Iminduze iyizindlovukazi zeqiniso zensimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yazo, osayizi, bobunjwa nama-aromia ayamangalisa. Izinhlobo eziningi azikhathaleli futhi azivumelanisa kahle nesimo sezulu sendawo ephakathi.
Ezinye nzalo ziyaqhakaza ngisho nasezimweni ezisenyakatho ezinzima. Ukuze uthole i-lily, ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwangaphandle kunokwehluka okuningi okuvela kwezinye izitshalo ze-bulb.
Ukulima kwangaphandle
Ukufinyelela izimbali ezinkulu nezinempilo, kufanele wazi ama-nuances wokukhula: kusukela ekukhetheni kwama-bulbs ukusiza ebusika.
Ukukhetha imbewu
Udinga ukuqala uhlele ingadi yangaphambili noma umbhede wezimbali oneminduze ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobo. Ukuhlanganiswa okuvumelanayo kosayizi, ukuphakama nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuzokuvumela ukuba ujabulele ingadi yezimbali enethezekile lonke ihlobo.
Izinhlobo zokutshala
Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba ngokwezigaba ngokwehlukana kwehlukanisa umehluko wamaqembu ayisishiyagalolunye weminduze:
- Ama-Asia, ama-nzalo angaphezu kuka-5000, ama-hardy ebusika, angabekezeleli. Izimbali ezingenamahloni.
- I-Curly, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200. Ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu, ukwakheka kuyaphakama, kufana nekhandlela elibekwe phansi.
- Umhlophe qhwa, izinhlobo ezingama-20 kuphela. Umbala omkhulu ubomvu-mhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi kube nemifudlana ephuzi emnyama yamapare ngephunga eliqinile. Moody, isimo sezulu esidinga nokunakekelwa.
- AmaMelika, abe nokubhaliselwe okungu-150. Abaholi ngokukhanya, kukhona ama-shades amahle. Isici esivelelayo imidwebo emnyama ehlukanisayo ngaphakathi kwe-calyx.
- Izimbali ezinde, zivame kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izingane. Izwela kakhulu izifo kanye namagciwane. I-inflorescences yinde, inde, ithambekele ekujuleni komhlaba.
- Izinhlobo ezithambile, ezinothando lokushisa, ezinezimbali ezinkulu elimnandi kakhulu.
- I-Oriental, iqembu elikhulu kakhulu le-varietal elinama-subspecies angaphezu kwenkulungwane. Izitshalo zithanda ukufudumala, ukunakekelwa okuphelele, futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa ngokucophelela ezifweni.
- Ama-hybrids we-Interspecific athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngoba bahlanganisa izinzuzo zamanye amaqembu. Okufuneka kakhulu yi-LA nzalo, i-OT nzalo kanye ne-LO nzalo. I-lily corolla ingaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-distillation.
- Izinhlobo zemvelo zivame ukungaphansi kwezihlobo zensimu ngobuhle nosayizi, kepha zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutholeni izinhlobo ezintsha.
Ikhwalithi ye-Bulb
Lapho uthenga, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela ama.
Ezibuthakathaka nezonakalisiwe ngeke zikhule, futhi abantu abanegciwane bangasabalalisa amagciwane kuwo wonke engadini futhi babangele izinkinga ezingezinhle.
Lapho ukhetha i-lily, udinga ukunaka:
- Isibazi sasigxile ekuthinteni, sinamanzi, ngaphandle kokutholwa kokubola, usizi, amabala amnyama nezibalo ezithambile. Uma kunomonakalo obonakalayo, imithetho yokuhamba nokugcina yangephulwa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ubungozi bokufa bukhulu.
- Amahlumela amancane nezimpande ezintsha, hhayi ezomile zazibonakala. Izitshalo ezinjalo zisebenza kangcono. Ubukhulu bohlelo lwempande oluphilayo kufanele okungenani lube ngu-4-5 cm.
- Usayizi we-anyanisi wawumkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukutshala impahla kusuka kububanzi obungu-14 cm kuzonikeza amahlumela anamandla nama-inflorescence amakhulu. Omncane uzothola amandla ngonyaka noma emibili, bese labo abanobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-3 cm bazoqhakaza kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2-3 emva kokutshala.
Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngezinto eziphezulu zokuhluma. Ngokunokwenzeka, lezi zinhlamvu azange zitshalelwe emhlabathini futhi zaphuthelwa umjikelezo owodwa wezitshalo. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezingcambu, bazoqala ukukhula ngentshiseko futhi ngeke basinde lapho kubanda.
Ukutshala Imithetho Yamaqembu Ehlukahlukene Ehlukahlukene
Okhokho beminduze yokuhlobisa ingadi ekuqaleni bakhula ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba: sisuka eSiberia esibandayo nesinzima saya eSteppe Asia Ephakathi, ezindaweni ezintabeni zaseCaucasus nasezindaweni ezomile zaseAmazonia. Izinhlobo zesimanje ezizuzwe njengefa zithanda ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, usayizi, isikhathi sezitshalo kanye nokuzwela ukubanda nezifo.
