Kungaba kuhle ukuzizwa ehlathini ngaphandle kokushiya indlu. Ihlumela elihlaza kakhulu elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eliye laphenduka ingadi yezitshalo ngabafuyi, linikeza ithuba elinjalo, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lihlala kahle ukutshala nokuhlinzeka kahle, emva kwalokho ungathatha izithombe ngenkumbulo bese uthola ukubuyekezwa kwama-rave kusuka kubangani nakwabajwayele. Kusukela ku-tundra kuya emathafeni asezintabeni zaseCaucasus - indawo eningi lapho ama-blueberries ekhula khona ezimweni zemvelo.
Garden Blueberryberry: Incazelo Ejwayelekile
Izitshalo ze-blueberries, ukutshala nokunakekela izihlahla ezifinyeleleka ngisho nakubalimi abaqalayo, zizokujabulela ngokuvunwa okuhle okumnandi. Sihlakulela izinhlobo eziningi ze-American version ye-blueberries engadini, ekugcineni yahlonywa isigamu sekhulu leminyaka edlule, nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala e-United States kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Isihlahla sensimu enjalo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sihluke esitshalweni sehlathi phezulu (kufika ku-2.5m) ukukhula ngobubanzi kwesigamu nesigamu kuya kwamamitha amabili nesigamu nobukhulu obukhulu bamajikijolo. Ukuvuna, uma wazi kahle ukuthi ungakhula kanjani loluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uphinde uthole okuningi. Kuyoba ngaphezulu uma izinhlobo eziningana zitshalwe engadini ngesikhathi esifanayo - izidakamizwa zezinambuzane (izinyosi, ama-bumblebees, njll) zizokwazi ukufeza ngokugcwele imisebenzi yabo yemvelo. 
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa samajikijolojolo ancike ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, ngokujwayelekile kunqunyelwe phakathi kwehlobo nokuphela kukaSeptemba. Isici esiyinkimbinkimbi yesimiso se-bruberryberry izimpande zithinta umhlabathi wamanzi nokudla okunomsoco nge-mycorrhiza (symbiosis of fungi ngezimpande zezicubu) esikhundleni sezinwele ezivame izitshalo eziningi. I-Mycorrhiza yenza imisebenzi yayo kuphela enhlabathini nge-asidi ephakeme (kuze kube pH4.5).
Isici esivamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zaseMelika uthando lokushisa nokukhanya nokungazithandi ngezikhathi eside zesomiso nokukhuphuka komswakama. Izinhlobo ze-blueberry eziyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke ezakhiwa endaweni yethu ziyi-Bluecrop, i-Patriot, i-Blueette, i-Bluette, i-Elizabeth ne-Northblue.
Uyazi? Umholi we-blueberries okhulayo yi-US state of Maine.
Izici zokutshala i-blueberries engadini
Ukuqala ukulima kwalesi sitshalo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani i-blueberries engadini.
Ukukhethwa kokukhanyisa
Ukuze izinga le-blueberries lingadidi ludinga indawo ekhanyisiwe. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwesitshalo kanye nobukhulu bamajikijolo asekhulile kuxhomeke ekutheni amandla we-solar atholakele. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-blueberries awabekezelelani ama-drafts nemimoya eqinile, indawo enokuthula engxenyeni eseningizimu yocingo olude noma udonga kungcono kakhulu.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi
Imfuneko esemqoka yenhlabathi yilapho kukhona khona amanzi amanzi, ekuqedeni ukuqhuma kwamanzi ebusweni. Ama-blueberries anothando lwamanzi ayesabi ukondla kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba (ngisho nangama-0.5-0.7 m) kuphela, kodwa angafa kusukela emanzini amaningi.
Isimo sesibili esinikeza umswakama wenhlabathi ngendlela enhle yeblujijoloji ukungabi khona kwezihlahla zezithelo ezinkulu eduze kwalo okungabambisana nezimpande ezingajulile ezihlahleni zamaberry emanzini okudla.
Ama-blueberries akhetha inhlabathi enomsoco, uyobe ekhululekile kakhulu emhlabathini osentshonalanga noma e-peatlands egcwele uhlaka oluqinile lwe-hardwood litsheni. Kodwa akufanele neze ukulimala ubumbabhakabhisi kanye neloam.
I-Garden Blueberryberry Planting Technology
Ukutshala ama-blueberries engadini kungenzeka ekwindla nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kuqhume ukuqhuma kwejusi kanti amafulethi avuliwe. Ezimweni eziningi, amahlumela atshalwa ekwindla, esekelwe isidingo sokushintshwa kahle kwesithombo ngaphambi kokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo, ungatshala izithombo ze-blueberry ezimbizeni (amabhokisi), lapho izimpande zawo zimbozwa khona enhlabathini.
Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-blueberries, imigodi ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Baxoshwa ekujuleni kwaze kwaba yingxenye yemitha, ububanzi - kuya ku-0.8 m. Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zilandelayo:
- Ukugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlabathi, uthathwe ekutshalweni kwe-coniferous futhi uhlanganiswe nendawo yokudla yemifino yezinaliti eziwile, izingcezu zamagxolo, amagatsha aphelele futhi aphukile, ama-moss. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kufakwa nge-peat enomuncu nomhlabathi ovundile kunoma iyiphi isayithi;
- Ukufakwa emgodini we-nitrogen umquba, lapho kuhlushwa khona isikhala sulfure, ngesilinganiso sama-25-30 g ngayinye. Masinyane kufanele ucabange ukuthi ungayenza kanjani inhlabathi ye-blueberries. Ungamane uthenge izakhi ezikhethekile zenhlabathi kwisitolo se-agro. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukuthenga akutholakali, izithako zokudla ezitholakalayo zisetshenziselwa uhlobo lwetavayi etafuleni, okuyinto okwamanje echithwa (50 ml) ebhaketheni lamanzi, noma i-citric acid (5 g / ngeyili).
Kubalulekile! I-asidi yenhlabathi akufanele idlulele ku-4.5, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi ye-chlorosis izokwanda kakhulu.Amaqabunga e-Blueberry azokhombisa izinga eliphansi le-acidity yenhlabathi, eyophenduka ebomvu, ngisho noma ihlobo lingaphandle.
Incazelo yenqubo kanye nephethini lokufika
Indlela yobudala yokutshala ama-blueberries yindlela yokutshala emigqeni. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo lihluka kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo ezikhethiwe ukulima:
- kusuka emitha eyodwa kuya kweyodwa nengxenye emkhatsini wezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezide;
- kusuka ku-0.8 ukuya ku-1 m-igebe eliphakathi kwezihlahla zezinhlobo ezikhulayo.
Indlela yokunakekela ingadi ye-blueberry
Yini nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ukuze ukhule kahle futhi ukhule ngokuphumelelayo ama-blueberries engxenyeni engadini, abalimi bayothathwa imithetho emithathu eyaziwayo - ukuchelela, ukudla, ukusika izihlahla.
Ukubaluleka kokuchelela
Uma ucabanga ngalokho okuzodingeka ukondle ama-blueberries engadini entwasahlobo, ungakhohlwa ngokuchelela kwakhe okuvamile. Ama-blueberries anothando omswakama adinga ukuchelela njalo. Ukumiswa kwemvelo akwanele.
Ungakwazi ukuhlela ukuchelela okukhiphayo - uhlelo olunjalo lwe-hydraulic luqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kucatshangwa ukuthi:
- isibonakaliso sokunisela yinkomfa yomhlabathi engaphezulu kwamamitha angu-4;
- Ama-saplings kanye namahlumela amaqabunga esihlahla amaqabunga esihlahla kufanele aphuze njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4, ukufunda ukuma nokwehlisa amandla okushisa okulinganiselwe;
- Ama-acididi asetshenzisiwe noma i-vinegar etafuleni (kuze kufike ku-0.1 l ibhakede ngalinye) ayengeziwe emanzini okunisela njalo ngenyanga, uma kwaziwa ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi ayifinyeleli izinga lokulimala.
Top ukugqoka okwesibhakabhaka ezihlabayo
Ukugqoka okwesibhakabhakeni okuphezulu akuqali entwasahlobo, kodwa ekwindla, lapho bexubha inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ezitshalwe. Inqubo yokwenzela izinaliti eziwile phansi kanye / noma imifino ye-coniferous ibhekwa njengesibopho. I-mulch kuleli cala yenza umsebenzi owenziwe kabili - igcina umswakama obalulekile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlabathini futhi, kancane kancane idilika, igcina ibhalansi edingekayo emhlabathini.
Kumanyolo ophelile adingekayo ama-blueberries entwasahlobo (okokudla kokuqala kuphakathi kuka-Ephreli, okwesibili inyanga kamuva), kufanele uqaphele amaminerali amaningi we-mineralomponent Florovit and Target, anakho konke okudingayo. izihlahla, kufaka phakathi izakhi zensimbi.
