Umgomo wabo bonke abalimi kuyisivuno esihle sezithelo. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ukhule kudingeka udinga njalo izihlahla zezithelo, ukubandakanyeka ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapha izifo. Futhi izingozi ezilindele izihlahla ziningi. Ipeyari ingathatha izifo eziningana. Ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda ngezifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke ze-pear, ngezindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwazo.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya
Wake waqaphela izilonda ezimnyama noma ezimnyama emagatsheni, amagatsha kanye namagquma emithi yakho? Lezi zibonakaliso zesifo esithathelwanayo esibizwa ngokuthi ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izitshalo zezithelo. I-bacteria i-Erwinia amylovora iyasusa lesi sifo, isakazwa yizinambuzane, umoya, imvula.
Uyazi? Amacala okushisa amabhaktheriya aye alotshwe ngekhulu le-18. Futhi manje, iminyaka engamakhulu amabili nesigamu, lesi sifo siye sabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwabalimi emhlabeni jikelele.I-pear bacterial burn is yingozi kakhulu. Ingasakazeka emithini enempilo ngesivinini somlilo futhi ifinyelele emiphumeleni ebuhlungu kakhulu - ukubhujiswa kokugcina kwensimu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqala ukulwa nokushisa kakade esigabeni sokuqala.
Ukwelapha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakalayo esigabeni sokuqala, amagatsha afintekile kufanele asuswe, futhi ukusika kumele kusetshenziswe ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulphate (100 g ngalinye ngo-10 l wamanzi) noma i-0.7% yensimbi yensimbi (70 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayishumi). Ukuphumelela futhi ukwelashwa kwesisombululo se-5% se "Azofos", ama-antibiotics: i-chloramphenicol, i-rifampicin, i-streptomycin, i-gentamicin, i-nalidixic acid ne-kanamycin emthamo we-tablet amabili / ama-ampoules ngamalitha angu-5 wamanzi (okwanele izihlahla ezingu-8-10). Imithi ihlelwa kahle ngoMeyi noJuni. Ngokubukeka kwe-inflorescences futhi ngesikhathi sezimbali, ukwelashwa nge-1% ye-Bordeaux liquid kungasebenza futhi. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, amapheya kanye nezihlahla ezigulayo ekude kwamamitha ama-5 kunconywa ukuba zihlutshwe futhi zishiswe.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ezinjalo zamapheya njengeLykashovka, iNkomfa, Izintandokazi, i-Bere Gardi ngokuvamile zigula ngenxa yokushisa amabhaktheriya. Amapheya aseMoscow, kaJanuwari naseMuratov abonise ukuthi ayaphikelela kakhulu.
Indawo emnyama
Izimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo emithini yakho enebala elimnyama zingabonwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama. Inombolo yabo iyanda njalo nsuku zonke, futhi maduzane lonke iqabunga liphenduka luhlaza futhi liwa. Amapheya amancane athelelekile ngoJulayi no-Agasti. Ukwelapha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ezihlahleni, amahlamvu awile kufanele asuswe ngokucophelela. Njengoba lokhu kuyisifo se-fungal, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngamagciwane antifungal - ama-fungicides ethusi ekubunjweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phawula ukuthi ukupunika kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha emva kokuqala kokukhula kwesithelo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze unqobe ama-brown spot resistant Bere, Kure, Ardanion, Clapp.
Scab
Ngokuvamile amapheya anesifo esibizwa ngokuthi isikhumba. I-scab pathogen, i-Fusicladium pirinum, ifaka izithelo, amaqabunga, namahlumela. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zalesi sifo: Amabala ombala omnqumo anezingubo ezivuthiwe engaphansi kweqabunga, amaqabunga awela, izithelo zokuqhaqhazela nokuqina kogqabha. Ngezithelo, izilonda ezimnyama ezine-rim ebomvu ne-patina emnyama zibonakala. I-pear ihlanganiswe ukuphahlazeka, izithelo zikhubazekile, zithola isimo esingavamile, nesimo esingenasimiso. 
Ukwelapha. Uma isikhumba siphelela amahlumela amancane, indlela kuphela yokulwa nesifo sokususa isisusa. Kunconywa ukuphatha nge-1% i-Bordeaux ingxube, i-oxide yethusi ngezigaba ezintathu: owokuqala - ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwefihlekile; owesibili - ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza; lesithathu yizinsuku ezingu-15 emva kwesibili.
Kubalulekile! Ukumelene isikhumba Muratovskaya, Rusanovskaya, Yanvarskaya eliphakathi kwe.
