ICalathea yinto ehlala njalo evela emndenini wakwaMarantov. Ezasekhaya - America. Igama lalesi sitshalo livela kwelesiGreki elithi "kalatos", elisho "ibhasikidi", ngoba izakhamizi zisusa iqoma kusuka emacembe awo.
Incazelo
Lesi sitshalo simelela amaqabunga awo amakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene, amandla akhethekile okuthi akhanyiselwe ekukhanyiseni, ngakho-ke ekuseni ukuhleleka kwamaqabunga kuvundile, futhi kusihlwa kuphakanyiswa futhi kusongelwe. Ngakho-ke, le mbali ibizwa nangokuthi umkhuleko. I-Rhizome yesitshalo ingukuhlinzekela umswakama kanye nezakhamzimba.
UMnu Dachnik utusa incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo ezisetafuleni kanye negalari yezithombe
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120 zalesi simila. Ukuphakama kwabo ezimeni zemvelo kungafinyelela cm 70-80. Izindlu ziqukethe ezinye zazo kuphela:
| Okuhlukahlukene | Incazelo | Kushiya | Izimbali |
| I-Rufibarba (ebomvu-intshebe - kumahlumela, amaqabunga kukhona i-fluff). | Okufushane, okunesihlahla, okuhlwanyelwe. | I-Satin, emincane, i-wavy, i-emerald eluhlaza, ngemuva kweqabunga kanye namahlumela kukhona i-maroon. | I-white inflorescence emincane engafani namhlophe-ophuzi - |
| Dotty | Iziqu eziphansi, amaqabunga amakhulu. | U-Bordeaux-brown oluhlaza okotshani, umthambo opinki, ofana neqabunga. | I-Peduncle - iluhlaza okhanyayo, izimbali - luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, buthakathaka. |
| I-Croata (Tasmania, Saffron) | Okuhle, kuqhakaza ezimweni zekamelo. | Oval eluhlaza omnyama, ofana neM malachite, uhlangothi lwangemuva yi-burgundy-coffee, wavy ngasemaphethelweni. izindebe zinsomi. | Umbala we-orange ogqamile. |
| UZebrina (onemigqa) | Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-80 cm. | I-velvet izungezwe ngesimo, ifana neqanda. Ngasohlangothini oluhlaza lwangaphambili olukhanyayo oluhlaza olulinganayo, umthambo we-zebra-like, ngaphansi onsomi. | Ama-inflorescence angama-lilac noma amhlophe. Izindlu zivame ukuqhakaza. |
| Ovutha amalangabi | Amacembe amakhulu. | Kutholakala iphethini efana nezilimi zomlilo. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| I-Majestic White Star (Kakhulu) | Encane, isikhumbuza inkanyezi. | Imhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama yomnqumo ihlukana phakathi. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| I-Trio Star (Stromancer) | Kubukeka njengenkanyezi ekhazimulayo. | Izindawo ezibukhali, ezimfishane, ezimhlophe zihlakazeka ngemuva kwesizinda esimnyama esimnyama, uhlangothi oluhlanekezayo lubomvu. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| Louise | Akumele. | Imivimbo eluhlaza kanye emnyama eluhlaza. ingxenye engezansi iyi-lilac. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| Bohem | Kuyakhanga | Imide, ibukhali, igcwele, i-lanceolate, ingafinyelela ku-50 cm. | I-inflorescences ngesimo sendlebe ophuzi. |
| I-Lansifolia (emangalisayo, i-lanceolate) | Ifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu (80 cm.) | Ama-Oblong, amancanyana, onqenqemeni lwe-wavy, anemibala efana ne-malachite, amabala amnyama atholakala eceleni kwethango eliphakathi nendawo. | Ipinki noma imhlophe qhwa. |
| INdlovukazi yama-maui | Icwebile. | Hudula, maphakathi nesidenge esiluhlaza esikhanyayo | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| I-Roseopikta (ilokhi) | Incane kuze kufike ku-40 cm. | Kukalwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kufana ne-malachite medallion, kuqoshwe isithombe seqabunga emathinini esiliva-apinki. Ohlangothini lwe-Flip umbala wama-blueberries. | Izimbali azivamile. |