Ukugqoka kwesithathu kudinga ukwenziwa ngenyanga. Uma inkinga iwukuthi, kanjani ukufaka umquba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka entwasahlobo nasezikhathini ezalandela, awuxazululwa ngamalungiselelo alungile, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngokuzimela umanyolo ongagcwalisa umhlabathi ngokuyinhloko nge-nitrogen, evelele kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ama-nitrogen umquba kufanele akhiqizwe ngaphambi kuka-Julayi ukuze amahlumela esihlahla esihluma ngokushesha angafaki ebusika.Ingxube yamaminerali kufanele ibe ne-ammonium sulfate (90 g), i-superphosphate (110 g), i-potassium sulfate (40 g). Ukuze ulinganise umthamo owenziwe enhlabathini ngaphakathi kwemingcele yombuthano ozungeza umgqomo, sebenzisa isipuni ngaphandle kwesilayidi (ubukhulu butholakala kuze kube ngu-10 g). Ukulinganisa kuncike enkathini yobuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
- Unyaka owodwa-1 isipuni;
- Iminyaka emibili - 2 izinkezo;
- Iminyaka emithathu - 3-4 izinkezo;
- Iminyaka engu-4 - 4-5 izinkezo;
- Iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu - 6-8 izinkezo.
Ukuhlunga nini futhi kanjani ukunciphisa ama-blueberry
Ngokukhipha izihlahla ze-blueberries engadini, kufana nokusebenza okufanayo emithini yezithelo, okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo "siphaphama", noma ekwindla ngasekupheleni, lapho amaqabunga ehlaselwa ngokwemvelo. Ngenhloso ehlosiwe, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokusika izihlahla, futhi zisekelwe endleleni yokunakekela ama-blueberries engadini.
| Uhlobo lwe-trim | Ithemu | Injongo | Izenzo |
| Ukufometha | 3-4 unyaka | Ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha omzimba kanye nomqhele okhululekile wefomu elifanele | Ukususwa kwamahlumela aphansi, abuthakathaka futhi aqinile |
| Ukulawula * | Ngonyaka emva kokuhleleka | Ukusatshalaliswa okungafani nokuphumelelayo kwama-inflorescences nezithelo zezithelo | Susa amahlumela aphansi, abuthakathaka futhi aqinile. Ukususwa ngaphandle kokuhlala kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu ezineminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala. Ukususa izikhwebu ezikhulayo zamahlumela amancane emaphethelweni amahlumela |
| Ukuvuselela * | Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-8-10 | Ukusatshalaliswa okungafani nokuphumelelayo kwama-inflorescences nezithelo zezithelo. Ukunikeza isihlahla amandla okuphila okusha | Susa amahlumela aphansi, abuthakathaka futhi aqinile. Ukususwa ngaphandle kokuhlala kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu ezineminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala. Ukususa izikhwebu ezikhulayo zamahlumela amancane emaphethelweni amahlumela |
Izici ukunakekelwa nge-blueberries engadini ebusika
Ibhilikrikhi engadini iqala ukupholisa ngempela lapho izinga lokushisa elise-subzero liwela emazingeni angu-23-25. Kodwa i-shrub efriziwe iyakwazi ukubuyisela ngokugcwele ukubuyisela kwayo ngokushisa. Isitshalo esihle sengozi asikafanele.
Ngakho-ke I-conifer mulching kufanele isetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa okubizwa ngokuthi ukunisela ukutshala umswakama (kuze kufinyelele ku-6 amabhakede amanzi ehlathini ngalinye, okuye kakade kusetshenziswe izihlahla ezifake ukukhiqiza), okusho ukuthi ubilise phansi ukugoqa ungqimba ophezulu womhlaba kuze kube yi-0.4 m ewa ekwindla. Amagatshabhisibhisi agxila emhlabathini ngesitshalo esikhulu, ngoba isihlahla ngokwayo senze indawo yokuhlala yamagatsha ase-spruce noma okunye okunye okukuyo.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuvikelwa kwama-blueberries phakathi nesikhathi sokusabalalisa kwentwasahlobo - kulwa ngisho nama-frosts angu-7.
Incazelo yezifo eziyinhloko nezilokazane ezihlahleni
Esikhathini esicacisiwe kakade sokubomvu kwamahlamvu emaqabunga ama-blueberries kufanele ahlanganiswe futhi isifo esibi kakhulu semifino - senza umdlavuza. Kulesi simo, inqubo iqala ngokubonakala kwamabala obomvu kumaqabunga, isakazeka ngesikhatsi futhi sibe mnyama, futhi iphela ngokufa kwehlumela lonke.
