Ubuhle amajikijolo, ukunambitheka okumnandi okwejwayelekile, isivuno esikhulu, ukuzithoba ngesikhathi sokutshala - konke lokhu, ku-blackcurrant, kepha hhayi ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunama-raspberries noma ama-sitrobheli engadini. Kepha ukwakheka kwe-blackcurrant kukwenza ukuthi uyinike indawo efanele futhi uyibize ngokuthi "i-pantry yamavithamini."
I-Currant Black pearl: incazelo ehlukahlukene, isithombe
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingama-currant ezingama-185, ezindala nezikhethiwe eminyakeni yamuva, yezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa, kanye nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zabathengi, zifakiwe ngokusemthethweni kwiRegista Yombuso. Cabanga ukuthi iyiphi indawo phakathi kwabo nezinhlobo zeBlack Pearl.
I-Currant Black Pearl
Ihlobo eligqamile selishonile ngokuphelele
(Grass, mowing, stacks)
Inika le currant
Amaparele amnyama.
Umbhali A. Vdovicheva
Umsuka
Lokhu kuhluka ku-VNIIS kubo. I-I.V. Abafuyi beMichurin K.D. USergeeva noT .V. I-Zvyagina. Ngoba izinhlobo zokuqala zazikhethiwe:
- I-Minai Shmyrev - uhlobo lokuqala lokumelana kwalo nezinhlungu zezinso, ukuzithanda okuphezulu kakhulu
- I-Bredthorpe (Karelian) - izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo sekwephuzile ngokumelana kwayo ne-powdery hlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha kwaba phakathi nenkathi yonyaka, ukumelana okuzuzwe njengezithelo zezinso, kodwa akuzange kuzuze ukumelana ne-powdery hlobo. Kungahle kube, ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobonhlobo azikhonjwanga ezifundeni zasenyakatho ezithambekele kakhulu ku-powdery hlobo.
Ngo-1992, izinhlobonhlobo zahlanganiswa kwiRegista Yombuso yezinhlobo ezivunyiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe yisifunda:
- UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi
- I-North Caucasian,
- I-Middle Volga
- Ural
- I-West Siberian,
- I-East Siberian
Incazelo
Iparele elimnyama liqukethe zonke izinto ezinesici se-currant emnyama.
Ithebula: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
| Izinto eziyinhloko | Ukuqokwa kwakhe | Ku-currant ngokwesilinganiso | Okuqukethwe ebangeni elimnyama Pearl |
| Vitamin C | I-Vitamin ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. | 80-300 mg% | 133.3 mg% - isilinganiso |
| ISahara | 6,7-16,8% | I-9.3% - isilinganiso | |
| Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-P bioflavonoids | Qinisa ama-capillaries khulisa ukumuncwa kwe-vithamini C. | 780 - 1780 mg / 100 | 1226 mg / 100 - phezulu |
| Ama-organic acid (isithasithisi esithandekayo) | 2,5-4,0% | 3.6% ephezulu | |
| Ama-Pectins | Impahla ebalulekile yama-pectins yikhono labo bamba ubuthi begciwane, ama-ayoni anensimbi esindayo, kufaka phakathi i-radionuclides, banekhono khipha i-cholesterol emzimbeni, ekuphekeni, lezi zinto zinikeza nge-gelling yomkhiqizo. | 0,5-1,6% | I-1.6% - ephezulu kakhulu |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-B, A amavithamini (carotene), ama-microelements (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron kanye nabanye), ama-tannins.
Amajikijolo amasha anokunambitheka okuphezulu futhi asiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa. Kepha ngendlela esetshenzisiwe (amajikijolo omisiwe futhi aqandisiwe, okulondoloziwe, ama-jellies, ama-jusi, nokunye) agcina izinto eziningi eziwusizo, ngoba aqukethe ama-enzyme avimbela ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga e-Vitamin C. Ama-currant abonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-P, amashumi izikhathi ezidlula okuqukethwe kwazo ngamajikijolo.
Kwezokwelapha, amajikijolo kanye namaqabunga asetshenzisiwe. Kusetshenziswe ekwelapheni ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin, i-anemia, i-rheumatism, i-gout, ukusebenza ngokwejwayelekile kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, ukuvimbela i-atherossteosis. Ngomkhwehlela oqinile, baphuza ujusi noju. Emazwaneni, ukufakwa kwamaqabunga okugeza kusetshenziselwa ama-rickets kanye ne-atopic dermatitis.
