Kuqala abalimi bajwayele ukunakekela ingadi yabo, kufaka phakathi izihlahla zama-apula, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, bahlala bakhohlwa ukubaluleka kokunakekela izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla futhi bezilungiselela ubusika.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Autumn nokulungiselela ubusika - izeluleko eziyisisekelo
Ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula ekwindla kuyisindawo esibalulekile sesivuno esizayo.
Ngo-Agasti - Septhemba
Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuqina kwamagatsha ngezithelo ezisindayo, uma kungenjalo azophuka, futhi izindawo zephuleko zingahlasela izifo nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, abalimi babeka ukusekelwa okuqinile ngaphansi kwamagatsha. Udinga futhi ukuqoqa ama-apula awile, lezi zithelo azinempilo futhi zivame ukutheleleka yizilokazane. Izithelo ezifafazwe kufanele ziqoqwe futhi zikhishwe ngaphandle kwesiza.
Ngemuva kokuvunwa
Ngokushesha emva kokuvuna, udinga ukulungiselela lesi sitshalo ubusika. Uma kwenziwa kahle, izithelo ziyoba ziningi ngonyaka olandelayo, kanti ama-apula anomnandi futhi awoshukela.
Ukukhetha okuyiqabunga nokumba inhlabathi
Ukuhlanza nokumba inhlabathi phansi kwesihlahla kuyiphuzu elibalulekile ekunakekeleni isihlahla se-apula. Eduze kwalo, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile endaweni engaba amamitha ayi-2, kanye nokususa ukhula nama-aphula abolile. Amaqabunga, yize egqoke kahle futhi agcina ukushisa endaweni yangaphambi kwezimpande, uma izihlahla zezithelo zingaholela ezifweni, ngoba ancibilikisa entwasahlobo, izinhlobo eziningi zokuvuvukala okuvela kuzo ziqala ukwanda.
Lapho nje kuphela iqabakazi lekwindla seliphela, ungakwazi ukuqoqa amaqabunga ngokushesha. Uma lesi sitshalo siphilile, khona-ke kungcono ukuwabeka inqwaba yomquba, uzovuthwa iminyaka emithathu. Lapho umquba uvuthwa, zonke izinambuzane zesikhunta ziyafa. Uma umuthi ulimala ehlobo, khona-ke kungcono ukushisa amahlamvu.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa amaqabunga, inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo kumele yokwembiwa esiqwini. Awukwazi ukumba ujule ngaphezu kuka-15-20 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho ifosholo lizothinta izimpande lizilimaze. Ukumba kubalulekile, njengoba izibungu zezinambuzane zizalela emhlabathini futhi uma ziguqulwa kanye kanye nenhlabathi, zizofa ebusweni bomhlaba ngesithwathwa. Lokhu kubalulekile futhi ngoba imbewu yokhula isephezulu, iqhwa futhi ayiqhume, noma kunjalo, izimpande zazo zingcono ukukhetha nokuziphonsa. Bamba inhlabathi lapho imanzi kancane, uma kungekho mvula, khona-ke idinga ukuniselwa.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela isitshalo noma cha kuya ngesimo sezulu. Uma lina kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokunisela. Ngemvula engandile, kufanelekile ukuthambisa umuthi we-apula kakhulu.
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi inhlabathi engaphansi iswakanyiswe kahle kangakanani, udinga ukumba umgodi ojulile ngo-20 cm, uma inhlabathi ngaphakathi inomswakama, khona-ke ukuthambisa akudingeki. Kunoma yikuphi okunye, ukuthambisa kumele. Umuthi oswakanyiswe kahle awuphuli ngaphambi kobusika futhi ubekezelela isithwathwa ngendlela ephawulekayo. Umthamo ophakathi wamanzi wokunisela ngamalitha ayi-4-6 kwisitshalo ngasinye.
Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-Autumn
Kunemibono eminingana mayelana nesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokondla. Abanye bayibamba ngo-Agasti noma Septhemba ngemuva kokukha ama-apula, abanye bayenza ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Zombili lezi zinketho zifanelekile, kepha khumbula ukuthi wonke umanyolo ungenwa kungakapheli amasonto amathathu.
Isisekelo sokudla kwezitshalo ngumquba womquba noma umquba. Amabhakede ama-2 okugqoka aphezulu anele esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, udinga ukugaya inhlabathi nge-pitchfork kuyo yonke indawo yokuwa komthunzi wesithunzi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungasiki izimpande ngethuluzi lengadi lapho ugaya umhlabathi.
Ukuxubha
Le nqubo iyakwazi ukugcina umhlabathi umswakama futhi uphefumula kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mulch ingumanyolo omuhle kakhulu. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukufudumeza isisekelo, kuvikela ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. I-Peat, i-pine bark, i-sawdust, utshani kanye nomquba kufanelekile njenge-mulch.
