Ummbila ungenye yezitshalo ezithandwayo kakhulu engadini, okutshalwe abalimi abaningi nabalimi. Lokhu akukona nje ukwengeza okumnandi kuma-saladi, kodwa futhi nokudla okuyisilwane esihle kakhulu. Ukutshala ummbila emhlabathini ovulekile ngembewu kuyindlela enhle yokuthola lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele. Ukulima kommbila ensimini kuqala ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala ummbila, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziningi ezingcono ukukhula. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zommbila, mayelana nemithetho yokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo ensimini.
Ummbila: Incazelo Yokutshala Okuhlwanyelwe
Ummbila - ummeleli womndeni wezitshalo, noma i-Myatlikovs. Lena imifino yonyaka eyafika ensimini yethu evela eMexico.
Uyazi? Ummbila - igama lohlobo, olumelelwa isitshalo esisodwa ngegama elifanayo - ummbila.Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula kuze kube ngu-6 m. Isitshalo esilungile sivela ohlelweni oluyimpumelelo. Ummbila uhlukile kwezinye izitshalo esakhiweni somgogodla, ongeyona into ejulile. Amaqabunga amakhulu, enomphetho oqinile kanye nemithanjeni enezingqimba. Amahlamvu ombala obala ohlaza akhula kuze kufike ku-10 cm. Ukuphakama kweqabunga elilodwa kungamamitha ayi-1. Ukusuka ngaphandle, amaqabunga ashicilela kancane. Esigabeni esisodwa singatholakala kusuka emaqenjini angu-12 kuya kwangu-23. Isithelo sekhanda yisinhlamvu esingahluka ngobuciko nobukhulu kuyehlukahluka.
Izici zokutshala ummbila ezweni
Ummbila kuleli lizwe ungumsizi omkhulu hhayi kuphela ekulungiseleleni izitsha ezihlukahlukene, kodwa nasekunakekeleni imfuyo, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zihilelekile ekutshalweni kwazo. Ngaphambi kokuba utshale okusanhlamvu ensimini noma kusayithi, kufanele ukhethe indawo yesitshalo bese ulungisa inhlabathi.
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi yokutshala
Kunombono wokuthi ukutshala izithombo zommbila kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlwanyela kommbila engadini kungenziwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Into esemqoka - indawo ekhanyayo, efudumele, evikelekile emoyeni.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala ummbila, udinga ukukhathazeka ngomakhelwane wesitshalo. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo eduze kwelanga, okuyinto ngamaqabunga ayo amakhulu avikela uhlelo lwempande lommbila ngokushisa, noma ngemifino - bayakhipha i-nitrogen, edingekayo kummbila.Futhi kaningi uma ukhetha isakhiwo sokutshala, abalimi bacabanga, emva kwalokho kungcono ukutshala ummbila. Izinhlamvu, ama-pulses, ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nemifino yezimpande zizoba yiziqhamuka phambili.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokuqhubekayo ngokuthi ummbila ukhula kanjani futhi uveza izithelo, kubalulekile kusengaphambili ukukhathazeka ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi lapho izitshalo zizokhula khona. Inketho engcono kakhulu izothuthukiswa kahle, inhlabathi ehlanjululwe kahle ngezinga elimnandi lokuswakama kanye nezinga eliphezulu lama humus.
Indlela yokutshala ummbila
Ukuze kuhlwanyele ummbila, kunezici eziningi okudingeka zicatshangelwe, ngoba hhayi nje indawo enhle nenhlabathi idlala indima enkulu, kodwa futhi nezinsuku zokutshala, uhlelo lokutshala ummbila, kanye nenqubo nendlela yokutshala ummbila. Ngokulandelayo, sibheka ngokucophelela zonke lezi zici ze-nuances zokukhula kwemboni.