Utamatisi anosawoti no-okusemathinini, ukhukhamba, amakhowe, amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anikeza ukunambitheka nephunga eliyingqayizivele. Izinto eziqukethwe kuzo zivikela umkhiqizo ogciniwe ekungonakalisweni.
Ithebula: ukuma kwebanga
| Isihloko | Isici | Phawula 1 | Phawula 2 |
| Bush | Ngamazinga "we-currant" wokuphakama okuphakathi (1-1.3 m), ukuqhuma. Izimpande eziluhlaza eziguqukayo, amagatsha aqine aphuzi aqine. Amahlamvu awenziwa uqweqwe, amakhona amaqabunga ahlala ebheka phansi. Lesi sitshalo sakha amabhulashi ngezimbali ezingama-5-8 (izithelo) ezinezihlahla ezinamandla. Ukuthatha izithelo kujwayelekile. Iminyaka eyi-12-16 ingatshalwa endaweni eyodwa. | Akunamahlamvu amaningi, athuthukisa ukukhanya nokukhanya. | |
| Amajikijolo |
|
| Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezimnandi kakhulu. |
| Isikhathi sokuvula | Izinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nesizini, ziyaqhakaza ngoMeyi, amajikijolo avuthwa maphakathi noJulayi, | ||
| Ukukhiqiza | Uhlobo oluhle, oluzinzile, oluvundile futhi olukhula ngokushesha - luyabuna iminyaka engu-2-3, isivuno esikhulu seminyaka engu-5-6, sifinyelela kuma-3 kg / s ehlathini | Ukuzithanda kwezinhlobonhlobo kukwenza ukuzimela kobukhona bezinyosi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. | Kunezinhlobo ezikhiqiza ngokwengeziwe |
| Ukuqina kobusika | Phezulu, amakati awaholi emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-35 degrees | ||
| Ukumelana nezifo | Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa ne-anthracnose, umkhaza wezinso, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ku-terry, edluliselwa yikhaza. Kungenzeka ihlushwa i-Powdery hlobo. | Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimelana ne-powdery hlobo. |
Igalari yezithombe: Mayelana neBlack Pearl neBlack Pearl
- Nangu, pearl elimnyama
- Futhi leli li-currant, iparele elimnyama
- Kuphela kusuka kumnandi omuncu futhi omuncu, amajikijolo e-pectin acebile lapho sizothola khona ujamu - jelly
Mayelana nezinye izinhlobo
Kungaba iphutha ukucabanga ngeParele Elimnyama kuphela. Bheka ezinye izinhlobo ze-currant emnyama, ezibekelwe okungenani ezinye zezifunda kusuka kuhlu lweBlack Pearls, ezinezakhiwo ezihehayo.
Ithebula: ezinye izinhlobo ezithokozisayo
| Isihloko | Ithemu ukuvuthwa | Isifunda | Ukuhlehlisa | I-Powdery Mildew Resistance |
| I-Belorussia imnandi | maphakathi nesizini | ngokufanayo ngaphandle kweNtshonalanga Siberian | Amajikijolo makhulu (1.1-1.6), limnandi futhi limuncu uvithamini C 200-300, ipectin eningi | eqinile |
| I-Selechenskaya | ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi | okufanayo ngaphandle ENyakatho Caucasian, e-Ural | Amajikijolo makhulu kakhulu (1.7-3.3), imnandi, uthele kuze kufike ku-5 kg Amaphuzu angu-4.7-5 | eqinile kepha ekwazi umkhaza |
| I-green haze | maphakathi nesizini | ngokufanayo ngaphandle kwalokho I-Middle Volga | Ama-Berry makhulu (1.2-2.5), limnandi | eqinile |
| Minx | ekuseni kakhulu | UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi | Amajikijolo amakhulu amnandi futhi amuncu 1,5 Amaphuzu angama-4.8 | uzinzile impela |
| I-Bummer | sekwephuzile | I-Middle Volga, Ural | Amajikijolo amakhulu (2.5-3), amnandi, 4,5-5 amaphuzu | eqinile |
Ividiyo: mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile ze-currant
Ezolimo Ezimnyama Pearl
Kunoma iyiphi i-currant, indawo enokhanyayo kahle, ene-aeration enhle, enomswakama owenele, kepha ngaphandle kokuntengantenga kwamanzi, ilungile. Uma amanzi asemhlabathini eseduze, amalunga aphezulu alungiselelwe ukutshala. Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle ingumhlabathi osuswe ukhula, ukhiqizwe uma i-acidity iphezulu, futhi ivundiswa kahle lapho kugaywa noma sekutshala. Amanani womquba anqunywa yisimo senhlabathi esifundeni esithile. Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ama-currants ukutshala okufanele kanye nokwakheka kahle kwesihlahla. Konke lokhu kuyiqiniso ngeBlack Pearl enezici ezithile.