Cishe akukho ukwelashwa, ngakho-ke wonke ithemba lokuvimbela. Iqukethe entwasahlobo yasemuva (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze) futhi ekwindla (lapho bewa) ukuphalaza amahlumela nge-Bordeaux liquid (3%), kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa okuphindwe kabili kwe-berry ne-Fundazol (0.2%): izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto ngalinye ngaphambi kokusila Ukuhluma okwezinye ezintathu emva kokuvuna konke okuvuthiwe.
Esinye isifo esibucayi esisongela i-blueberry engadini (futhi ekhonjiswe ezindaweni ezibomvu emaqabunga) fomopsis. I-agent ye-causative iyi-fungus ekhethekile, kanti lesi sifo siholela ekomeni nasekufeni kwamagatsha amancane. Amahlumela afile awagcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ashiswa ukuze avimbele ukwanda kobubanzi bokusabalalisa kwengxabano. Uhlelo lokupompela ukuzivikela nge "Fundazole" kufana nalomdlavuza we-stem.
Izifo ze-Blueberry ezifana Ukumiswa kwamabhanki, isikhunta esiyimpunga kanye ne-anthracnoseokuthinta kakhulu amajikijolo, kodwa futhi kuthinta izinkuni. Ukuvimbela kubalulekile ukulwa nabo.
Uma ukhuluma ngezinambuzane, udinga ukuqala ngezinyoni, othanda ukudla ngama-blueberries. Ukuvikela izinyoni kusetshenziswa igridi yokumboza neseli elincane. Ama-maybugs awaziwa kakhulu yizinambuzane, okusahlobo entwasahlobo edla amaqabunga futhi angayigcini okuqukethwe kwezimbali, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise amathuba okuvuna esizayo. Emhlabathini izimpungushe zalezi zinambuzane nazo ziqoqa izihlahla ezincane.
Ukulwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-beetle kwatholakala ama-chemical and biological agents. Kodwa ungakwazi ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwamadoda, ukuqoqa ama-Maybugs ngokuqondile ngqo ezihlahleni (udinga amagilavu ezinzima kanye nejubesi elingenaliti), noma ukuwaxosha, kuqala ubeke ifilimu yepulasitiki, noma ukhethe izibungu ezimhlophe ngesikhathi sokulungiselela umhlabathi. Izimpungushe zihanjiswa ngamanzi abilayo futhi zilahlwa.
Ungakhohlwa ngezitha zemvelo zeBetle Beetle. Lezi yi-moles, kanye ne-starlings, engadonselwa ngokubeka indlu yezinyoni eduze.
Ukuze ulwe nezimpungushe, ungaphinda ulawule inhlabathi ngekhambi le-anyanisi (1/3 yebhakede le-onion ikhasi eligcwele ngamanzi futhi lifakwe isonto).
Insimu yaseBlueberry: ukuvuna
Amajikijolo ahlanzekile engadini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asheshe aphume. Bangakwazi ukubambelela emagatsheni kuze kube yilapho bekhona. Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, ama-blueberries asuswe ngaphandle kokuphuthuma, athatha ukuphumula masonto onke phakathi kwezinqubo zokuvuna. Amajikijolo amakhulu athambileyo anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayabuthana, kanti izithelo ezinomsoco zisala emagatsheni ukuze zithole okuqukethwe okushukela ngaphambi kwesigaba esilandelayo. Amajikijolo akhuthazelela ngokugcwele ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, inyanga yokugcina esiqandisini kanye nesonto endaweni ejwayelekile yokuhlala ekhaya. Isivuno sokuqala sama-blueberries asetshalwe kulindeleke ngonyaka wesithathu. 
Uyazi? Abashayeli bezindiza baseBrithani abalwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili badla i-jamelberry jam ukuze bathuthukise umbono webusuku.
Ukukhula kwama-blueberries ezweni noma kwenye indawo kuyathembisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yobuningi bamavithamini, ama-acids, ushukela, amaminerali kanye nama-tannin akhona kuwo, ingadibribri engadini, eye yanikezwa isikhathi esifanele sokukhula, izosiza ekubhekaneni, isibonelo, nge-angina, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isisu, isifo sesisu, i-rheumatism, i-enterocolitis ngisho i-scurvy. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-blueberries kusiza ukuvuselela umzimba, nokugcina umsebenzi wayo wobuchopho esimweni esisebenzayo. Ngamafuphi, ama-blueberries engadini kufanele akhuliswe yibo abafuna ukuphila isikhathi eside, ngenkathi behlala bephilile.