Ukuze ungenzi iphutha lokukhethwa kwe-hybrid, udinga ukwazi izici zawo.
| Iqembu | Indawo nomhlaba | Isikhathi sokufika | Izinhlobo ezithandwayo |
| E-Eshiya | Indawo ekhanyiswe kahle ngaphandle kwamanzi aseduze komhlaba. Uthanda inhlabathi ekhanyiswe kahle ene-acid enamanzi enziwe nge-peat noma nge-humus. Kungenzeka ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene ngesimo sepiramidi, lapho amaphikiseli asezingeni eliphansi etholakala ngaphansi kwethani eliphansi, kanti amathangase amakhulu abekwe esihlahleni esingaphezulu. | Ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ukuqala kukaSepthemba |
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| Empumalanga | Izindawo zamahhala, ezifudumele futhi ezifakwe ilanga eningizimu naseningizimu mpumalanga. Akufanele kube nezitshalo ezinesistimu enezimpande enamandla endaweni. Ukuxineka komswakama akumele kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke izindawo ezikuthambeka zilungile. Izinhlabathi ezithukululiwe zingathathi hlangothi ku-pH, lapho kufakwa khona umquba, umquba, umquba kanye nezithako zamaminerali. | Agasti |
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| Tubular | Izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle ezingenakufinyeleleka komoya nokusalungiswa. I-Loose, evundile engathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline yomhlaba ifanelekile. | Ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ukuqala kukaSepthemba |
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| I-Curly (Martagon) | Izindawo ezibanzi, ezikhanyayo engadini ngaphandle kokusongelwa ngamanzi. Dinga isanti noma i-loamy, ngaphezu kwalokho ukhululiwe umhlabathi we-pH ovuthayo futhi ongathathi hlangothi. Isitshalo sikhulu impela, ngakho-ke kulungele kangcono ukutshala okukodwa. | Ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ukuqala kukaSepthemba |
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| Imhlophe qhwa | Izindawo ezifudumele zelanga ezingxenyeni eseningizimu yengadi yezimbali, zivikelwe kahle emoyeni. Ikhetha inhlabathi enamafutha evundile igcwele i-nitrogen ne-potassium, inomswakama impela futhi ixegayo. NgoSepthemba, lesi sitshalo sinqunyiwe, kanti isibani sembiwe ukuze kugcinwe ubusika. | Etshalwe entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuphela kwesithwathwa. |
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| I-hybrid | Imibhede yezimbali ebunjiwe kahle nezingadi zangaphambili ezinesihlabathi nesihlabathi esiminyene, ezifakelwa isihlabathi somfula, i-peat, i-leaf humus nomlotha. I-acidic kancane noma engathathi hlangothi. | Kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba |
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| I-OT hybrid | Uhlangothi lwelanga lwensimu, kuyilapho izimbali kufanele zibekwe khona ukuze iziqongo ezinama-inflorescence ziselangeni, neziqu ezimpandeni zisemthunzini. Uyayithanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile, enamanzi amaningi. | Ukuqala kukaSepthemba |
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Imihlahlandlela yendawo ejwayelekile
Ukutshala iminduze kuvame ukukhiqizwa ekwindla, cishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Le nkathi iyadingeka ukuze ukhula lwenhlamvu lube emhlabathini.
Uma utshala izimbali ekuseni kakhulu, zizokhula futhi zife ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izitshalo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Imvamisa, abalimi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti baqala ukutshala imibhede yezimbali ngeminduze eyahlukahlukene kanye nezinto zokutshala zokuhlunga. Ngokufanelekile, isikhathi sokuphela kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala kubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili ngokutholwa kwezitshalo.
Indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni ingadi yangaphambili nokukhetha indawo yeminduze idlalwa yinhlangano yabo. I-Tubular, i-Asia kanye ne-Oriental ibekwe kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga zensimu, kanti zona ezinama-curly ziyabekezelela umthunzi oyinxenye.
Izitshalo ezinezimbali ezinkulu zingomahamba nezinyawo. Zingabekwa lapho kudingeka khona ama-accents aqhakazile, ngokwesibonelo, ngokubhekene nesizinda sotshani bokuhlobisa obungaphansi. Izinhlobo zezimbali ezincane kufanele zitshalwe ngamaqembu.
Enye indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlelela ingadi yezimbali i-pyramidal, lapho izitshalo zibekwa kwisilayidi kusuka ezinwantabeni futhi ziqokiwe kuziponji ezinkulu ezineziqu ezinde.
Ilungele iminduze eminingi yizindawo eziphakeme namathambeka emkhakheni oseningizimu naseningizimu nasempumalanga. Futhi ngokombono we-aesthetics, futhi ngenxa yezizathu zokunakekelwa, kungcono ukutshala izimbali eceleni kwendlela.