Ukutshala nokukhiqiza kabusha
Isithombo esivela enkulisa enezimpande ezithuthukile, ngaphandle komonakalo, okungenani amahlumela amabili angama-25-35 cm, sikhula kusuka esisekelweni, esinama-buds ambalwa abukhoma - yilokhu okudingayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kungcono ukugcina isithombo sisongelwe ngendwangu emanzi.
Isithombo esihle
Ngaphansi kwe-sapling, udinga umgodi ongu-40 * 50 * 50 ngosayizi, i-humus noma umquba, umanyolo wamaminerali ungezelelwa kuwo, uma ngabe awulethwanga ngaphansi kokumba, noma inhlabathi evundile, ungangeza isihlabathi. Ukuxuba nokumanzisa yonke into, bafaka lesi yisithombo ngokungacacile, basakaze izimpande, basimboze ngomhlaba, banciphise kancane lesi sitshalo ukuze kungabikho zindawo eziseduze nezimpande, bahlanganise inhlabathi, bayithele (ngebhakede eli-1), benze umgodi. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngu-6-8 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi.Nalokhu kujula, izimpande ezintsha zisuka ngokushesha futhi amahlumela amaningi avela ezinso ezingxenyeni zezitho ezijulile. Balala ngesendlalelo se-peat noma i-humus, noma utshani, noma okungenani umhlaba owomile ukuze bagweme ukwakheka kokuqhuma. Izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile lokutshala lingamazinga okushisa angama-8-10 ukusuka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ukuze uvikele ekubandisweni, ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, isihlahla simbozwa inhlabathi ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15 futhi sifakwe futhi. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esitshaliwe sizoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi siqale ukukhula ngokugcwele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Isihlahla esitshalwe kahle
Amahlahla amnyama pearl atshalwe kude okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngoba lesi sitshalo sisakazeka, asitshalwa emthunzini wezitshalo ezinde, ngoba isihlahla asimude kakhulu.
Ukudalwa Okumnyama kwe-Pearl Bush
Ukwakheka kahle kwesihlahla kuyisihluthulelo sesitshalo esizayo, sobungako kanye nobungako, nempilo ende ekhiqizayo yabalingisi. Ukususwa kwamagatsha kanye namahlumela okungadingekile kanye nokuqondiswa kabusha kwezakhi zomzimba ekuthembiseni izingxenye zesitshalo
- Ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo, sinqume zonke amahlumela, ungashiyi ama-buds angaphezu kuka-2-2 ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela aseceleni. Kule minyaka engu-2-3 elandelayo, amahlumela ezimpande zonyaka anqunywa phansi kwesihlahla.
Ukwakheka kokuqala
- Ukuthena okwakhayo kuqediwe iminyaka emi-4-5.
Ukwakheka okuqhubekayo
- Esihlahleni esivuthayo kufanele kube amagatsha weminyaka ehlukene. I-Zero isho izimpande zonyaka ze-zero oda. Izinombolo zihambelana nobudala begatsha. Amachashaza amaka amagatsha asikiwe.
Isihlahla esakhiwe kahle
Kamuva, amagatsha anesifo, aphukile futhi anesifo ayasuswa. Igatsha elidala elihle lishiyelwa omunye unyaka, lisencane, kodwa linganikeli ukukhula okuhle, igatsha liyagawulwa.
