Ukutshala ama-rose ekwindla kudinga indlela yokuqamba, ngoba ukungaqondakali kwezimo zesimo sezulu, izici zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nesidingo sokukhetha inhlabathi efanelekile kwenza ukukhula kwalezi zimbali kube yinqubo ebuhlungu kakhulu.
Ukutshala ama-roses ekwindla
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala amahlumela enhlabathini sithathwa ngokuthi ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba. Kulokhu, i-rhizome izoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, isimo sezulu esibandayo senzeka sekwephuzile, kepha eSiberia nase-Urals, amazinga okushisa e-subzero asevele abonwa ekugcineni ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala kwalezi zitshalo ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezwe kudinga ukutshala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa.
Ukutshala ama-Autumn kwama roses kunezinzuzo eziningi eziqinisekisa unyaka olandelayo ukuthola isihlahla esinamandla nesiqhakaza:
- Ngalesi sikhathi, umswakama womoya ungama-70-80%, okuyi-10-20% ukwedlula intwasahlobo. Le nkomba inyusa izinga lokusinda kwezitshalo.
- Ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu semvula, ama-roses awadingi ukuniselwa kaningi.
- Inhlabathi ifudumele, ethinta ukuqiniswa kwezimbali. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kungaphezulu kwe +14 ° С.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingatshalwa kuphela ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo. Isibonelo, i-Black Prince engaziwa kakhulu, izinhlobo zama roses zaseFloribund zitshalwe ngoMeyi-Juni. Kulezi, kwakhiwa izihlahla ezijwayelekile ezinomqhele oyindilinga wemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngamandla, izitshalo ezinjalo zingathathwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala, kepha kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Ukutshala ama-roses emhlabathini ovulekile: ama-nuances nobuchwepheshe
Ukutshala ama-roses kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhambisana ngokuphelele nobuchwepheshe.
Ukukhetha Izithombo
Isigaba sokuqala sokuzala ama-roses - ukukhethwa kwezinto zokutshala. Izimbali zingaba ne-rhizome evulekile noma evaliwe futhi ingatholakala ezindlini zasekhaya noma zaphesheya.
Amabhasi anohlobo lokuqala lwezimpande atshalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga, ngoba athengiswa ngesikhathi sokutshala imifino esebenzayo. Ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, bavele kalula izimpande.
Amasampula wasekhaya athengwa kuphela ekwindla nakubazalisi abathembekile. Izithombo zakwamanye amazwe zihlolwa ngokucophelela ukukhula kwe-bud, uma kunjalo, isitshalo esitshaliwe entwasahlobo.
Naka isikhathi sokuqhakaza samamodeli, ukumelana kwawo nesithwathwa (kulungele izifunda zasenyakatho).
Indawo
Amaruva njengezindawo ezinokhanyo kahle, ilanga elithe xaxa, amaqhwa avela ngokwengeziwe lapho avela. Kodwa-ke, izindawo lapho imisebe eqondile ingena khona ayilingani, ngoba amacembe aphenduka aguqeke, ukushiswa kwenzeka emathiphuni.
Izindawo ezinombala zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele, njengoba izimbali zivame elangeni, zolule, bese ziba buthaka. Lokhu kulungiswa kukhulisa amathuba okuba nezifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Izindawo ezinokungalunganga azifaneleki, ngoba ukuthokomala komoya kuphula iziqu zama roses.
Inketho enhle yingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga yengadi.
AmaRoses uthando lokususwa ezakhiweni nakwezinye izitshalo. Lezi zimbali azikwazi ukutshala ngemuva kwezithelo zamatshe ezithelo, ngoba ziqeda kakhulu inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ikhava yomhlabathi.
Inhlabathi
AmaRoses akhetha ukuphefumula okulula komhlaba. Amanzi nomoya-mpilo agobhoza ngokuphelele kuyi-rhizome kuma-chernozems nase loams.
Ama-sandstones kanye nama-sandstones akayona inketho enhle kakhulu, ehlobo ayashiswa yimisebe yelanga, bese ebusika aqeda ngokushesha ukubanda. Umehluko onjalo uthinta i-rhizome. Abalimi abangochwepheshe balungisa lesi simo ngokungeza i-peat, lime kanye nomquba womhlabathi kuleyo ndawo ngokulingana. Ngomiswa komhlabathi okusheshayo, kufakwa ubumba, lubekwe emgodini wokutshala ungqimba olungamasentimitha angama-7-8. Maphakathi no-Septhemba, lapho kulungiswa ubusika, i-potassium monophosphate iyanezelwa ngendlela yesisombululo.