Okokuhle okwenziwa engadini, izindawo eziseduzane nezihlahla noma izihlahla ezinesistimu enkulu yezimpande, enjenge-dahlias ne-peonies, azifanele. Bazizwa bakhulu lapho benamanye ama-bulbs: ama-tulips, ama-daffodils, izingwenya.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Udinga ukulungiselela indawo yeminduze ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokutshala ezinyangeni zasekwindla, i-flowerbed ilungiswa ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngokudluliselwa kwentwasahlobo kwamabhu enhlabathini - ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Akunandaba noma iyiphi inyanga ama-izimpande emile izimpande, inhlabathi ilungiswa ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:
- Ibhakede le-humus, i-peat noma umquba obolile, amagremu angama-20-30 we-superphosphate, amagremu angama-200 omlotha wokhuni ngemitha yesikwere asakazeke ngokulinganayo ebusweni.
- Bamba kuze kufike ku 30 cm cm, ujike bese ukhulula izingqimba.
- Emva kwalokhu, izinyanga ezimbalwa izinqubo zemvelo ze-hydration kanye nokuvutshelwa kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo zenzeka, ukuze inhlabathi isilungele ngokuphelele isikhathi sokutshala.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Bulb
Ukucubungula imbewu kuyadingeka ekuvinjelweni kwezifo kanye namagciwane izici zezinduna.
Uma ama ama nezimpande zawo omile, kumele afakwe emanzini afudumele egumbini ngalinye amahora amaningi.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwenziwa imizuzu engama-20 kusetshenziswa:
- Isixazululo pinki of potanganum permanganate;
- ilungiselelo elilungiselelwe kusuka ku-2 g ye-malathion noma i-foundationazole ilitha lamanzi ngalinye;
- imishini ekhethekile iMaxim noma iVitaros yokucubungula ama.
Akudingekile ukuwasha izisombululo zokubulala amagciwane, vele umane kancane emthunzini.
Iphethini yokufakelwa
Ukujula kokufakwa kwe-bulb enhlabathini kunqunywa ngosayizi wayo. Kufanele ilingane okungenani nama-diameter amathathu we-tuber. Ibanga elincanyana kakhulu ngaphezulu komhlaba lingashukumisa ukuvela kwamendlalelo yendodakazi eminingi, ngenkathi i-lily ngeke iqhume.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kumele libe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kulezo zinhlobonhlobo ezinikeza ama-peduncle amaningana noma ezinezimbali ngobubanzi, kudingeka isikhala esithe xaxa.
Kuyelulekwa ukuzisusa kwezinye izitshalo ezingekho ngaphansi kwengxenye yemitha. Lapho-ke umbhede wezimbali uzobukeka muhle, ungabi mubi ukwedlula ezithombeni zomagazini.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo
Uku-oda kokutshala okufanele kweminduze kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Amabhuleki
Imithombo yokujula nobubanzi edingekayo ilungiswa endaweni ekhethiwe enomugqa omncane wokubekwa kwezimpande ntofontofo. Isihlabathi samalahle sithululelwa ngaphansi kwendawo yokuphumula, ngemuva kwalokho isibani sisethelwe ngokucophelela nesihluma. Kungcono ukuyifafaza ngesihlabathi kancane, bese uyimboza ngenhlabathi, icwecwe bese uyinisela.
Amabhomu
Isiqu sefihlekile sivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande ezincane zivele emabhola, zisuswa ngokucophelela kusuka kuma-cut cut bese zibekwa esiqandisini, emazingeni okushisa +3 degrees ngenyanga ukuze zihlukaniswe.
Amabhule atshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile aze afinyelele ku-3 cm okungenani ibanga le-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ngemuva kokunisela, umbhede wezimbali kufanele ufakwe ungqimba lwe-peat noma amaqabunga.
Imbewu
Imbewu yelily ivunwa ekwindla. Ngemuva kokumiswa nokwelashwa nge-fungicides, ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha enhlabathini noma izithombo zisuswe.
Indlela yesibili iyathandeka, ngoba ungathola inombolo enkulu yezitshalo eziqinile ezisebenzisekayo. Kungcono ukhule izimbali ezivela imbewu imbewu ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekutholeni izithombo zomnduze zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Thatha isitsha noma ibhokisi elinokujula okungaba ngu-10 cm.
- Gcwalisa inhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi, i-peat kanye nenhlabathi yengadi.
- Yenza imifuno ngehafu yesentimitha.
- Thela imbewu elwa namagciwane.
- Mboza nge-primer bese umswakama kahle kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza.
- Lindela izithombo futhi uzinakekele aze adluliselwe endaweni evulekile.
Iminduze emisha ingadluliselwa ku-flowerbed ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla kokuqala.
