I-Asplenium ingeyama ferns waphakade avela emndenini wakwaBony. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lo muthi unezindawo zokuphulukisa, uwusizo ikakhulukazi ebolini, yingakho igama lihamba, livela eLatinamu elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ubanzi".
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiNingizimu Melika, e-Asia. Namuhla, amathambo, elinye igama lalesi sitshalo, nawo atholakala endaweni yasentshonalanga. Igama lesibili laqhamuka ngokufana kwamaqabunga e-fern anamathambo amancane. Ikhula endaweni enamadwala, enhlabathini enamadwala, ayidingi inhlabathi evundile.
Incazelo
Umndeni we-asplenius ufaka izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 zama-ferns; angawezitshalo zaphakade ezinama-rhizomes akhinyayo esikalini esithambile. Amacembe abushelelezi, avamile futhi ahlakazekile kahle. ISporangium (isitho esikhiqiza izinhlamvu ezidingekayo ukuze sikhiqizwe kabusha) sitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yamapheshana, emithanjeni yamahhala.
Kunezinhlobo ezingamelana, zobusika-eziqinile neziqinile. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zikhulile ngaphakathi endlini, zinhle futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
Izinhlobo
Ensimini yezwe lethu, endaweni evulekile, kukhula izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezitshalo kuphela.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Asplenium mnyama | Kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zokwelapha, eRussia ngaphandle kokukhosela kukhula ohlangothini oluseningizimu kuphela. |
| I-fern ye-Viviparous noma ye-bulbous | Inamaqabunga amahle aluhlaza omnyama ophethe i-feathery dispar. Amaphethelo we-Bulbiferum anama-bulbs. I-viviparous fern ikhula kahle enhlabathini emanzi, ukubekwa okuncane kufanele kutshalwe njalo kusuka kusiqu somama, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobahlanganisa. Ukuphakama kumamitha. Elinye igama iParvati. |
| ISouth Asia Asplenium | Umbono omuhle kakhulu we-asplenium enamaqabunga aluhlaza obukhulu. Imiphetho yazo i-wavy, ifinyelela ku-25 cm ubude.I-fleak onsomi ihamba maphakathi neqabunga. |
| INest Asplenium noma i-Nidus | Amaqabunga “esidleke sezinyoni” akhanya futhi acwebezelwe, afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo, umumo ubunjiwe ngenkemba, kanti imiphetho ihlangene. Isokisi lakhiwe njengebhakede. Elinye igama uCobra. |
| ISkopopendrovy Asplenium | Ukubuka kwendlu kwe-fern, amapheshana wombala oluhlaza okhanyayo, imiphetho yama-curly. Izitshalo ezincane zikhula ngamahlamvu amile, emva kwalokho athatha isimo se-arc. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "yi-centipede", awukwazi ukuthinta amahlamvu ngokungadingekile, ngoba athambile kakhulu. |
| Osaka, anticum | Isitshalo esingandile kakhulu sohlobo lwe-Asplenidae, esibizwa nangokuthi i-treelike. Amaqabunga akhula ngokuthe njo phezulu, akhanya, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani. |
| Ibhodlela Asplenum | Ufuna ngenkani ukunakekela, ungatshalwa ku-aquarium. Amacembe aluhlaza ngombala omnyama, onxantathu ngesimo, akhula aze afike ku-14 cm ukuphakama. |
| UCrispy | Akudingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, amaqabunga anesakhiwo esonakalisiwe, i-green hue ekhanyayo nokukhanya okuhle. Elinye igama iCrispy Wave. |
| Leslie | Uhlobo oluncane lwefern, oludumile phakathi kwabalimi. |
| Hairy Asplenium | Ithambo elincane, kuze kufike ku-25 cm. Amaqabunga angama-pinnate, amade, aluhlaza ngombala ku-petioles emnyama. Ukulungiselela ukukhula emadwaleni, ezindaweni lapho kunomhlabathi omncane. Loluhlobo lungatshalwa hhayi ekhaya kuphela, kepha nasengadini. |
Ukunakekelwa kwefern
UFern akadingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela ekhaya.
| Ipharamitha | Izimo |
| Ukukhanyisa / Indawo | Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungabeki imbali elangeni eliqondile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzothola ukushiswa. Ukukhanya kufanele kuhlakazeke ngobumnene egumbini. Isithunzi sinciphisa ukukhula kwezimbali. Beka imbiza nge-fern mhlawumbe ohlangothini olusempumalanga. |
| Ukushisa | Ebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-+19 degrees, ehlobo ukusuka ku-+21 kuya ku- +25 degrees. |
| Ukunisela | Nisela i-fern njengoba kunesidingo; ukomisa inhlabathi akumele kuvunyelwe. Ehlobo idinga ukuthambisa okuningi, futhi okuphambene nalokho ebusika. Amanzi kufanele athambeke. Uma inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu, uhlelo lwezimpande luzokubola. |
| Umswakama womoya | Kungcono ukuthi ulondoloze umswakama ophezulu efulethini, ungakhetha ngokukhetha ukubeka isitsha ngamanzi eduze kwembiza. |
| Umanyolo | Ukugqoka okwengeziwe okuphezulu kuyadingeka ehlobo 1 isikhathi emavikini ama-2, kuthengiswa umanyolo okhethekile wezimbiwa. Ekwindla, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kumiswe. Ngaphambi kokuthulula umanyolo, kungakuhle ukuthi unisele isitshalo kahle. |
Ukuzikhethela komthamo, inhlabathi, ukufakelwa
Lapho nje isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwabantu sesidlulile, i-asplenium ngokushesha idinga ukufakelwa kwenye into. Kufanele ushiye inqwaba yomhlaba enezimpande, umane unyakazisa umhlabathi owedlulele kancane.