| Makoya | Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile. Azikho ngaphezu kwama-50 cm. | I-oval eluhlaza elula, efakwe umugqa omnyama, iphethini yangaphakathi, efana nekhophi lekhabhoni kusuka emacembe omlotha wentaba. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| Hlanganisa | Phezulu. | Kubukeka njenge-zebrin, umehluko kulesibalo ukushintshwa kwemivimbo ebunjiwe futhi eluhlaza kancane. | Akuqhakali endlini. |
| IVarshevich | Okuhle kakhulu, kufinyelela ku-120 cm. | Kubukeka njenge-velvet, umfudlana okhanyayo maphakathi nendawo, i-wavy encane, emuva kuyinto nsomi. | Isikhohlela sekhilimu. |
| USandariana (uhlotshisiwe) | Kancane, kusuka eColombia. | Kukalwe, cishe cm angama-20. Luhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo epinki echezuka ukusuka phakathi. | Indlebe enama-inflorescence amhlophe kanye ne-lilac aze afike ku-8 cm. |
| I-Orbifolia | Encane. | Ibunjiwe njengobubanzi bokubopha, ngemivimbo eluhlaza nobumnyama obumnyama. | Izimbali azibalulekile. |
| Abaqwayizi | Phezulu. | Finyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. I-oval engamnyama eluhlaza emnyama enamachaphaza kalamula aphuzi asakazeke ngokungcolile. | Izimbali azibalulekile. |
| Inethiwekhi (i-mosaic) | Phansi | Okwenziwe okomelele, kukhulu, kufana nephethini elinezinxantathu zokukhanya okuncane okufana ne-mosaic. | Izimbali azibalulekile |
| Litz | Amaqabunga amahle | Amawashi, hhayi amakhulu. Uhlangothi lwangaphambili luhlaza okotshani wesiliva, ngemithende yombala omnqumo omnyama, ingemuva yi-burgundy-violet. | I-inflorescence emhlophe qhwa iqhwa. |
| I-Pikturata (enemibala) | Amaqabunga amahle | I-Oblong, egqamile - umthambo ophakathi nendawo. Umaphakathi umnyama mnyama ngemivimbo. | Izimbali azibalulekile. |
| Ingwe | Amaqabunga amahle | I-Lanceolate - ubude buyi-15 cm, ububanzi - 5 cm. Luhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo emnyama. | I-Spike inflorescence ngezimbali eziphuzi. |
| UVeicha | Ukuphakama kufinyelela cm 90. Kusuka ePeru. | Imicu eqinile, ecwebezelayo, enkulu - cishe amasentimitha angama-30. Imigqa eluhlaza emnyama futhi ekhanyayo ihluka phakathi nendawo. | I-inflorescence spike - izimbali ezimhlophe. |
| Isiliva | Icwebile | Ipendiwe ngombala wesiliva. | Izimbali azibalulekile. |
| I-Crotalifera | Iqhakaza ezimweni zasekamelweni. | Oblong luhlaza omnyama. | Indlebe ophuzi noma obomvu. |
| I-Burle Marx (iqhwa eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) | Owesifazane waseBrazil onobuhle uqanjwe ngomakhi wezakhiwo zomhlaba. | Kukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Mhlophe qhwa. |
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-calathea zivezwa esithombeni:
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya ngohlobo
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-calathea, ukunakekelwa kwegumbi akuhlukile. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezifuna ngokwengeziwe.
| Okuhlukahlukene | Izici Zokunakekela |
| I-Rufibarba | Ungafafazi. |
| Isikebhe (isafroni) | Ifunwa kakhulu: - ayithandi ukukhanya nesithunzi esiqondile; - umswakama ongama-90% uyadingeka - kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lapho kufafazwa, umswakama akufanele awele emacembe; - umehluko ngokushisa kanye nezinhlaka okungekho emthethweni akuvumelekile. |
| Zebrina | Kudingeka umswakama ophezulu (90%), ukufafaza ngokucophelela ngamanzi angcolile kuphela. |
| Isoka | Ithanda umthunzi, umswakama 90%. |
| IVarshevich | Ufuna kakhulu, sishaye ngokucophelela. |
| Bohem, Lansifolia, Makoya, Inethiwekhi | Ozithobayo. |
Izinhlobo eziqhakaza njenge-saffron calathea zifuna kakhulu ukunakekelwa, kanti ezingazithobi kunazo zonke - makoya calathea.