I-Fruit Rot (i-Moniliasis)
Uma ukunakekelwa kwakho kudonselwa amabala aluhlaza ezintweni eziphakathi kwezithelo, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi, uMonilia fructigena mushroom ungene esivandeni sakho, okwenza ukuthi izithelo zibole noma zithande i-moniliosis. Lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha - ngesonto isisu singasundu kakhulu. Kamuva izithelo zingabonwa ukukhula okumhlophe. Inyama iyabala futhi ingabi nhlobo. Amapheya ahlaselwayo, amanye angagoma futhi ahlale emagatsheni kuze kube seminyaka emibili. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke sizovusa ukukhula kwamagatsha aso. Ukusakazeka kokubola kwenzeka kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esifudumele neshisayo. 
Ukwelapha. Izithelo ezigulayo namagatsha kumele kubhujiswe. Ukusika amagatsha kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukutshala okuphakanyisiwe kwamapheya ngamafungicides nokuqinisa imishanguzo yabo ngosizo lwe-basal dressing kusuka ku-bioktayl ("Actofit", "Ecoberin", "Healthy Garden", "Baikal").
Kubalulekile! Isivikelo esiphezulu se-moniliosis kumapheya weCheremshin, i-Autumn dream, Honey. Ukuphikisa ngokuphelele izithelo zokubola akukabikwa.
Isifo soMose
Isifo soMose siyingozi kakhulu kumapheya. Izibonakaliso zezici zindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumaqabunga amancane. Kungenzeka ukuthelela isihlahla ngegciwane ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa.
Ukwelapha. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo asiphilwanga. Izitshalo nezihlahla ngeke zisasetshenziswa. Kudingeka bashiswe ukuze igciwane lingadluli emithini ekhula eduze.
Isifungumnyama esimnyama
Ubufayibungu obumnyama luhlobo lwesifo samagqabi namahlumela wepeyari, lapho amahlamvu ehlanganiswa khona nge-black, i-soque-like plaque. 
Ukwelapha. Ukufafaza izihlahla ngesisombululo sesethusi (5 g we-sulphate yethusi kanye no-150 g wesepha ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi), ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-oxychloride yethusi. Ukuvikelwa ngokugcwele kusuka ku-fungus omnyama, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwepeyari - i-Cathedral.
Idonsa likaMealy
Isibonakaliso sokuthi ukunqotshwa kwepeyari ne-powdery isikhutha kuyigugu elimhlophe elibomvu emaqabunga namafihlethi, okuba kancane ngokubomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga afakwa emkhunjini. Umkhuhlane we-powdery uhlasele izitshalo ezincane kuphela, ngakho-ke ukuqala kwesifo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala ukuphuma kuya ekubukeni kwamapheshana okuqala. Lesi sifo sisakazwa yi-fungus ye-parasitic Erysiphales. 
Ukwelapha. Ukuze uthole uketshezi lwe-powdery, ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kuphumelela: i-terramycin, i-penicillin ne-streptomycin ku-1: 1 isilinganiso. Futhi abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukucubungula ingxube ye-soda ash (50 g) ne-soap eyetshezi (10 g) ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi noma ukupuniza nge-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Kubalulekile! I-Muscovite, i-Duhmyanaya neJanuwari ngamapheya adumile ngenxa ye-powdery isikhunta esingafuni ukuzivikela.
Ukugqwala
Kakade kusukela egameni lelesi sifo, kungaqondakala ukuthi izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ama-orange orange (rusty) amabala emaqabeni nasezithelo ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kamuva, ngo-Agasti, kungenzeka ukugcina ama-conical (njengama-papillae) ekukhuleni emaqabunga epeyari, eshaya phansi. I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-parasite ye-fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile ngogesi, kokubili amaqabunga nezithelo kuhlanganiswa, futhi kuhluma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuzivikela kwamapayipi kunciphisa futhi isimo esiphezulu siyaqhubeka. Ngezinye izikhathi umuthi oye wahlushwa isifo uyeke ukuthela izithelo ngokuphelele. 
Ukwelapha. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwegqwala nge-pear kanye ne-apula kudingeka ulahle amaqabunga nezifo. Abalimi bezitshalo bathi ukuvimbela ukungena kwalesi sifo engadini, ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-urea, i-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-infusions yamadota, i-marigolds kanye ne-horsetail zizibonakalise kahle. Ukuphatha izihlahla kufanele kunconywe kumakhelwane bakho. Uma lesi sifo sithinte kakade izitshalo zakho, khona-ke ayikho indlela engcono kakhulu yokucubungula amapheya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube, cha.
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zingaba yimfucumfucu.
Umdlavuza womsuka
Umdlavuza womsuka utholakala ezitshalweni ezincane. Kubangelwa yi-bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Ukukhula okunamandla kwamasayizi ahlukene kuvela ezimpandeni nasezintweni zezintambo zezithombo. Uma kwenzeka ukwehla izithombo ezigulayo, amabhaktheriya abangela umdlavuza wezimpande angaphila enhlabathini iminyaka eminingana. 