Izitshalo ezisencane kuzofanela zitshalwe minyaka yonke, mhlawumbe entwasahlobo. Abakhulile - bavuselela njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Imbiza yokutshala kufanele ikhethwe ngaphezu kweyokuqala, kodwa hhayi enkulu, amaKostenets ngeke ayithande. Amandla kufanele akhethwe ngezimbobo.
Inhlabathi efanelekayo yokutshala ama-orchid. Le ngxube kulula ukuyilungiselela. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi: i-peat, isihlabathi, i-pine bark, i-humus namalahle.
Isinyathelo Sokudluliselwa:
- Thatha imbiza enezimbobo zomoya, uthele amanzi ngaphansi.
- Beka i-substrate ngaphezulu, kufanele ihlale ivulekile.
- Susa ithambo ebhodweni ngenhlama yomhlaba ezimpandeni bese ufaka esinye isitsha. Ngaphambi kwalapho, susa izimpande ezimnyama.
- Thela ngaphezulu kwengxenye ye-substrate bese ukhanyisa kancane ezimpandeni.
- Bese uthele kancane ngamanzi afudumele bese ufafaza kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza.
- Susa imbiza isikhashana endaweni emnyama.
Ukuzala
I-Asplenium isho izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingakaze eziqhakaze. UFern usakaza izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ukuzala kabusha ngama-buds e-excretory kwenzeka ku-fern ye-viviparous. Ama-buds atholakala kumathiphu amaqabunga, akhuli ezimbalini isikhathi eside, kuthi ngemuva kokuthola amaqabunga awo nezimpande zawo.
- Ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes, sakaza ihlathi elivele likhulu, selivuthiwe.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukusakaza ama-ossicles ngama-spores. Imishini ekhethekile nesikhathi esiningi izokuza kahle. Amahlumela avela ekushiseni kwama-+20 kuya kuma-+25 degrees.
Amaphutha nokulungiswa kwawo
UFern usengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene.
| Iphutha | Isizathu | Ukulungiswa |
| Amaqabunga aphuzi, amathiphu ansundu. | Umoya omile. | Faka umkhumbi owengeziwe namanzi esitsheni nesitshalo. |
| Kuvela amabala ama-brown emaqabungeni, aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe. | - ngokweqile ngokweqile; - Ukunisela okunganele; - Umoya kanye okusalungiswa. | Nisela imbali kahle, uyisuse kuhekitha. |
| Amahlamvu ayaphela. | Umoya omile kakhulu, umhlabathi owomile. | Landela yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-asplenium. |
| Burn on amaqabunga, liphenduka. | Ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle. | Beka kude nefasitela endaweni emnyama. |
| Ukukhula okumpofu, amaqabunga aphaphathekile. | Akunawo umsoco owanele. | Pha umquba kahle. |
Izinambuzane nokulwa nazo
Amathambo amathambo ukunambitha izinambuzane. Kuyathintwa ama-aphid, mealybug, whiteflies, imikhaza. Ukugeza amaqabunga ngensipho namanzi kusiza kakhulu.
| Inambuzane | Ukuqashelwa | Ukwelashwa |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Iwebhusayithi yesigcawu esimhlophe nefomu elibomvu obomvu emaqabungeni. | Ukufafaza ngama-insecticides. |
| I-Mealybug | Amaqabunga ambozwe umhlophe onamathele phansi. | Sebenzisa indwangu emanzi ukususa izinambuzane bese ufafaza amaqabunga ngotshwala. |
| Ama-aphid | Amaqabunga agwetshwe yaba yishubhu, aguquka. | Ukucubungula ngemishini ekhethekile (Tanrek, Spark, Aktara). |
| I-Whitefly | Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe. | Phatha ukushiya njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu nesixazululo esine-permethrin. |
| Isihlangu | Amabala aqinile ansundu. | Izinambuzane kufanele zihlanzwe ngensangu emanzi bese imbali ifafazwe nge-ejenti ekhethekile (Bankol, Bitoxibacillin). Phinda usebenzise ukukhwabanisa kuze kube yilapho izinambuzane zinyamalala ngokuphelele. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: i-fern - ithoni yasekhaya
UFern kade abhekwa njengesitshalo somlingo nesomlingo. Babekholelwa ukuthi ngosizo lwayo ungathola igolide, futhi imbewu ye-asplenium iletha inhlanhla.
Kunenombolo enkulu yezimpawu ezihlobene ne-fern:
- Kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinomphumela onenzuzo kwimvelo yasekhaya, sikhipha umoya emcabangweni ongemuhle, sibuyisa ukuvumelana efulethini. Imbali yenza abantu babe nomusa futhi bavulekele ukuxhumana.
- I-Asplenium yakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane ezindala nezincane. Kuthuthukisa ukuqonda phakathi kwabazali nezingane.
- Kuxosha imimoya emibi. UFern uthathwa njenge-amulet eqinile, uma ibuna, kusho ukuthi iso elibi noma ukulimala kwalethwa endlini.
- Idonsela imali endlini.
- Enye yezimpawu ezimbi ukuthi imbali iyi-vampire yamandla. Ukunciphisa umthelela omubi, udinga ukuwubeka eduze kwe-TV noma ikhompyutha.
- Kubangela ukugula. Lo mbono ungaba nesizathu esinengqondo, ngoba abanikazi bangaba nokulimana kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fern ibamba umoya-mpilo omningi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ekuseni, ikhanda lingalimala emizini. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo akufanele zifakwe egumbini lokulala.