Imbiza
Amandla adingekayo aphansi, kepha abanzi. Imbali ayikuthandi ukugeleza kwamanzi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza zezimbali zobumba ezingadalwanga, nakho okungeke kuphazamise ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni.
Inhlabathi
Inhlabathi isetshenziselwa ukukhula i-arrowroot noma i-azaleas nama-rhododendrons.
Ungazipheka:
- umhlaba, humus, peat, river sand izingcezu ezinkulu (2: 1: 1: 1);
- umhlaba, humus, Peat (1: 1: 1).
Into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi kumele ibe ne-acidic encane, ibe nenkomba engathathi hlangothi yokulingana kwe-acid-base. Ingasuswa ngokusebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ingxube yenhlabathi kumele ihlanzwe (ibunjiwe kuhhavini, ichitheke ngamanzi abilayo noma iboshwe esitsheni esinezimbobo ngaphezulu kokugeza okushisayo okwemizuzu engu-15).
Ukufakelwa
Lezi zinqubo ngeke zidale ubunzima uma unaka izincomo:
- Chitha isitshalo esithengiwe kahle.
- Gcwalisa imbiza entsha ephekiwe, cishe ikota, nge-drainage (ubumba oluncane, udaka olwandisiwe, amatshe omfula nokunye okunjalo). Fafaza ngamalahle ocushiwe ukuvikela ukubola kwezimpande.
- Thela inhlabathi ebhodweni ukuphakama okungadluli kuka-3 cm.
- Susa ngokucophelela imbali esitsheni esidala ngenhlama yomhlaba.
- Letha ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo, ugeze. Uma kukhona ukubola kwezimpande, isikhunta kanye nokunye ukulimala ezimpandeni, kuzisuse ngokuqeda isiza esisikiwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate bese usigcwalisa ngomlotha. Hlanza lesi sitshalo emaqabunga omisiwe.
- Beka isitshalo emhlabathini, usakaza izimpande. Indawo yokukhula kwe-calathea kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi yomhlaba maphakathi nethangi.
- Ngokucophelela, ezingxenyeni, galela inhlabathi esele ebhodweni, ushiye cishe u-2 cm onqenqemeni. Ungagxilizi kakhulu.
- Amanzi kahle, ahlanze endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku ezintathu.
- Nisela isitshalo ngokuzayo kungaphelanga izinsuku eziyi-10.
Indawo, izibani
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-calathe zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga, kodwa hhayi ukukhanya okuvuthayo. Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zingama-windows asempumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga kanye nasentshonalanga.
Ziphinde zikhule kahle ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okwenziwe nge-fluorescent, uma ukukhanya kunehlela okungenani amahora angama-18 ngosuku. Ebusika, izibani ezinjengalezi zinganweba amahora okukhanya kwelanga imbali.
Ukushisa
Umehluko wokushisa, okusalungiswa akufakiwe. Izimo ezithandekayo zama-kilojoule: + 20-25 degrees.
Umswakama
Zonke izinhlobo zidinga umswakama ophezulu (cishe 90%).
Noma ngabe isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, udinga ukufafaza imbali nsuku zonke, ukusula amaqabunga ngendwangu emanzi, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamanzi angcolile. Inqubo kumele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze amanzi amancane ngangokunokwenzeka awele emacembe.
Kwezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ama-velvety - khipha ukufafaza. Ezinye izindlela zisetshenziselwa ukuziswilisa. Kuhle ukubeka i-aquarium, i-terrarium yengilazi, umswakama womoya eduze nembali. Ungabeka isitsha ngesitshalo ku-tray ngamatshe noma nge-moss.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngamanzi ahlala athambile (cishe ama- +25 degrees), ukuvikela ukuzuma kwawo. Ukuthambisa - gxobhoza isikhwama se-canvas esingenacala emgqonyeni wamanzi.
- Ihlobo - zonke ezinye izinsuku;
- Ubusika - kanye ngesonto.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi - cishe isigamu selitha ngesihlahla ngasinye sesitshalo esidala.
Izinhlobo zeVelvety ziniselwa ngokucophelela emaphethelweni ezimbiza.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Chitha isitshalo imizuzu engu-10-15 ngaphambi. Ngokugqoka, ungathatha: umanyolo wezitshalo ze-arrowroot noma zezitshalo zokuhlobisa.
- Intwasahlobo / ihlobo: isitshalo siyakhula, ngakho-ke kudingeka sondle njalo - kanye njalo emavikini amabili;
- Ubusika / ukuwa: isikhathi sokuphumula - kanye emva kwezinyanga ezimbili sekwanele noma ukungavundisi nhlobo.
Ukuqapha nge-nitrogen ne-calcium, ukuqina kwabo ngokweqile kuthinta imbali.
Ukuzala
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuzalela amakhalori:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande;
- ukusika;
- imbewu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi
Elula kulezi ezintathu ongakhetha kuzo. Kulokhu, iminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala kufanelekile. Kuyadingeka:
- Fafaza inhlabathi ebhodweni ubusuku ukuze uyithambise.
- Khipha isitshalo, ukhulule ngokucophelela izimpande emhlabathini.
- Hlukanisa isihlahla, engxenyeni ngayinye kufanele kube okungenani amahlumela amathathu.
- Bese ufeza ukufika (bheka ngenhla).
Izimbumbulu
Ama-cutter atholakala ezimbalini zomuntu omdala onempilo ngokuwasika ngokucophelela empandeni. Beka lo msebenzi wokusebenzela ebhodweni ngomhlabathi okhethekile wokuqala. Bayifaka esitsheni esine-drainage emanzi, benza i-mini-greenhouse ngaphezulu (kusuka esikhwameni, ebhodleleni lepulasitiki, njll.). Ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zivele kuma-cuttings (amasonto angama-2-3), lapho isitshalo esisha siqala ukukhula, sikhishwa endaweni yokukhosela.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Le yinqubo enzima kakhulu:
- Ithangi ligcwele ingxube yezingxenye ezimbili ze-humus nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi.
- Imbewu isatshalaliswa phezu kwembiza ngokukhuphuka kuka-2-3 cm, ibasunduzela emhlabathini.
- Mboza ngengilazi.
- Babekwe egumbini elinamazinga okushisa aphezulu afinyelela kuma-+30 degrees.
- Ngemuva kwengxenye noma inyanga yonke, amahlumela kufanele avele.
- Imibungu emnene ifafazwe ngokucophelela ngenhlabathi isenti elilodwa.
- Kancane kancane ubasuse, basuse ingilazi, okokuqala ihora, bese kuba yinde.
- Lapho ufinyelela kubo, cishe amasentimitha amane afakwa ezitsheni ezihlukile.
Izimbali
Izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-calathea ziyavela ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Okuhle kakhulu kunesimo sekhwele.