Ukunakekelwa okunye
Ukushiya kuqukethe ukuchelela, uma inhlabathi ingenamanzi ngokwanele, ikhulula ngokucophelela kuze kube ngu-6 cm cm, ngoba izimpande ze-currant zitholakala eduze kobuso, ukufafazwa, ukuhlolwa kwezihlahla, ukususa amahlumela okonakele, kususa amagatsha asebekhulile angatheli kahle, kuvimbela izifo, ukugqoka okuphezulu. Isidingo nokuvama kunqunywa yizici zezulu nezomhlabathi zesifunda esithile.
I-Powdery Mildew
Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukumelana okunganele kwezinhlobonhlobo ku-powdery hlobo, sibheka lesi sifo ngokuningiliziwe. I-Powdery mildew yisifo se-fungal esithinta iningi lezitshalo ezisencane. Amahlumela aluhlaza, amaqabunga, amahlumela ezithelo nezindebe ziyahlupheka, zimbozwe ngengubo emhlophe, bese iba nsundu. Amahlumela abe yisigwegwe, amaqabunga ayawa, isitshalo singafa.
Izindlela zokulawula ezingezona zamakhemikhali, okulandelayo kuyathakazelisa, okuvumela ukucindezela ngokuphelele lesi sifo:
Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, lungiselela ukumfaka kwengxenye eyodwa ye-mullein noma uthuli nezingxenye ezintathu zamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ukumnika kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi kabili, kuhlungiwe. Futha izihlahla. Phinda ulungiselele ukumnika nokufafaza emva kwamasonto ama-2, bese uphinda maphakathi noJuni.
Ukubuyekezwa
Okungacabanganga, Tshala Amapheya Amnyama. Akukhuli, kukhona iphunga elikhulu, elinephunga elimnandi, elimnandi. Izilonda ezikulo zazingaqashelwa, sazithanda impela izinhlobonhlobo.
Kalista
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Nginezinhlobo eziningi zamaparele amnyama, ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezindala ezifakazelwe. Manje bambalwa abantu abalikhulayo, kodwa ngeze. Amajikijolo avuthiwe angakwazi ukubambelela esihlahleni isikhathi esingangenyanga, ukuhlukaniswa komile, amajikijolo awawona amakhulu kunawo, kepha aqine futhi amnandi ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi uma isivuno singavuni, khona-ke siyokhuphuka emagatsheni, siphenduke sicishe sibe ngamagilebhisi angama-currant. Amajikijolo omiswe ngokuphelele endaweni eyomile. Izimo kufanele zibhekwe futhi konke kufanele ukuzame. Ngoba incazelo yinto eyodwa, futhi inkambu ethile ihlukile ngokuphelele. Nginomthambeka oseningizimu owomile, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha azizibonisi nhlobo. Futhi ubumnandi obudala baseBelarusian buziphatha nje ngokumangalisa. Mhlawumbe ngokunisela, futhi imikhiqizo emisha ibizokhula, kepha akunakwenzeka lokho.
rinamas
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Le nhlobonhlobo inesipikili esibalulekile - ayimelani ne-MR futhi ayinamandla amelana ne-anthracnose; nginesimo sengqondo esingalingani maqondana nezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo, noma ngabe ibhhero lihle - kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuligcina impilo yezihlahla, futhi asinawo kuphela ama-currants ngobuningi obunjalo , zama ukungahambisani nempilo yakho (ukuze imilenze yakho ingaluli phakathi kwezihlahla), ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Irina Shabalina, Isifunda sase-Orenburg
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Lapho lichaza izinhlobonhlobo zeBlack Pearl, igama elithi "okuhlala isikhathi eside" liziveza ngokwalo - imicu eqinile, amajikijolo aqinile, futhi-ke, idumela eliqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlobonhlobo bezingeke zifunwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Kepha isikhathi asimile, nezinye izinhlobo, ezakhiwe ezifundeni ezifanayo, zingaqhudelana kahle neBlack Pearls, futhi zidlule lokhu okuhlukahlukene ezimfanelweni eziningi. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi kube nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene esizeni esifanayo: ekuseni futhi sekwephuzile, futhi kumnandi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ehlobo kusuka ehlahleni, futhi kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Ukukhetha ngumgcini wegadi, okumele ukwenze nokuthi wenzeni.