Izinsuku zokufika
Ukuze ummbila ulethe isivuno esihle, uma ukhula isitshalo sembewu, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi uzokutshala nini. Kulesi simo, kudingeka uthathe isinqumo kusengaphambili ukuthi uzothula kanjani isitshalo: ngokusebenzisa izithombo noma ngokutshala imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Uyazi? Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukushiya ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ufeze izithombo.Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kungenzeka kuphela lapho amaqhwa ehamba, futhi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi okungenani +12 ° C. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Uma ukhula isiko lokutshala, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezihlukene ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kepha izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni evulekile phakathi noJuni.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala
Ukuze ummbila ujabule ngokuvunwa kwawo okuphezulu, ngaphambi kokutshala kuyadingeka ukwenza ezinye izinqubo ezihlobene nokulungiselela inhlabathi yokulima. Okokuqala, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ihlanzekile kahle futhi ifakwe kahle. Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala ngosuku noma ngisho nesonto akusebenzi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwenza lokhu ekwindla. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukumba indawo 25-30 cm ejulile. Ungakwenza lokhu nomlimi. Futhi emhlabathini kunesidingo sokwengeza indaba ephilayo, okungukuthi - umanyolo obolile, umquba we-phosphate-potassium.
Kubalulekile! Uma inhlabathi endaweni yakho iyasebenza kakhulu, kufanele ungeze i-lime kule nhlabathi: 2-3 kg ngamamitha angu-10.Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuphulukana nomhlabathi ukuze ubhubhise ukhula olumisiwe kakade, kanye nokufinyelela okungcono kwe-oxygen.
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Imbewu yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ingaqala lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingekho ngaphansi kuka-12 ° C. Ngaphambi kokutshala ummbila kusuka imbewu kuze izithombo zivele ngokushesha, kungcono ukuzincipha. Abalimi abaningi kaningi abakwazi ukucwilisa ummbila wokutshala, futhi bamane baphanga imbewu, bawagcine emanzini noma bangawafudumise ngokwanele. Ukuze yonke into ihambe kahle futhi imbewu ivukile, kubalulekile ukuwafudumala izinsuku ezingu-5 ngaphambi kokutshala ekushiseni okungama-35 °, bese ufaka emanzini afudumele izinsuku ezimbalwa. Amanzi adinga ukuguqulwa njalo. Ngemuva kokuthi konke ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokutshala sekuphelile, siyaqhubeka nenqubo yokutshala imbewu: emhlabathini udinga ukwenza ama-grooves amancane bese uhlwanyela okusanhlamvu kuwo, ujulise ama-5-7 cm ejulile. Amahlumela okuqala angabonwa ezinsukwini ezingu-2-14.
Uyazi? Ukuze isitshalo sembewu singakusiza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ungahlwanyela ngendlela yokuhambisa: imbewu yokutshala ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuvuthwa ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili.Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngendlela yokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lingama-40 cm, kanti ububanzi besisitezi buyi-1 imitha.
Abalimi bezithelo baye baqaphela indlela yokukhiqiza imifino ephumelele kakhulu, kulokhu, imbewu ihlwanyelwe emithonjeni yezingcezu ezingu-3. ngayinye. Izitshalo zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi enomanzi, futhi ngenhla - ngomhlabathi owomile. Lapho kuvela amahlumela kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi ushiye okungcono kakhulu futhi kuthuthukiswe.
Indlela yokutshala ummbila ngendlela yokutshala
Ezindaweni ezipholile, ummbila uvame ukutshala ukuze ukhiqize izithombo bese utshalwa kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile. Futhi indlela yokuhlwanyela isifanele kulabo abafuna ukuthola isivuno ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Izithombo zommbila ezikhulayo ngendlela eqala ngokulungiselela isitsha esifanelekayo nenhlabathi. I-cassette ekhethekile ekhethekile kakhulu yezithombo ezikhulayo, iphepha noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki. 
Ukuze uthole izithombo, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi, kungcono ukuxuba izingxenye ezimbili zomquba, ingxenye engu-1 ye-peat ne-1 ingxenye yesihlabathi, ungabuye ufake ingxenye yomlotha. Kwisitsha esisodwa kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu eyodwa ekujuleni kuka 2-3 cm nokufafaza isihlabathi phezulu. Kubalulekile ukukhulisa izithombo ekamelweni lokushisa futhi ngokulinganisela amanzi amanzi izitshalo, ugweme amanzi aqinile.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zokutshala kufanele zenziwe kanye nesikhumba somhlaba, ukutshala isitshalo emgodini u-2-3 cm ojule kakhulu kunokwama-coma, ubeke umquba phezulu nesihlabathi.