Ubunzima obukhulayo
Akulula ukukhulisa ikhalthi ekhaya, amaphutha avela kaningi, kepha angabhekwana nawo:
| Inkinga | Isizathu | Ukulungiswa |
| Amathiphu owomile, abunile emacembe. | Awukho umswakama owanele | Fafaza isitshalo nsuku zonke. Faka imbiza esitsheni esine-filler emanzi. Beka umswakama noma i-aquarium eduzane. |
| Kushiya onsundu emaphethelweni. | - Ukunqoba isitshalo. - Okusalungiswa. | - Yehlisa ukuhamba komanyolo, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen. - Hambisa isitshalo endaweni lapho kungekho okubhaliwe. |
| I-Curl yamaqabunga, ukubonakala kwamabala akhanyayo. | Ukuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini. | Khulisa ukuthambisa. |
| Igoqa i-petioles nezisekelo zamaqabunga. | Ukushisa okuphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. | Shintsha imibandela yokuboshwa. |
| Ukukhishwa okudumazayo. | - Ukuntuleka komswakama. - Ukubekwa phansi kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. - Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu. | - Hambisa umoya eduze nembali. - Shintsha umugqa ongaphansi. |
| Amacembe omayo. | - Mhlawumbe umjikelezo waminyaka yonke wokufakwa kwamaqabunga. - Lapho ukukhula kuncishiswa - awukho umanyolo owanele, okunisela. | - Landela isitshalo, usondle uma kunesidingo. - Bheka umbuso wokunisela. |
| Ukuvela kwamabala akhanyayo. | Burns kusuka elangeni noma ngemuva kwamaconsi asebenza njengamalensi. | Faka imbali endaweni enomthunzi. Qikelela lapho ufafaza, kungcono ukufeza inqubo ekuseni noma kusihlwa. |
| Kunwebeka amaqabunga. | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Khanyisa imbali ngesibani se-fluorescent. |
| Emuva kunokwanda okuncane. | Ispider izimbu noma ijusi leselidi elibandayo nje. | Hlola isitshalo. Uma kungekho iwebhu, akufanele ukhathazeke. |
Izifo, izilokazane
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta zithinta i-calathea. Kepha ungalwa nabo.
| Inkinga | Ukubonakaliswa | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Ukuvela kohlaka olumhlophe, amakhandlela. Kuphuzi, amacembe awayo. | Khulisa umswakama. Ukucubungula i-Inta-Vir, iKarbofos. |
| Isihlangu | Ishidi limbozwe izindawo ezinamathelayo ansundu. | Hlela iseshini - +45 degrees, wesula ngotshwala obunamaphesenti angama-70. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, phatha ngamanzi anensipho futhi usebenzise insipho yokuwasha kuphela. Ngemuva kosuku, phinda inqubo, bese uphinde emva kwezinsuku ezi-4 (okungenani amahlandla ama-7). Esikhundleni se-foam, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa kusuka kwizinambuzane (i-Actara, i-Bazudin, nokunye). |
| I-Whitefly | Izinambuzane ezincane zivela ngemuva kwamaqabunga. | Futha isitshalo ngeFufanon, iMospilan noma ne-Confidor. |
| Ama-Thrips | Amachashazi angenamibala akhula abe izindawo ezinkulu. Izinambuzane ezinukayo ziyabonakala emhlabathini. | Hlela ukugeza. Futha i-Inta-Vir kabili (isigamu sethebhulethi ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi). Thela amanzi afanayo. |
| Mnyama | Ifinyelela ukubukeka kwezinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo kubukeka sengathi kulandela umlilo (embozwe insipho). | Isixazululo sensipho sizosiza. |
| I-Fusarium | Ukwenza mnyama, ukusonteka, ukusakaza ukubola. Isitshalo siyafa. | Isitshalo kumele sibhujiswe. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: ICalathea - imbali yenjabulo
Ososayensi baseChinese bathi i-kalatea inamandla ashisayo omlingo, ngenxa yokuthi ingafudumeza umuntu, ivikele emakhazeni, iphazamise ukubonakala kweziqeshana zegazi futhi ziqede.
Lesi sitshalo sihlanza umoya oseduze wokungcola okulimazayo. Kunconywa ukutshala lembali kubantu abahlushwa ukuqwasha, inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kuletha ukuthula endlini, kusiza ukuthola okuthile komphefumlo.
Ngokwezimfundiso zikaFeng Shui - kalatea kumele akhiwe eningizimu-mpumalanga noma empumalanga. Kulokhu, uzoqapha impilo nenhlalakahle yomndeni.