Isikimu sokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama roses
NgoSepthemba, izinhlobo zamahlahla zitshalwa zijule kunasemhlabathini wenkulisa, ngoba izithombo azikhuli ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo. Izinhlobo ezikhuphukayo zijule ngisho nangokwengeziwe, ngenxa yokuthi kuvela ezinye izinqubo zezimpande.
- Lapho utshala, izimpande zesitshalo zisatshalaliswa ngokulandelana ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zifafazwe nomhlaba ukuze zixhumane ngokuphelele nembali futhi akukho zimpawu.
- Inhlabathi enempilo ithululelwa phansi komgodi, kubekwe ama roses kuwo.
- Umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi, ugoqekile futhi uyaniselwa.
- Ingqimba yomhlaba engu-20 cm ukuphakama ithululelwa eduze kwesisekelo sesihlahla somhluzi, lokhu kuvikela izimpande zesitshalo eziqandeni.
- Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa inhlabathi, iniselwa ngamabhakede amaningana amanzi (ngesihlahla ngasinye).
- Ngemuva kokuhwamuka komswakama, ingaphezulu limbozwe inhlabathi eyomile, kanti izimbobo zenziwa ezizungeze izithombo zokwenza amanzi.
Ukuhamba phakathi kwezinhlobo zasepaki kusuka ku-75 cm kuya ku-1 m, ngoba lapho sebekhulile banomqhele osabalalelayo. Ibanga phakathi kwetiye le-hybrid, izinhlobo ze-polyanthus kanye nama-roribunda roses kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-60 cm.
Ukufakwa kukaRose ekwindla kwenye indawo
I-rose iyimbali enganekeli ebekezelela ukufakelwa kahle. Isikhathi esifanele nguSepthemba-Okthoba. Chitha ngosuku olunamafu noma kusihlwa.
- Isihlahla simbiwe ngokucophelela, sizama ukungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande (lapho kutshuza ama-roses amadala, le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi). Ukulimala okuncane akukubi, ama-roses aphola ngokushesha.
- Lesi sitshalo simbiwa isiyingi, kancane kancane size singene emhlabathini. Lapho impande yezimpande ifinyelelwa, iyanqunywa. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa emgodini, sigcina inqwaba yomhlaba ungasebenzi. Imbali ihanjiswa endaweni entsha ngefilimu, i-tarpaulin noma isikhwama esikhulu.
- Umgodi ulungiselelwe omncane kunohlelo lwezimpande. Ijule ngamasentimitha angama-6-6. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngokucophelela, futhi umgodi ufakwe emanzini.
Amabhishi amade aboshwe ngokusekelwa, ngoba ngenxa yomoya avame ukugoba futhi angakwazi ukugoba, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuzilinganisa. Izihlahla zihlehliswa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukusika kwama roses ekwindla nezinye izindlela zokusakazeka
Kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha zokusakaza ama-roses:
- Izimbumbulu. Inzuzo yendlela ukuthi ama-roses awanikezi amahlumela asendle. Ukusikwa kusikwa eduze ngeqabunga leqabunga, bese kumila kulungiselelo lokukhuthaza ukukhula. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-rhizome, imbali itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
- I-Okulirovka. Ukuqhekeka kwenziwa ngendlela yencwadi engu-T ekhondweni lesiqu, eduze kwezinga lomhlabathi, kubekwa izinso sombhalo kuso futhi kufakwe nefilimu. Ukuhlinzwa akuyona inkimbinkimbi, kepha isipiliyoni siyadingeka.
- Kusetshenziswa imbewu. Le ndlela ayisetshenziswa neze, ngoba kulindeleke iminyaka eminingi ukuqhakaza. Ukuhluma kwalokhu kokutshala kuphansi.
- Ukubekwa. Ngakho-ke, ukugibela nama-shrub roses kuyahlotshwa, ngoba anesiqu eside futhi siqinile. Engxenyeni engezansi yehlumela yenza i-incision mayelana ne-8 cm ubude, faka umdlalo kulo. Le ngxenye yesiqu isibekwe emhlabathini futhi inamathiselwe, ithiphu lamahhala lixhunyiwe kwisikhonkwane. Isitshalo esinezimpande sihlukaniswe nesihlahla sikamama.
