imbali yasemuva.

Ama-fluorides kanye nomanyolo emigodini kungasithinti kahle isitshalo.

Umanyolo owaziwa kakhulu ngokuhlobisa nokufakwa ezindlini okuyi-Uniflor.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-aspidistra

Kudluliselwe izampula ezenze amahlamvu angaphezu kwama-8, kanye nohlelo olukhulu lwezimpande.

• Imbali ifakwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izimpande futhi ingazisusi inqwaba yomhlaba. Imvamisa kuphela ingaphezulu lenhlabathi elisuswa.
• Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwengxenye, izingxenye ezingenhla zezintambo zezimpande azimboziwe ngenhlabathi.
• Ingxube yenhlabathi yokufakelwa komhlaba inomhlaba onqabile ngokufakwa kwe-peat kanye ne-drainage ngesilinganiso 2 2/1.

Isitshalo asenzi kahle ekuguqukeni, inqubo le ifanele kuphela lapho kunesidingo.

Izihlahla

Ukususwa ngomshini kwamaqabunga e-aspidistra kwenziwa lapho kunesidingo. Ukusikwa okucashile okucocekile kwenziwa ezansi kwezimpande. Ukususwa kuncike ekushwabeni, amaqabunga omile atheleleke ezifweni (ezinamabala, izimbobo, ezisontekile, ezidaluliwe).

Isikhathi sokuphumula

I-perennial eluhlaza ithokozela ukuhlaza okuhlaza okotshani unyaka wonke, ngakho bambalwa abatshali bezimbali abaziphawulayo ezinye zezici zokugeleza kwesigaba sokumila sokuhlala kwembali ye-aspidistra. Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwesitshalo kusuka ekuqaleni ekwindla kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika kuqukethe ekuwugcineni emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka + 16 ° С.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aspidistra

Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo zabantu abadala noma ukusikwa kwamahlamvu.

Ukuveza kabusha i-aspidistra ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla

• Ukwehlukanisa i-aspidistra kuhilela ukusika izimpande zesitshalo ngemuva kokukhipha ebhodweni ezingxenyeni eziningana. Kwizithombo, kukhethwe ama-rhizomes anamaqabunga amancane amabili kuya kwamane.
• Ingxenye ngayinye yesitshalo ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa ifakwa ebhodweni lezimbali ngalinye elinobubanzi okungenani abangama-15 cm, ligcwalisiwe nge-peat, isihlabathi kanye ne-drainage.
• Ukuze kube nokubanda okusheshayo ngemuva kokutshala, iziqukathi ezinezithombo zigcinwa emakamelweni ngokukhanyiswa okulinganiselwe emazingeni okushisa okungenani + 20 ° С.

Ukusakazeka kweqabunga le-aspidistra

Ukusakazwa kweqabunga ukusakazwa kwamaqabunga e-aspidistra.

• Amapheshana aphelele angenamaphutha afanelekile ekubolekeni. Ukusikwa kwamaqabunga okubonakalayo kwenziwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimpande.
• Ama-leafy asikwe omisiwe ezansi abekwa esitsheni esivaliwe esinamanzi abekwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyiselwe ngokulinganayo kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpande zokuqala.
• Ngemuva kokuba izimpande sezihlumile, imbewu ibekwa enhlabathini yokutshala bese isitshalo siniselwa njalo, izinga lokushisa liyi-+16 -18 ° C, umoya omncane.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Noma unakekela isitshalo esingabinayo inkani, kungavela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga i-aspidistra - umthelela omubi wemisebe ye-ultraviolet;
• ishiya ukuqhekeka - ukulinganiselwa kokufaka isicelo somanyolo akuhlonishwa;
• izimpande zezitshalo zibola - umswakama okweqile, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesikhunta (fusarium), ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi engangcolisiwe ngesikhathi sokutshala;
• amabala ansundu emaphethelweni amaqabunga - isitshalo sihlushwa ukushiswa yilanga;
• casting phuzi - umswakama okweqile (i-chlorosis), ukutheleleka kwembali enezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta (i-anthracnose, ukubola kwezimpande);
• izinsalela ziyaphela - ukukhanyisa okunganele;
• engakhuli - ukungondleki okwanele kokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi ngokunisela ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti kanye namaminerali, i-lime ne-chlorine;
• isitshalo siphela - I-subcooling, ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa.

Kuyathinteka izinambuzane ezinjengo-mealybug, i-spider mite, isilinganiso se-fern.

Izinhlobo ze-aspidistra ezenziwe ekhaya

Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Aspidistra, luhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalesi sitshalo olwakhiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphakathi - I-Aspidistra ephezulu (Aspidistra Elatior Blume).

Igama elidumile "umndeni onobungane". Kubonakala ngamahlamvu amaningi. Amaqabunga wesimo se-lanceolate esiphakeme, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani anemithambo ekhanyayo, ubude obuyi-60-80 cm, cm cm ububanzi.

Isitshalo asinazo iziqu. Izimbali azivamile. Ama-inflorescence mancane, onsomi, enza izithelo ngesimo amajikijolo abunjiwe, ngaphakathi lapho imbewu ivuthwa.