Ukwelapha. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukutholakala ngokucophelela futhi zisuswe igciwane lesifo somdlavuza. Ukukhula okuncane ezimpandeni ze-lateral kufanele kunqunywe, izimpande zihlanjululwe imizuzu emihlanu kwisisombululo se-1% se-sulphate yethusi.
Kubalulekile! Iningi elizinzile ukuxosha umdlavuza ibanga - i-lemon.
I-crab ebomvu eliphakathi
Umdlavuza omnyama uthinta amagxolo esiqu, amagatsha emasipha nezithelo. Okokuqala, ukuphahlazeka noma amanxeba amancane kufakwe kwi-cortex, okuqhubekayo kwanda, okuvusa ama-cortex. Amachashaza ombala obomvu obonakalayo avela ezungeze amanxeba.
Ukwelapha. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubonakala komdlavuza wepheya, amaqabunga awile asuswa ngokucophelela futhi ashiswa. Izithelo nezimpungushe ezikhungathekile zisuswe, amanxeba amasha ahlanganiswe ne-sulphate yethusi, ubumba ne-mullein noma amakhekhe akhethekile. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza omnyama kanye namafungicides.
Kubalulekile! Isivikelo esiphezulu se-Antonov umlilo sibonakala ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni Avgustovskaya dew neSamariya.
I-Cytosporosis
Isibangela samapheya we-cytosporosis singabanda futhi sishiswe ilanga. E-cytosporosis, amagxolo wepeyari aphenduka obomvu obomvu bese emile. Ezindaweni ezigulayo, kwakhiwa ama-tubercles - ukuqoqwa kwe-agent causative yesifo: i-fungus Cytospora leucostoma. 
Ukwelapha. I-recipe yokwelapha i-cytosporosis ye-pear ifana nezindlela zokwelashwa zomdlavuza omnyama. Lesi sifo akufanele sisabe abanikazi bamaMuscovites noJanuwari Pear.
Ukuqubuka emagqabeni
Ingabe kukhona ukuphahlaka emagqabeni ephakathi kwakho? Izizathu zalokhu zingaba ziningi - lawa angamahlumela okushisa okungazelelwe (amahhalafri, ama-sunburns), ukutshala izihlahla kakhulu emhlabathini, nokusika izihlahla, nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer.
Imiphumela yezihlahla zokuqhakazila ukukhula kancane, ukuncipha nokuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezithelo namaqabunga. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhekeka ngokwabo emagqabeni amapheya akuyingozi njengento ehlukumezekayo engokwemvelo: ukutheleleka kwamanxeba anamagciwane, amabhaktheriya, izinhlamvu zefungi, ukubonakala kokubola.
Ukwelapha. Imifantu ayikwazi ukunakwa, kumele iphathwe. Ukuze uqale, uhlanza amagxolo awonakele kuya kwezicubu ezinempilo nge-brush yensimbi noma usike ngomese. Khona-ke ukuphahla kufanele kuphathwe nge-1% noma ku-3% ye-Bordeaux liquid noma noma iyiphi i-agent ye-antifungal. Isixazululo se-3% se-ferrous sulfate sizosebenza futhi. Isembozo sokuqhaqhaza ngobumba, i-mullein noma i-putty ekhethekile.
Uyazi? Kubantu besifo esinalo igama elibi kangaka liyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Anton umlilo" noma "umlilo." Baqala ukumbiza ngokuthi ngoba izingadi elihlanyekile libukeka sengathi liyi-conflagration, izihlahla zibukeka zithandwa.
Ukuvimbela Izifo Eziphakathi Nezifo
Njengasendabeni yezifo zabantu, iphuzu eliyinhloko lokulondoloza ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye ne-fruiting yamapheya kungumzabalazo hhayi ngemiphumela, njll. ukwelashwa, nokuvimbela izifo. Ngokushesha lapho uqala ukuvimbela, cishe uzovuna izithelo ezinhle zezitshalo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukugwema izifo eziyinhloko zamapheya zihlanganisa:
- ukubhujiswa okufika ngesikhathi (ukuhlanza nokushisa) kwamaqabunga awile;
- imiqhele egqinsileyo;
- ukuphathwa kwezindawo zomhlabathi ezinzulu;
- i-prophylactic i-4-5-fold spraying ne-1% ye-Bordeaux liquid, i-0.3% ukumiswa kwe-90% ye-oxychloride yethusi, i-1% ukumiswa kwe-sulfur colloidal;
- ukutshala izinhlobo eziningi zezifo esifundeni sakho.