Indlela yeBurrito
EMelika, kwasungulwa indlela entsha - "burrito". Lesi isitsha sokugcwalisa sendabuko saseMexico, ukulungiswa kwawo kufana nale nqubo yokuzalanisa.
- Abasikiwe basika ubude obungu-15-20 cm ekwindla. Shiya iziqu ezinamandla. Ngezansi usike ngaphansi kwezinso, nangaphezulu - phakathi kwamahlumela. Ziyahlanzwa futhi zikhethwe eziqine kakhulu, ezingathinteki ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
- Izimbambo zisongwe ephephandabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusikwa kungukugcwaliswa, nephepha kungu-burrito.
- Umugqa odlulayo umunyiswe futhi uhlanganiswe ku-polyethylene. Gcina cishe ngo-1818 C.
- Ventilate kanye ngezinsuku eziyi-7, hlola ukubola. Uma kuvela isikhunta, kungcono ukulahla isisetshenziswa sokusebenza.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-28- 30, izimpande kufanele zakheke kumasayithi asikiwe. Ngemuva kwaloko letisikiwe litshalwe emhlabatsi lovulekile.
Umhlali wehlobo uxwayisa: amaphutha ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-roses
Lapho ukutshala ama-roses ngesikhathi sokuwa, ama-miscalculations ayenzeka:
- Ukuze kubambe imbande, imbali itshalwa ku-peat. Rot rots bese uyafa. Isixazululo sitshala ku-loam egcwele amaminerali.
- Lapho sezikhulile, izimpande ziyagoba. Bheka ukukhula okuthe chu nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo. Ukuvimbela - ngemuva kokutshala, balawula indawo yohlelo lwezimpande.
- Ukujula ngokweqile kokugoma emhlabathini. Okujwayelekile ngu-5 cm, uma kungenjalo, izimbali ziyaphela bese ziyafa.
Yondla ama-roses
Entwasahlobo, kwenziwa umanyolo kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zikhula ngenkuthalo, lapho kumiswa izinga lokushisa elifanele. Izinketho ezingaba khona:
- bamba ibhakede elihhafu lem mullein elizungeze isihlahla;
- I-20 g ye-ammonium nitrate noma i-urea ihlakazekile enhlabathini olumanzi, oluniselwe;
- kusetshenziswa umanyolo okhethekile wama roses, aqukethe i-nitrogen;
- semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngomquba.
Ehlobo, ukuze kube nezimbali eziningi, ama-roses adliwa kaningana ngezixazululo ze-organic (i-mullein, imidwebo yenkukhu, umlotha) ngokufafaza ezimbali kusihlwa.
Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-Autumn kufanele kugcwalise izakhamzimba enhlabathini eseqediwe ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali bese kulungiswa isitshalo ebusika:
- waniselwa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium (25 g we-superphosphate, 10 g we-potassium ngama-10 l amanzi);
- ngo-Septhemba, izinto ze-nitrogen azifakwanga, ngoba zifaka isandla ekukhuleni kokukhula kwentsha, akudingekile lapho kulungiswa i-rose ebusika:
- ngokuqala kokuphola, izihlahla zemboza izithombo zezihlahla.
Ilungiselela ama-roses ebusika
Ama-roses atholakala kakhulu kumakhaza, ngakho-ke, ebusika adinga ukuvikelwa okuthile.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena okulungile kwenza i-rose kube lula ukubekezelela ukubanda. Amahlamvu aphansi kanye namahlumela kungawokuqala ukuhlushwa izifo, ngakho-ke asuswa ngokuphelele maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izinyathelo ezisele zincike ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala.
Ukushiya izinhlobo zincipha endaweni yokukhula, nesihlahla nezinhlobo - kusikwe ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Inqubo yenziwa amasonto angama-1-2 ngaphambi kwendawo yokukhosela, ishiya iziqu ezi-3-5 kuphela.
Shelter ebusika
Ngokushisa kwe- + 5 ... +7 ° C, izihlahla zembozo zezihlahla zembozo ezinezihlahla ezingama-spruce namafreyimu we-wire wire ngaphansi kwawo, isimo siyisicaba. Isakhiwo simbozwe ngefilimu noma ngezinto zophahla.
Ukuphakama okufanele - 40-50 cm. Ubukhulu buhlobene nenombolo yezithombo. Ngokushisa kwe--10 ° C, ifilimu icindezelwa kancane emhlabathini.