Ukususa ama-moss nama-lichen, ukukhipha amagxolo
Qinisekisa ukuhlanza amagxolo, ususe izindawo ezindala kuwo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga amagilavu, indwangu yamafutha kanye nesiqeshana esibukhali sepulasitiki elijwayelekile. Udinga ukukwenza lokhu ngemuva kwemvula, uma kungakaze kube lapho isikhathi eside, khona-ke ungavele ugcobe amagxolo. Ukuhlanzwa kome kungalimaza. Uma, noma kunjalo, ukusika kwegxolo kusasele, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcoba ngamafutha ezinhlobonhlobo zensimu ukuvikela izifo zomuthi wama-apula nokusakazeka kwezifo.
Ama-lichens kanye ne-moss kumele futhi asuswe. Vala ukuhamba komoya-mpilo ku-apula ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezikwi-cortex. Isitshalo esishisiwe siyoma bese kancane kancane sifa. Kufanele zisuswe ngemuva kokuwa wonke amaqabunga. Kunezindlela ezimbili:
- Ukugcona nge-iron sulfate. Faka isicubu ngamanzi bese uphatha ngokucophelela isiqu, amagatsha nenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwesonto nesigamu, ama-lichens ayafa futhi kufanele acishwe. Ukuvimbela ukuwa phansi, kufanelekile ukusakaza i-oyisifesi ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
- Okokuqala, isiqu siyahlanzwa, bese kufakwa isisombululo esikhethekile se-sulfate yethusi, inhlabathi iphinde ifafazwe ngento. Izinsalela eziwile zamagxolo kumele zishiswe ukuze zingatheleleli emhlabeni.
Iziqu ze-Whitewash
Ngemuva kokunquma amagatsha ngokweqile, ungaqala ukumisa isiqu esiqwini. Kuzovimbela ukuqhekeka kwegxolo, kuvikeleke ezinambuzaneni. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile nesinelanga, uma kungenjalo imvula izosiqeda ikhambi.
Ungambathisa izihlahla ngocele kadaka, emulsion noma ngopende wokusabalalisa ngamanzi.
- Ukugcotshwa okumhlophe ngokususelwa ku-lime: kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ama-3 kg we-chalk noma kalamula ositshuluziwe kuyabhulwa, ama-05 kg we-sulfate yethusi, 100 g we-casein glue, 3 tbsp. l unamathisela ufulawa. Isigaxu sihlanganiswa isikhathi eside, bese sigcizelelwa.
- Upende osuselwa kumanzi uvikelekile ezihlahleni, wenza inhlanganisela yokuphefumula engamelana nemisebe yelanga kanye namanzi, okuvumela ukuthi umusi udabule.
- Upende wokusabalalisa amanzi ngaphezu kombala uqukethe i-antiseptic ne-latex. Uyaphefumula, kuyilapho ungavumeli ilanga lingene. Ubuye abambelele esiqwini isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Ungasebenzisa lo pende ngamazinga okushisa okungenani ama- +3.
Ukusikwa kwesihlahla sabantu abadala kwenziwa ngobude bengalo kusuka enhlabathini, qiniseka ukuthi uthwebula wonke amagatsha aphakathi nendawo.
Amagatsha okuthena
Ukuthena kwenziwa cishe amasonto angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ngoba zonke izigaba kumele ziphilise ziqinise, ngaphandle kwalokho zizohamba. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ufafaze amagatsha ngezindlela ezikhethekile (ama-insecticides) ezinambuzaneni. Lolu suku kufanele lube elangeni, kepha hhayi kube nomoya.
Ekwindla, kudingeka izihlahla zokuhlanzeka kuphela. Kungamagatsha anogulayo kuphela nalawo omile anqunywe.
Isilayidi kufanele futhi sibambe indawo enempilo eduze kwesihlahla, ngakho-ke ukusikwa kuzophola ngokushesha, futhi amagxolo ngeke aqhekeke. Zonke amanxeba kumele aphathwe nge-var var engadini. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi abukhali hhayi wokugqwala.
Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Nezinambuzane
Uma umuthi we-apula ungalimanga ehlobo, khona-ke ukwelashwa ngezinambuzane ngeke kudingeke, kodwa uma kunokuhlasela kwezifo, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha lapho isihlahla siwisa wonke amaqabunga. Ngemuva kokuvuna ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuqoqa wonke ama-apula awile nezithelo ezinesifo emagatsheni. Uma kuvela izinambuzane, khona-ke lesi sitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngama-insecticides amahlandla ama-2 nomehluko wezinsuku eziyi-10. Ngaphezu kwesihlahla namagatsha, isisombululo kumele siphathwe ngenhlabathi.