Izici zommbila okhulayo ezweni: indlela yokunakekela isitshalo
Ukuze uthole isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu, akudingeki ukuba utshale kahle lesi sitshalo, kodwa futhi nokunakekela ummbila phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula kwawo.
Ukususwa kokulinywa nokukhula kokhula
I-Hilling yinkambiso enethonya elihle ekukhuleni futhi iyasiza ukulwa nokhula. Isitshalo se-Spud singaba ngesandla (ukutshala ekhaya) noma ngokusebenzisa imishini (ukutshala izimboni). Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isiqu sommbila sinyene, kanti isitshalo ngokwaso sikhulu, ukulimaza kuzosiza ummbila ukuba "umelane" nokuqhuma umoya, futhi ube negalelo ekukhuleni okusheshayo nokuthuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekutshaleni, okuhlanganiswa, umswakama ugcinwe kangcono, futhi inqubo yokuziqhenya ngokwayo ihilela ukukhululeka, okwenza kube nokufinyelela okungcono kwe-oxygen. Uma uhlunga isitshalo, kuzokukusindisa ekubeni ususe ukhula. Yize kunezindlela eziningi zokulawula ukhula: lokhu kuyindlela yokwelashwa kwezitshalo, okuyi-weeding, noma ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinamakhemikhali.
Uyazi? Uma ukhulisa ummbila, kungcono ukondla isitshalo ngesandla futhi ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ekulwa nokhula noma izinambuzane.
Ukunisela nokudla
Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala ummbila kumele kuhlwanyelwe uma isitshalo selinamaqabunga ayisithupha. Ukuze ukondle ungasebenzisa ama-humus noma umquba owususelwe kumanyolo we-mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu. Ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo wamakhemikhali, isibonelo, i-ammonium nitrate esimweni segazi, i-potash, i-phosphate, ne-nitrogen fertilizer izoba nomthelela omuhle esimweni sommbila. Ngokuphathelene nokuchelela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinga lomswakama ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwama-cobs. Okulandelayo, ukutshala isitshalo kufanele kube okulinganayo, kuphela uma ubona ukuma kwenhlabathi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ukuze isitshalo singabi namanzi aphelile.
Kubalulekile! Abanye balimi batusa ummbila we-doopydy, bethi ukwandisa isivuno saso, ngenxa yalokhu, unqume izitshalo zesilisa ezivela ezitshalweni ezivela phezulu kwe-stem bese unyakazisa impova kusuka kuzo zibe izimbali zabesifazane.
Ukuvunwa kommbila
Ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna, ummbila ngokwawo uzokwazisa abanikazi bawo. Isigaba sokuqala ukuvuthwa okubukhali, isibonakaliso saso sokuqala umbala wezinhlamvu, kufanele ukuba ziphuzi ezibomvu, zibe lula; isibonakaliso esilandelayo - ubunzima bokuhlukanisa amaqabunga, ukumboza indlebe; isibonakaliso sesithathu ukukhanya kwamaphuzu we-panicle. Kukhona nomqondo wokuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo - amaqabunga aphuzi, umbala we-orange we-okusanhlamvu, ibhulashi elimnyama. 
Kubalulekile ukuvuna ngesikhathi, lokhu kuzomele ukwazi kahle ukuthi uqoqa kanjani ikhambi: Ukusetshenziswa okusha, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa ummbila esiteji sesilisi sokuvuthwa, ummbila wokusanhlamvu noma, isibonelo, for popcorn, esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ayikho imithetho eqinile kakhulu yokuvuna ummbila, kodwa kunezinye izincomo ezingcono ukulandela. Owokuqala akuwona wonke ama-cobs adinga ukuxoshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ukuqala ukuqoqa kusuka kulabo abaseduze kakhulu. Qoqa ummbila ukuze ususe i-cob kusukela ku-stem. Gcina ama-cobs kufanele abe egumbini elomile, uwafake endaweni ephakeme ukuze bangabi ukudla kwamagundane.
Njengoba ubona, ukuthola isivuno esihle semifino kulula, futhi ukulima kwalesi sitshalo akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Into eyinhloko yisifiso, futhi uzokwazi ukujabulisa wena nabathandekayo bakho ngezitsha okumnandi ngokungeziwe kwalo mkhiqizo, noma uhlele ukudla okuphakade kwezilwane zakho.