Ama-rose ajwayelekile avele agobeke emhlabathini futhi awaphine ngocingo. Indawo yokugoma imbozwe kancane ngenhlabathi noma ngomquba. Amabhishi abantu abadala angashiywa ngaphandle kokugoba. Zimbozwe ngesikhwama samahlamvu amile.
Ama-rose akhuphukayo ahlukaniswa ngokucophelela ekusekelweni lapho enza khona i-curruce, abekwa egatsheni le-spruce futhi afakwa.
Entwasahlobo, umklamo udilizwa kuphela ngemuva komoya omncane, ukuze izimbali zingashisi.
Ukulungiselela kahle ubusika kuzosiza ukugcina izitshalo ezinempilo, ezinhle.
UMnu Dachnik uyeluleka: Izinhlobo ezingalwisisani nobusika zama roses omgwaqo ophakathi nendawo
Ukuzalaniswa emzileni ophakathi nendawo (isifunda saseMoscow), lezi zinhlobo zama roses ziphelele:
| Okuhlukahlukene | Ibanga | Incazelo | Izimbali |
| D. Austin | UCharles Austin | Isitshalo seShrub, ukuphakama kufike ku-150 cm.Odor - izithelo. | Ama-inflorescences ayi-racemose. I efihlekile kukhona orange. |
| Inkosazana u-Alexandra waseKent. | Isihlahla esiyindilinga, sikhula size sifinyelele kuma-90 cm, ububanzi - 60 cm. Iphunga li-lemon-currant. | Okukhulu, terry. Ububanzi bungaba cm 12. Umbala - opinki. | |
| Umqhele Princess Margaret. | Imbali e-wicker efinyelela kubude obuyi-2,5 m. Iziqu zikusimo se-arc, ngakho-ke zisebenzisa ukusekela. Isikhathi sezimbali sisukela kuJuni kuya maphakathi ekwindla. | I-Apricot | |
| Ipaki | Kufinyelelwe. | Isihlahla esikhula ngamandla, isiqu sifinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama. On the amahlumela kukhona spikes ezinkulu. Izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa, zizizwa zikhululekile emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-40 ° C. Ama-petals asetshenziswa kabanzi ukudala ujamu. | I-Semi-Double, ububanzi nge-12 cm. |
| Alexander Mackenzie | Shrub ngokuphakama okufika ku-200 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-150 cm. Kunameva amahlumela. | UTerry. Umbala - obomvu rasipiberi. | |
| UWilliam Baffin. | Ezasekhaya - eCanada. Ukuphakama kweShrub kuze kufike ku-3 m, ububanzi - cishe 2 m. Inokungazinzi okuhle kwama-pathologies we fungus, akhulele emthunzini. | I-Semi-Double, pink ejulile, umongo umhlophe. | |
| Ukumelana neqhwa (kungaba ubusika ngaphandle kokukhosela) | Albe. | Isitshalo seShrub sinamahlumela aqinile aqondile, ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.8 Izimbali - inyanga. | Terry, mhlophe qhwa. |
| Izikhuhla. | Izinhlobo ezihlahleni ezikhuphukayo ezi-Semi, ezifika ku-3 m ukuphakama. | Okupinki okukhanyayo. | |
| I-Agness. | Itshalwa kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kufaka nesihlabathi. | Uphuzi omnandi. | |
| Itiye leHybrid | Usuku lweGloria. | Isitshalo seShrub, isiqu sifinyelela ku-1 m. | Okukhulu, terry. Umbala - ophuzi ophuzi, unemngcele wepinki. |
| Inyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | I-Bush efinyelela ku-90 cm. Kuncike ekuhlaselweni kwe-powdery hlobo. | Owempisi, opholile. | |
| Jabula kabili. | I-Shrub ikhula ize ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1. Inokuzivikela ezifweni zokukhunta. | Ukuhlukanisa, pink ejulile. | |
| UNicole. | Izinhlobo ezinemibala emibili zohlobo lokusika. | Ngaphakathi - obomvu obugqamile, ngaphandle - okumhlophe. | |
| IPharadesi. | Ikhula ibe yimitha eyi-1. Kunameva amaningi esihlahleni. Ukugonyelwa okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta. Ebusika, ngokuqinisekile bayohlala, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizokufa. | Okumhlophe nokubomvu. |
Zonke izinhlobo zama roses zizohlobisa noma iliphi ikona lensimu, zinikeze ukubukeka okuhle futhi okuhle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungazinaki izincomo zokutshala nokunakekela lezi zitshalo ezinhle.