Ukunakekela isihlahla sakudala se-apula
Izihlahla zakudala ze-apula zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, umthetho oyinhloko inqubo yokuvuselela isihlahla. Kwenziwa njalo ngeminyaka emi-3, ngoba ukuthena wonke amagatsha ngonyaka owodwa kuzoba buhlungu kakhulu esitshalweni. Kungokokuqala ukuthi wonke amagatsha omile nanesifo asikwe, bese ehlanza wonke amagxolo esihlahla. Ngolwesithathu - susa amagatsha, uqwebe umqhele. Isiqu sisenziwa mhlophe futhi siphathwe ngesisombululo se-antibacterial, umhlaba uyathukululwa, uniselwe, uvinjelwe futhi zonke izimpande zokhula ziyasuswa.
Nakekela izihlahla ezincane
Izithombo kuphela ngemuva kokutshala zidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika. I-Transshipment yezitshalo yenziwa ekwindla, akufanelekile ukudonsa nalokhu, ngoba umuthi omncane we-apula kufanele ube nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi ubekezelele kahle ubusika.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe. Kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 ukwakha umqhele. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kwanele ukushiya kuphela amagatsha ayi-4 aphakathi nendawo, uphine phezulu kwesihlahla. Esikhathini esilandelayo - shiya kuze kufike ku-5,6ukuqhekeka, ngemuva - wenze ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuphela.
Ngaphambi kobusika, udinga ukwenza mhlophe isiqu, ikhambi lokunamathela lingashintshwa libe ubisi ngokufakwa kwe-sulfate yethusi, lokhu kwenziwa ukugwema ukushisa isiqu sobuthakathaka sesihlahla se-apula. Futhi, ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, kufanele ufake insangu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, ngamagatsha angama-spruce noma okokufaka okhethekile, ohlangothini lwaseningizimu kwanele ukufeza umalching kuphela.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyeluleka: kanjani ukumboza umuthi we-apula ebusika?
Okokumboza impahla, izinto eziningi kufanelekile, ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa:
- Amaphephandaba
- I-Burlap (isikhwama esivamile soshukela noma okusanhlamvu);
- Izithungo ze-sunflower;
- Amathayi nezitokwe;
- I-Fibglass.
Okokuqala, isisekelo sesiqu sifakwa nge-sawdust noma ngegxolo likaphayini. Lapho nje iqhwa lokuqala liwela, lingathathwa luthathwe esihlahleni bese lakha igquma, ngaphansi kokufakwa umuthi we-apula uzofudumala.
Ngalo lonke ubusika, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kunyathelwe iqhwa ezansi kwesiqu sesiqobelo, iqhinga elinjalo livimbela ukungena kwamagundane esihlahleni se-apula.
Izindlela ezinhle zokufudumeza igatsha le-spruce elijwayelekile, elibekwa phansi ngezinaliti ngaphansi kwesiqu. Ungasonga isisekelo sesitshalo nge-burlap, bese usonga inetha ngensalo ephezulu, ngakho-ke isihlahla sizofakwa futhi sivikeleke ngokuthembekile kumagundane.
Izici zokulungiselela izihlahla zama-apula ubusika esifundeni saseMoscow, eSiberia nase-Urals
Izihlahla ze-Apple kumele zitshalelwe ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo, njengoba kunomehluko ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwe. Kunoma ikuphi, enyakatho isihlahla sezithelo ngeke silethe isivuno esihle njengaseningizimu.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, lesi sitshalo kudingeka silungiselelwe kahle ubusika, sondliwe ngomanyolo ondla isihlahla ngezakhi zomzimba. Kubalulekile ukufudumeza isiqu ngezinto zokumboza bese usifafaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngesibulala-zinambuzane ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngezinambuzane nezinambuzane.
Ezifundeni ezibandayo zezwe, ezithi iSiberia kanye ne-Urals, izinhlobo ngazinye zazakhiwe, zingakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi azesabi izinguquko zokushisa. Izithombo ezifundeni zimbozwe ngotshani noma sawdust ebusika, zimboze cishe wonke umuthi omncane. Isikhwama esengeziwe noma indwangu yekotini ibekwa ngaphezulu futhi isongwe ngetheyiphu ejwayelekile.
Kulezi zindawo, ubusika bufika ekuseni ngokwanele, udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokulungiselela isihlahla sama-apula ubusika ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa lokuqala.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile ekunakekeleni isihlahla sama-apula ekwindla
- Ukuthena kwenziwa kumasithwathwa, ngakho-ke isitshalo siyasha.
- Ama-apula awile namahlamvu endaweni yezimpande akuhlanzwa, kwakhiwa amagciwane amaningi athinta isitshalo.
- Ukuhlubuka kwegxolo elidala nokugula akukwenziwanga; ngenxa yalokho, izibungu zezinambuzane zasakazeka.
- Umuthi we-apula awugcini ubusika, ngenxa yalokho uyaqhuma futhi ufe.
Uma ungakhohlwa ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, khona-ke kuzojabulisa izithelo zayo ezinoshukela futhi ezihlwabusayo isikhathi eside.
